...A society cannot be successful unless it has both elements of collectivism and individualism in it because independence, creativity, opinion, and teamwork all go together to make a society that works well together. Collectivism is the practice of giving a group priority over each individual in it. Another word for it is a Communist Government. It all depends on what people stand for and what their opinion is whether people agree or disagree with collectivism. An example of collectivism in the book Anthem is when everyone eats, sleeps, works, and walks together as a group. Everything is done for the group and as a group in collectivism, not as an individual mind. A society cannot be successful unless it has both elements of collectivism and...
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...Introduction The term cultural values refer to our conception of the commonly held standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, important or unimportant in a community or society. All values are learned values. Humans are not inherently born with the understanding of the kinds of values they should uphold. Instead, values are passed down and inculcated from one generation to another through intricate agents such as experiences, interaction, friends, families and cultural norms. Needless to say, different cultural groups espouse different values. Studies on culture have shown a saliency of difference in both Asian and western values (Schwartz, 1994). Due to the nature and diversity of their beliefs and practices, Asian and western cultures have been largely distinguished as being collectivistic and individualistic respectively (Victor, 1992; Wagner & Moch, 1986). In the case of an individualistic culture, an individualist would consider his or her own personal interest and goals more important than the group’s interest (Victor, 1992; Earley 1989; Wagner & Moch, 1986). On the other hand, a collectivistic culture would value membership in a group, show stronger loyalty to their social groups and place their own interests before the groups’ interest (Victor, 1992; Wagner & Moch, 1986). Collectivistic Singapore Schwartz (1994:111) described Chinese in Singapore as “closest to the pure Hofstede conception of collectivism, high in conservatism and hierarchy, and low...
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...(Cherry, 2011). There are various conditions in which diffusion of responsibility can occur. For example, a person might see someone performing a criminal act, and that they may be hurting someone, but the person does not approach, because they don’t think they should intervene, or they don’t see anyone else to approach. Another condition would if we see a fellow work partner, take something from the company, we do not address it because we don’t think that it is our problem. Also, we may see a person in pain, and that we do not approach, because we are not sure what to...
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...Sociological perspectives Sociological perspectives is a perspective on human behaviour and its connection to society as a whole. It invites us to look for the connections between the behaviour of individual people and the structures of the society in which they live. The structures are functionalism, Marxism, Feminist, Interactionism, Collectivism, Postmodernism and New right. Functionalism Functionalism is a perspective created by Emile Durkheim. He believed society was made up of inter-connected institutions for an example education, family and government which depended on each other to function. Functionalists see society as being similar to the human body. In the same way the body relies on the heart to pump blood round to other vital organs like the lungs and brain. Functionalists see society as being constructed of different inter-dependent components like the family and education system. So in the same way the human body would fail if the heart stopped, functionalists’ argue society would stop working properly if the family stopped functioning properly. Functionalists say this would happen because the family is an institution in which primary socialisation occurs. Primary socialisation is where younger members of a family are taught societies norms, values, roles and beliefs, By having the same values which we all share, a value consensus is establish. Therefore we can see the family has a function in the social system. This perspective of society differed...
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...Contents: Functionalism……………………………………………………………Pg.3 Marxism………………………………………………………………….Pg.4 Feminism………………………………………………………………...Pg.5 Interactionism…………………………………………………………...Pg.6 Collectivism……………………………………………………………...Pg.7 Post-Modernism………………………………………………………...Pg.8 New Right………………………………………………………………..Pg.9 You (Me)…………………………………………………………………Pg.10 Functionalism According to the functionalist perspective of sociology, each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society’s stability and functioning as a whole. For example, the government provides education for the children of the family, which in turn pays taxes on which the state depends to keep itself running. That is, the family is independent upon the school to help children grow up to have good jobs so that they can raise and support their own families. In the process, the children become law-abiding, taxpaying citizens, who in turn support the state. If all goes well and to plan, parts of the society produce order, stability and productivity. If all doesn’t go to plan, then parts of the society then must adapt to recapture a new order, stability and productivity. For example, during a financial recession with its high rates of unemployment and inflation, social programs are trimmed or cut. Schools offer fewer programs. Then a new social order, stability and productivity occur. Functionalists also believe that society is held together by social consensus, in which members of the society agree upon, and works...
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...Abstract It’s not only Western enterprises that expand globally, enterprises from emerging countries are doing the same more and more organizations are expanding from a local to a global market space. Especially India is establishing itself as economic center and is rapidly becoming the new global economic superpowers. An understanding of local culture and how it affect Western leadership practices and behavior is key in order to become a successful leader, as Western enterprises continues to establish themselves into these emerging markets. In the very same way as enterprises from emerging markets need to understand the local culture when they establish themselves in Western countries. The aim of this report is to investigate what cultural factors/dimension that affect leadership in the context of multi countries as well as to investigate behavioral styles and practices leaders operating in India and see how Western leadership theories are relevant to these set up. Introduction In today’s world we have emerged from the industrial age, into the information age where knowledge is our most valuable assets. The rapid technological development that have enabled this information age is also affecting the pace at which change is happening in the world. The pace of change is rapidly increasing and in order for organizations to be successful they need to keep up with this pace (Schwarz & Brock, 1998). In a recent business leader review with more than 400 senior executives...
