...Chapter One Introduction of Business 1.1 The company Mardi Khola Agro Farming Pvt. Ltd is the newly privately owned agro farming organization, will soon established at middle of Hemja and Lahachok VDC. It will situated at near the Mardi Khola beach with own 14 ropani land and sufficient natural crystal clear glacier water. It will firstly offer the fresh trout fish which is famous for boneless and with high protein and hygienic. Mardi Khola Agro Farming Pvt. Ltd is established by four energetic young entrepreneurs with initial capital of 1core. They will be able to utilize the waste water into best productive assets. As Mardi khola is famous for Aasala Fish same like we hope our fishery project will be famous for trout fish. 1.1.1 Corporate Vision “ to exploit the useless natural resources into agro productive assets and contribute to the agro economics of the country.” 1.1.2 Corporate Mission “ to be the number one agro business organization in the South Asia” 1.1.3 Objectives of the Company • Establish the product lines that are eco friendly, organic and hygienic. • Use the resources that are neglected and wastage. • Offer product and service that are common to the customer, but without artificially added ingredients value added ie naturally. 1.1.4 Company Ownership The Mardi Khola Agro Farming Pvt. Ltd will be founded and owned by Buddhi Karki. Being one of the MBA degree holder of the Pokhara University, the core interest...
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...Red Drum Fisheries Management of Coastal Florida Danny W. Lyles COMM/215 May 7, 2012 David Mumford Abstract This paper is intended to evaluate the success or failure of the fisheries management regarding Red Drum or Sciaenops ocellatus in the coastal Florida area of the United States. The Red Drum, or the common name “Redfish”, is a popular sport fish among anglers due to its reputation as a formidable adversary, and the value of it on the market for table fare. The advent of blackened recipes from the bayous of the southeast has also increased its popularity. Red Drum Fisheries Management of Coastal Florida The Red Drum inhabits inshore, near shore, and offshore waters throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The adults spawn in rivers, bayous, and tidal areas and the fry will reside there for up to four years. This species can reach lengths of forty five inches and weigh as much as fifty pounds. Spawning is triggered by cooling waters and a decrease in daylight hours associated with late summer and fall. In 1989, the Red Drum was considered overfished in large part due to the fishing pressure placed on the species by recipes of “Blackened Redfish” introduced in Louisiana Cajun style restaurants and the chef’s that enjoyed success from the new menu item. In an attempt to control and regulate the harvesting of the species, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) instituted a slot limit of eighteen to twenty – seven inches...
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...APPENDIX 2 SUSTAINABILITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PROPOSED WTO NEGOTIATIONS: THE FISHERIES SECTOR COUNTRY CASE STUDY: PERU Draft – not for citation John Tilman May 2, 2006 1 Glossary ADEX BCRP CCA CPPS DDA DIGESA EEZ EU FAO FIUPAP FONCODES FONDEPES GATS GPS IATTC IMARPE INEI ISC ITP MT NAMA NRI OLDEPESCA PRODUCE PROMPEX SIA SNP SPS SUNAT TBT WTO Exporters Association Central Reserve Bank of Peru Causal chain analysis Permanent Commission for the South Pacific Doha Development Agenda Environmental Health Directorate Exclusive Economic Zone European Union Food & Agricultural Organisation Artisanal Fishermen’s Federation Cooperation & Development Fund National Fund for Fisheries Development General Agreement on Trade in Services Global Positioning System Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission The Marine Institute Statistical & Information Institute Selective Consumption Tax Fisheries Technological Institute Metric Tonnes Non-agricultural Market Access Natural Resources Institute Latin America Organisation for Fisheries Ministry of Production – Fisheries Export Promotion Office Sustainability Impact Analysis National Fishing Society Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Superintendency of Tax Technical Barriers to Trade World Trade Organization 2 Table of Contents Page Glossary Executive summary 1. Introduction 1.1. Background 1.2. Coastal livelihoods and development 1.3. Objectives of the study 2 6 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 18 18 19...
