...the utmost importance, but prior to that, since the end of the Cold War, economic interests seemed to be the priority. Over the past seventy five years or so, the interests of the United States has fluctuated between security and economy, but all of this has relied upon the world situation at the time. For example, during the Cold War, the U.S. had the worry that they would be the target of missile attacks, making security the number one priority; as is to be expected. However, prior to this, during the depression, the economy was clearly the number one concern. In an attempt to distinguish between the two, the following essay will cover a number of separate occasions where the interests of the United States have swayed between their economy and national security, and how foreign policy was affected by this; those cases being the Great Depression, the Cold War, America’s support for Israel, the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the very recent Global Financial Crisis, or GFC. With this evidence a conclusion will be made which answers the question of what is more important in regard to foreign policy: the economy or security. When the Great Depression struck in the late 1920’s (Smiley, 2008), the U.S. government came to the realisation that not only did they have to protect their citizens in a physical sense but also in an economic sense. Prior to this event, America had been focused on physical protection; e.g....
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...became a conflict amongst the United and Communism Democracys and the soviet Union. Its kind of Amazeing to me that in only 3 decades it was full steam ahead. And it made the 1940's a standoff everywhere. But the depression was over and the cold war did help to shape our culture in the 1950's with all home life being changed completely. President Eisenhower said that America is today the most stongest, and the most influential, and most productive nation in the world.(Eisenhower,1961) The President had policy of brinksmanship. We need to understand That the leadership of this country on our unmatched material progress and our military strength. And we have to use our power to help those who cannot help there selves. Truman was a president that wanted keep communism confined to a specific area. The difference between Eisenhower, Truman where different but they all want to keep communism out of the United States. Eisenhower believed on a policy of brinksmanship and Nixon believed one of détente Truman on the other hand wanted to contain communism, to contain the spread of communist influence in areas of strategic importance, strengthen European nations and contain communist influence in Asian countries. The Truman Doctrine fundamentally shaped the United States' approach to the Cold War because it provided a justification for America to exert its influence throughout the world, promoting the growth of democracy, and resisting the spread of communism. (Bowles,2011)Eisenhower...
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...Name: Tutor: Course: Date: World History since 1945 Truman Doctrine The doctrine is named after the then-president Harry Truman. The speech made by the president before Congress in 1947 gave birth to the doctrine. The reason President Truman made the speech was because Britain had announced that they will no longer support the Greek government economically and military wise. Through the doctrine, the government of United States of America (USA) promised to provide political, army and economic aid to all democratic countries under threat from authoritarian powers. It further outlined the change in the USA foreign policy from its usual withdrawal stance from regional conflicts not directly touching on the country, to one of intervention in conflict all over the world. The doctrine also promised to help Turkey and Greece economically and through military actions against the communists this after Britain announced that they would be withdrawing their support. These countries were to receive $400,000,000 aid. The doctrine contents were justified by the need to help free people in their fight against totalitarian rule which would undermine international peace and hence affect the security of the USA (Jones, 36). NSC-68 The National Security Council Paper NSC-68 was a top secret report meant to confront the treat the hostile design of the Soviet Union had on the USA. The report banned the regeneration of US isolationism arguing that it will result in Soviet Union supremacy...
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...James Esses Page 1 Contents 1.0 Essay 1: Changes in the US Economy from 1945-1989 ..................................................................... 3 1.1 Boom (1945-1968) .................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Bust (1968-1989)..................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Essay 2 Consumer Society post 1945 ................................................................................................ 6 3.0 Essay 3 Foreign Policy 1945-1972 ..................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Berlin ....................................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Korea ....................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Berlin Wall ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.4 Cuba ...................................................................................................................................... 10 4.0 Essay 4: How did the US become involved in Vietnam and why did it escalate in the 1960’s? ..... 11 5.0 Essay 5 Harry Truman ..............................................................
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...Historiography is the study of how history is written or how it has been passed on, which includes different sources, levels of credibility, motives of the historian(s), and perspectives. “Critical analysis” in history writing means that one is to analyze a text and the author’s purpose of writing it, and how it affects the argument being made and the evidence that is being used. i.e. When writing about the causes of World War I, one would have to discuss both sides because if only one side, like Germany, were to be discussed, then it would be seen as biased, but then one could also use that as evidence in his/her arguments. “Historical context” is being aware of the historical setting and situation of a certain event, which means that political and social issues and conditions should also be noted. Context will show what is relevant and/or significant to the event....