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...Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: A Comparison of Greece and U.S. Human Resource Management Approaches By Kelly M. Mistretta MBOL2 MBA 533, Human Resource in Management Dr. James C. Dumville Saint Leo University – Center for Online Learning September 9, 2012 Name: Kelly Mistretta Title: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: A Comparison of Greece and U.S. Human Resource Management Approaches Date: September 9, 2012 Abstract Globalization continues to become more important in the business culture in our world. No longer can management focus only on companies within their own country. Businesses are forced to compete with companies from other countries. With the increased global competition, a business must understand other cultures if they hope to remain competitive and have continued success. There are several models that show the influence of cultural differences between nations. Hofstede’s model, called the theory of cultural relativity of organization practices is the most recognized model. Hofstede’s model focuses on cultural influences and work behaviors in five different dimensions. Each dimension has important implications in understanding business. This paper will compare the Hofstede analysis of Greece and the United States. Biographical Sketch Kelly Mistretta is currently an MBA student at Saint Leo University. Mistretta has a BA in Accounting and plans to obtain an MBA to equip her with improved business skills to better contribute to society...
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...Greet Hofstede`s cultural dimensions Hello everybody. My name is Elchin. Today I will talk about Greet Hofstede`s cultural dimensions. Every manager should have deep knowledge about culture because we live in globalization time. What is culture? Culture is a system of values, beliefs, and norms shared among a group of people. People`s culture affect the values in the workplace. That’s why management processes should be different according to cultures and according to the people from different cultures in the workplace. The most famous study about how culture relates to values in the workplace was conducted by Geert Hofstede. From 1967 to 1973 he did a long research among more than 1 million employees in IBM company. He identified 5 dimensions. These dimension are 1) power distance, 2) individualism versus collectivism, 3) uncertainty avoidance, 4) masculinity versus femininity 5) Confucian dynamism or long term orientation. Let`s briefly review all these dimensions. Power distance. Power distance is about how much a culture accepts or doesn’t accept authority. If people in high positions or in high status show his or her power, rank or status and other people from lower levels accept this behavior; it means there is a high power distance. For example my country Azerbaijan is high power distance country. You cannot joke with your boss; you have to be careful while talking with people from high status etc. And the boss working room is separated from others. But it is not...
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...Introduction In order to obtain an impression of how culture possibly affects the businesses, it is reasonable to have a closer look at the differences among cultures. The representation of business culture is not only, multidimensional but also a socially constructed theory. It reflects how the members of various organizations accomplish their goals and work with commitment for the organization. An analysis of business culture is essential as it defines the set of values, beliefs, assumptions of the employees belonging to diverse organizations. Our analysis of the cultural shaping of people from Germany and Russia reveals a large cultural distance between the two countries. There are a number of models, which facilitate the comparison of...
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...James Sandoval TCCA 230 10/5/14 Paper Assignment 1 The United States of America is one of, if not the most diverse country in the entire world. There are members of almost every culture that live in the United States. The United States also has a distinct set of cultural values that it is known by. So I was interested in comparing the people and culture of the United States to the people and culture of a different country, this country is Ecuador. I chose to compare the United States to Ecuador because I am interested in traveling abroad to Ecuador someday. I will compare the values of individualism and collectivism, low and high power distances, weak and strong uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and femininity, and the societal contexts of the United States and Ecuador. I will also be figuring out how my values match up with my own culture and the culture of Ecuador. The United States and Ecuador are both countries with a rich heritage and a diverse group of people. In this paper, I will be showing how the United States and Ecuador compare to each other and how my values compare to them both. The United States of America is known for being very individualistic. This means that the people of the United States mostly rely on themselves to get things done and not on others in the community. People in the United States rarely will reach out to others in their community when they are facing a challenge, they will try to figure out the problem themselves almost every...
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...GUNG HO! CULTURAL ANALYSIS Michael Hamilton MKTG 3852 – Second Summer 2012 7/22/12 GUNG HO- CULTURAL ANALYSIS Cultural differences influence how business is conducted in today’s rapidly expanding global market. These cultural barriers affect human interactions through our perspective of one another, credibility, time frames, as well as through communication. The success of international business depends upon the ability to set aside our differences, unite and strengthen one another. Many of these challenges can be seen throughout the movie Gung Ho. The movie portrays the relationship between the Japanese and Americans in a lightly comically point of view through an auto factory. However, when comparing and contrasting the interactions of these two cultures, both in and out of the film, they’re dynamics of become more apparent. The connections and exchanges between the Japanese management team and the American workers throughout the film present examples for each of the five dimensions in Geert Hofstede’s cultural dynamics analysis: Individualism/Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance, Masculinity/Femininity, and the later added Long-term Orientation. I. Hofstede’s Cultural Dynamics The results from Hofstede’s analysis for the United States and Japan are in the following table. When comparing the two we see that the Americans have a highly individualistic, male reinforced, ambiguous, society with a slight hierarchy with a weak connection to tradition...