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...PROPERTY RIGHTS REARRANGEMENT FOR SCALLOP FISHERY SUSTAINABILITY Terms of Reference This paper seeks to review how a property rights rearrangement can ensure scallop fishery is harvested at a sustainable level in New Zealand. An explanation behind the rationale behind the use of individual transferable quota will be given as well as an overview on the subject. An outline of the difficulties that authorities might expect to incur when setting up and managing an individual transferable quota will be undertaken as well as strategies that can be used to avoid or solve these difficulties. Terms: Self-governance, ITQ, OMS, transaction costs Executive Summary This paper addresses the benefits New Zealand can gain through implementation of an ITQ system over the local scallop sector. Following the individual transfer quota system is the most sustainable way forward for fisheries to ensure that future supplies will not be depleted. Strategies can be employed to ensure that sustainable practices are followed, such as rotational harvesting, which gives the fisheries a level of profitability with the least negative effect on all parties. Introduction The rationale for application of individual transferable quota (ITQ) for scallops will be reviewed in light of identifying the ITQ system as the better choice for New Zealand to follow when opposed to a regulatory approach. There have been sustainable practices in fishing on a governmental and commercial level for many years. Laws have...
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...I. Introduction The Philippines is one of the world's leading fish producer. In 1995, it was 12th among the top 80 fish producing countries with a total production of 2.3 million metric tons, accounting for 2% of the world's 112.9 million metric ton fish catch. The following year, it was 13th among the 51 top fish producing countries with a total fish production of 1.8 million tons. In 2001, the country's fish yield further increased by 166,101 metric tons. There are different kinds of fishes and other aqua creatures like tilapia, tuna, mackerel, talilong, shrimps, seashells and most commonly the country’s national, the milkfish or bangus. Milkfish (Chanos chanos forskal) of bangus as locally comprises the bulk of aquaculture production in the Philippines. Its farming is regarded as the backbone of the Philippine aquaculture. They are hardy and fast growing, and can be raised in fresh and brackish water ponds, pens and cages. Being one of the dominant farmed-species for aquaculture, milkfish farming is geared towards high-density culture system, due to little or no prospect of expanding the brackish water farming area; support capture fisheries production which is on its continuing decline; and the rise and fall shrimps industry, due to disease problem. The industry’s remarkable progress can be attributed to the growing number of experienced shrimp farmers that are shifting to intensive milkfish culture. Various modifications in bangus culture have been developed towards attaining...
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...Advantage: The fisheries and aquaculture sectors are significant contributors to the economy of Vietnam. Direct production value (at the farm gate or on the wharf) in 2003 was approximately Ð25 trillion ($1.7 billion) or approaching 4% of GDP. Export earnings from fish, shrimp and other seafood products totaled about $2.2 billion in 2003 of which 52% was shrimp 1) Natural and environmental factors : +) Vietnam has a land area of 329,200 km² , an exclusive economic zone of about 1 million km², and a coastline of 3260 km, with 28 provinces abutting with the The sea area of Vietnam can be divided into four main regions as shown in Table 1 Table 1 : Biomass and estimated MSY | Fish stock 000 tons | TAC 000 tons | Tonkin Gulf | 681.2 | 272.5 | Central Region | 606.4 | 242.6 | South Eastern | 2075.9 | 830.5 | South Western | 506.7 | 202.3 | Sea mounts | 10.0 | 2.5 | Total sea area | 300.0 | 120.0 | | 4180.2 | 1670.4 | MSY = maximum sustainable yield, TAC = total allowable catch Source: Fistenet based on RIMF 1997 estimates. +) Vietnam has a dense river network, including 2,360 rivers with a length over 10km. Eight have large basins with catchments of more than 10,000km². This river network includes many international rivers that originate in other countries. +) With some of the provinces in the Mekong delta , mangroves are central to the sustainability of many of Vietnam’s fisheries. => potential to develop in shores fisheries. +) Weather type...
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...On Fisheries: From Maximum Sustained Yield to Sustainable Ecosystem Management Around the world, communities depend on the bounty of the ocean for everything from subsistence lifestyles to the maintenance of multi-million dollar fishing enterprises. In North America, for many of us fish arrives on our plate by way of a long commodity chain ending at the local grocery store, and is a product we expect to see available daily as much as we might expect to see bread, milk, and eggs. Internationally, fish have different meanings; important culturally and economically, in some places what the ocean provides is the only available means of survival. However, the sea around us is changing, in temperature and in species composition. What species remain plentiful are smaller than they were a decade ago, and the changes are felt more strongly every day. As a resource, fish stocks are trans-boundary and mobile, crossing in and out of international waters over the course of a migration, and therefore a global concern. The uncertainties present in measuring indicators of abundance and in our understandings of the workings of marine ecosystems combine with systemic exploitation to make fisheries management challenging and often unsuccessful. This has resulted in severe depletion in fish stocks and structural change in oceanic food webs worldwide, with immeasurable consequences. In discussions of the state of the world’s fisheries, annual fish mortality, or captured biomass, is often referred...
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...Learning How To Catch Post Spawn Bass One of the most difficult times of the year to catch bass is the post spawn period. This is a transition time for the bass and the bass fisherman. The bass are worn out from the rigors of spawning. Some fishermen are worn out too! From catching fish! During the spawning period the bass are somewhat easy to catch. Most of them are in the shallows. This eliminates ninety percent of the water you have to check to find fish. You only have a small number of tactics you have to try before you pattern the fish. The post spawn period is a whole new ballgame. When you go to the shallows to try for those easy fish that were there last week, you will be lucky to have a ten percent success ratio. Most of the bass have moved out of the shallows. They have begun their transition to early summer locations. This can be a slow transition but it can also seem to happen overnight. Two of the most influential situations that can affect the length of this transition are stress on the fish and the weather. Stress for a bass can come in many different ways. Fishing pressure can make for a stressful time for a bass intent on spawning. A lake that has an abundance of panfish, like perch and sunfish, will be very stressful on spawning bass. The sunfish will gang up on a nesting bass like a pack of wolves. When one sunfish comes close to the nest the bass will chase it away. Then other sunfish will move in to eat the eggs or the fry. Also, during this time of...
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...Overfishing in the Oceans Introduction Recent studies found that overfishing in the ocean is depleting sea life around the world. Overfishing in the oceans is taking the sea life at a rate too high that the fished sea life is having a hard time replenishing itself. Part 1 Overfishing started in the early 1800’s when humans started seeking blubber for oil lamps. When humans started overfishing for blubber it drastically reduced the whole population. The fish population like the Atlantic cod, herring and sardines were fished to the point it was almost extinct by the mid 1900’s. The disruption of the food chain became catastrophic by the late 20th century. Large commercial fishing ships in today’s industry are equipped with aggressive state of the art sonars to find schools of fish fast and accurately. Some of the large commercial ships have powerful engines that can drag really big fishing equipment through the ocean, so fish really don’t have a chance to escape. There is a type of fishing that is blamed for unnecessary damage to the bottom of the ocean called bottom trawling. Marine scientist compare bottom trawling to a bulldozer, except it has nets that collect turtles, coral and everything that is in its path. It causes irreversible damage to the coral reefs, slow growing fish species and even kills the sea turtles. Part 2 Solutions that we can do to help prevent over fishing in the oceans are, for one to change our eating habits. We don’t have to stop eating fish but...
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...NATIONAL FISHERIES POLICY 1998 MINISTRY OF FISHERIES AND LIVESTOCK Translated by: Shibabrata Nandi; Fisheries Management Support/DFID-B (Unofficial Translation) NATIONAL FISHERIES POLICY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Fisheries Resources in Bangladesh............................................................................... 1 Objectives of the National Fisheries Policy.................................................................. 2 Legal status of the National Fisheries Policy................................................................ 2 Range of the National Fisheries Policy......................................................................... 2 Policy for procurement of fish for the open freshwater bodies ..................................... 3 Fish culture and management policy in closed water bodies ........................................ 5 Coastal shrimp and aquaculture policy ......................................................................... 6 Marine fisheries resource development, exploitation and management policy ............. 8 Related fisheries policies............................................................................................ 10 Other related issues .................................................................................................... 15 Implementation strategy of National Fisheries...
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...Protecting The Global Commons: An evaluation of global fish stock health and management. The global commons share many primary resources that deserve to be managed and maintained effectively. The global fish stocks are included in these. Overexploitation of this delicate resource can lead to not only a depletion and extinction of this precious fish resource, but also a depletion of jobs, economic opportunities and revenue. Many countries rely heavily on aqua fisheries and aqua tourism industries as a great source of social and economic growth. Factors such as bycatch casualties, pollution, illegal fishing, unsustainable fishing and unsustainable management have a large part in the rapid depletion of global fish stocks. International policies are in place to effectively sustain and replenish fish stocks in particular The United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea and The 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement. The purpose of this paper is to critically access the government and academic literature in respect to the fish stocks of the world. This paper also aims to critically investigate the international policies and treaties associated with the Ministry Of Fisheries; that govern the regulations of sustainable fishing and fish stock management. Accordingly, this paper will be divided into four quantitive sections: the first section will provide reference and conduct a detailed review of the literature on overexploitation and depletion of fish stocks in the global...