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...sometimes joyful live stories of a diverse collection of multicultural psychologists. Managing High Team Performance had taught us the many elements in forming and maintaining a team. This course involves team interaction to complete the team project. There are good and challenging times in the team. Through these experiences it allows us to be more aware of the negative as well as positive aspect of teamwork. Managing High Team Performance had taught us the many elements in forming and maintaining a team. This course involves team interaction to complete the team project. There are good and challenging times in the team. Through these experiences it allows us to be more aware of the negative as well as positive aspect of teamwork. All of my team members are come from different nation. In addition, my team members consist of: * Albert Anthonius Lim – Indonesia * Andrea Heredia – Peru * Daniella Gateka – Burundi * Pattaraporn Ounphaisankun - Thailand * Tobias Kretschmann – Germany Differences and Problems Workings in a group that consist of different members from all different countries are become a new and interesting point for me. All teams have commonalities towards the final goal of achieving success, the main difference among us being the greater number of variables and complexities and negative effects on the group. On the positive side, it is important to note the presence of wider cognitive and behavioral patterns, which affect the process of task...
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...“Internationalisation of operations is critical to a company’s success in today’s competitive environment” Internationalisation of operations is a huge issue which has faced many companies in today’s competitive business environment. With the increase in communications and ability to reach other countries being cheaper and easier in the 21st century, many companies have chosen to internationalise and expand on the domestic market in order to generate greater profits and become household names internationally. This essay will look at how American born company Wal-Mart Stores, Inc has grown and seen successes and failures in the international environment. It also will look at reasons behind the failures in relation to culture, using the venture into the world’s third largest retail market, Germany as the main focus for the essay. Firstly, this essay will look at culture and some theories that surround it and also look at different dimensions that make up culture. The definition of culture according to the Oxford Dictionary (1992) is: “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively or a refined understanding or appreciation of culture”. The theory that has been chosen to outline culture is Geert Hofstede’s five dimensions. The reason Hofstede’s theory has been used as an example in this case is because of the extensive research that he has put into developing his theories, as well as its relevance to the Wal-Mart failure in...
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...The power behind the recent surge in Asia’ economy may have developed from the s tenets of one of that continent’ earliest philosophers. s The Confucius Connection: From Cultural Roots To Economic Growth Geert Hofstede Michael Harris Bond J n 1968,the late Nobel-prize-winning mist Gunnar Myrdal published Asian Drama that described tions into the failure in South ment policies different Korea, econo- a book entitled his investigadevelopAsia. a very South however, countries Malaysia, some South and Southeast Asian besides Singapore, such as India, Thailand, and Indonesia drama), (the very also show signs of of economic scene of Myrdal’ s and Southeast drama: Kong, Japan, Twenty years later, we are experiencing kind of Asian Taiwan, Hong an economic takeoff. World Bank data on the average annual growth product rate of per capita gross national the East Asian (see Exhibit 1) confirm and Singapore are now outperforming the United States and Western Europe economically. Western markets are flooded with high-quality, hightechnology products “made in Asia”; the production of cameras, TV sets, and domestic appliances has all but ceased in many Western countries, the automobile business has suffered severely, and President Reagan has had to violate his free-trade principles to save the U.S. microchip industry. It is true that most of the competition is from East, rather than from South or Southeast Asia; lead. The Five Dragons, as these countries...
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...Final Paper Throughout this semester we have learned about numerous dimensions that put cultures into comparable categories. We have learned about the different values, beliefs, and attitudes a culture has and how that affects their behavior. We have learned about the different properties of roles and how they affect communication. We learned about the communication process that shows how a message is encoded and decoded through the communication channel. We learned about the two cognitive systems, automatic and controlled processing, and how it affects our decisions. We learned about the importance of nonverbal communication and the different codes and conventions that exist within cultures. We learned about the negatives of stereotyping a culture or group of people and about how this leads to discrimination. We have learned about in-groups and out-groups and how they affect a culture’s processes. We learned about the differences in direct versus indirect communication and how that affects high and low context cultures. We learned about the attribution theory and how we treat external and internal factors. We learned about managing multicultural teams and the best ways to approach them so we can best utilize everyone’s talents. As you can see, we have learned a lot over this semester but anyone can just list a bunch of different topics we have learned. The real question is; what did I really take away from this class? In this paper I will try to convey the true value that...
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