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...Drift nets or gill nets are large nets for capturing fish. They hang vertically in the water column by weights at the bottom and are allowed to drift with the tide. Because drift netting can capture a large quantity of fish at the same time, it is a method that is commonly used to catch tuna, swordfish and salmon. Gill netting is so effective that their use is closely monitored and regulated by fisheries management and enforcement agencies. Fish can be caught in several ways from tangled in the net to held by the mesh slipping behind the opercula of the fish. During a trial driftnet fishery in Canadian waters in 1987, one vessel killed more than 200 sea mammals and 1000 birds. After this experiment, Canada refused to permit driftnet fishing. Without doubt, drift netting is not only detrimental to wildlife species but it is tremendously wasteful. About half of the catch either falls back into the water as the nets are being retrieved or is crushed to useless pulp by tons of fish and successfully retrieved fish are usually damaged and must be sold at a reduced price. However, there are countries and regions who have taken this into consideration and reduced this problem. For example, the European Union banned the use of drift nets for no longer than 2.5 km. Some organizations such as North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) that include Canada, the United States, the Russian Federation, Korea and Japan have already been monitoring four million square kilometres of the North...
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...Marine coastlines have held great importance for humans for thousands of years. We enjoy the beauty of the landscape, nourish ourselves with fish, crustaceans, and bivalves from the shore, and are highly dependent on marine algae which provide a major percentage of the oxygen found in the air we breathe (Walker, 1980). As economies have grown exponentially over the past century, so has the demand on our marine resources. Over the years we have seen a great reduction in the populations of fisheries we depend on. Not only does over harvesting affect our way of life, it has an even greater impact on the ecosystem and various habitats , and the biodiversity found along our coast (Worm et. al, 2006). Marine protected areas (MPA’s) are designated stretches of coastline that have become important in terms of fisheries and ecosystem restoration (Palumbi, 2001). These reserves allow marine flora and fauna to have a chance to return to healthy populations to allow for sustainable harvest and rehabilitation of species that have been affected by overharvesting (Gleason et. al, 2010). MPA’s in California have been implemented by legislature for the purpose of preserving and rehabilitating our coasts. In 1999, the Marine Life Protection Act was passed, requiring an overhaul to the design of the MPA system to increase its success and efficiency (www.dfg.ca.gov, 2013; Gleason et. al, 2010)1. In California there are now a total of 124 protected areas, of which 119 are MPA’s and the remainder...
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...Shark Killing and the Ecosystem Introduction Sharks are fascinating creatures that come in all sizes and live in water all over the world. Arguably, these creatures play a very imperative responsibility in the ocean that a fish cannot. Apparently, sharks are the top food providers in the ocean almost in every part of the world. In this case, they assist in keeping the inhabitants of other fish species healthy and in suitable proportion for their ecosystem. However, shark population faces the threat of extinction in almost all parts of the world due to overfishing. Fishers us a technique called Bycatch, a process in which marine mammals or species of fish are unintentionally, caught while fishing for a specific target. Irrespective of the initiatives and laws put in place for overfishing, fishers have continued to hunt sharks for the fin soup, which is in high demand than their meat. On the other hand shark cartilage and shark liver oil are sold as cures for the hosts of aliments. Due to this disparity between meat and fins, it has led to a horrific practice of shark fining. As a result, there is need to create awareness on the importance of sharks in all parts of the world in order to save ocean ecosystem from extinction. Catching Techniques Many fishing techniques and gear are no selective and result in catching and discarding millions of marine life that is not always the target species. Most of the fishing methods like the long line typically are used to catch tuna. However...
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...Maine’s lobster industry is experiencing other fisheries aren’t, an increase in lobsters landings! Considering the dismal shape of other fish stock this is surprising and good news, especially for those in the Maine area. With more demand for their supplies, lobstermen and women have been better off financially. For example, Mr. Day and his wife have now been able to go purchase their own house. Many believe that some of their success is attributed to a common respect of written and unwritten of the seas. Also, new lobstermen aren’t all that welcome. The real reason that lobster landings are in such an upward swing is unknown though. Many people theorize and speculate, but it’s being dubbed as a “scientific mystery”. While some are pessimistic about the future of the lobster industry, many of the lobstermen themselves seem to be unbothered. They believe that there will always be a future in catching lobsters and instead of trying to figure out how maintain lobster levels, let nature take its course. 1. The catch of lobster has increased in Maine over the past 15 years. 2. . 3. Shorts are lobsters that are too small to catch. 4. Eggers are pregnant female lobsters. 5. Females carrying eggs are marked with a V-shaped notch on their tales because it allows other fishermen to know she has kids on deck and needs to be thrown back into the ocean. 6. Oversized lobsters are thrown back because they’re considered great breeders. 7. Lobstermen don’t on follow...
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