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...The Marshall Plan and its Legacy The Marshall Plan, which pumped $13.3 billion into the European economy between 1948 and 1952, was probably the most effective piece of lasting cultural propaganda of the twentieth century, despite stiff opposition from the Nazis and the Rise and Fall of Soviet Communism, and the possible eventual winner of the Chinese version of Communism. Learning from the mistakes of the First World War, when the allies of America, principally France sabotaged Woodrow Wilson’s dream of a League of Nations, President Truman ensured that not only did Europe re-emerge as a strong economic force, but that American culture has been the dominant force in the world ever since . The Plan was named after the Secretary of State of the time, General George Catlett Marshall, who was army chief of staff in World War II, Secretary of State 1947–49, and Secretary of Defence from September 1950–September 1951. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1953 for launching the Marshall Plan for European economic recovery in June 1947. However, James Reston, among others has suggested that maybe the Acheson Plan would have been more appropriate name. Acheson was working in the State Department with Marshall and the internal memos certainly give a clearer indication of the aims of the plan than the rather toothless speech that Marshall made at Harvard in June 1947 to launch the program. An anonymous scribe in the Department outlined the aims of the programme succinctly...
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...GCE History |Contents |Page | | | | |Unit A2 1: Option 1, Anglo–Spanish Relations 1509–1609 |5 | |Unit A2 1: Option 2, Crown and Parliament in England 1600–1702 The Changing Role and |17 | |Status of Parliament | | | |37 | |Unit A2 1: Option 3, Liberalism and Nationalism 1815–1914 | | |Unit A2 1: Option 4, Nationalism and Unionism in Ireland 1800–1900 |51 | |Unit A2 1: Option 5, The Clash of Ideologies in Europe 1900–2000 |67 | Introduction CCEA has developed new GCE specifications for first teaching from September 2008. This scheme of work has been designed to support...
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...strengthen and protect Jews and the State o What problems faced Palestine in 1945 Civil disruption.‘ * Large numbers of Jews wanted to go to Palestine.’ * ‘The US was supporting a state of Israel.’ * ‘Should immigration be allowed?’ * ‘Campaigns of violence by the Irgun.’ Why did Britain decide to hand Palestine over to the United Nations * ‘It did not want to stay.’ * ‘Because of the cost.’ * ‘There was violence.’ * ‘Because of its view of Zionism.’ * ‘The pressure from the Irgun.’ * ‘Because of the guerrilla campaign. Explains why * ‘At the end of the war Britain was under great pressure to change its policy and allow in survivors of the holocaust. They refused and this brought about violent protest.’ * ‘The Irgun deliberately attacked and killed British soldiers including the explosion at the King David Hotel. The violence from the Irgun was intended to persuade the British to leave.’ * ‘Because the Arabs continued to block any proposals regarding partition.’ * ‘The British were finding it too expensive to keep large numbers of troops there, especially having just fought a costly war.’ How far was the war of 1948-49 a success for Israel * It was as the Arab armies were forced to accept defeat.’ * ‘A Jewish state was established.’...
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...and hedge funds. Closer scrutiny and regulation both of bonuses and hedge funds can help prevent future crises. Permanent solutions to the problems posed by ‘love of money’ however will come only from new models of education and persuasion. Keywords: Causes of the financial crisis JEL: 1 University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, e-mail paolo.paesani@uniroma2.it. A previous significantly different version of this paper has been published in Italian in Il Ritorno dell’Economia Politica , G. Bonifati and A. Simonazzi (Eds.) Donzelli Editore, 2010, Roma. I would like to thank Annalisa Rosselli and Matteo Formenti for their helpful suggestions and comments. The usual disclaimer applies. “Whereas modern theory serves as a simulacrum of the economy – stylised and abstract to be sure – Keynes theory is a diagnostic instrument in the service of Doctor Keynes, consulting economic physician” (Hoover 2006, p. 78) “I also want to emphasise strongly the point about economics being a moral science. [A science that]…deals with introspection and with values […] with motives, expectations, psychological uncertainties ” (Keynes 1938, CW 14, p. 400) “The love of money is the root of all evils” (1 Timothy 6:10) Introduction “The fact is – a fact not yet recognised by the great public – that we are now in the depth of a very sever international slump, a slump which will take its place in history amongst the most acute ever experienced. It will...
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...■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■I —^ The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Defense or any of its agencies. This document may not be released for open publication until it has been cleared by the appropriate military service or government agency. STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT •» BE THE REAGAN WAY: USING LEADERSHIP SKILLS FOR STRATEGIC SUCCESS BY LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILLIAM E. COBURN United States Air Force Reserve DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for Public Release. Distribution is Unlimited. USAWC CLASS OF 2000 U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE, CARLISLE BARRACKS, PA 17013-5050 " ■ "■"" "" 20000320 086 USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT THE REAGAN WAY: USING LEADERSHIP SKILLS FOR STRATEGIC SUCCESS by Lieutenant Colonel William E. Coburn U. S. Air Force Reserve Dr. Robert Murphy Project Advisor The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government, the Department of Defense, or any of its agencies. U.S. Army War College CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA 17013 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. ABSTRACT AUTHOR: TITLE: FORMAT: DATE: William E. Coburn The Reagan Way: Using Leadership Skills for Strategic Success Strategy Research Project 10 April 2000 PAGES: 22 CLASSIFICATION: Unclassified In spite of many critics who belittled...
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...Microeconomics: Prin., Apps, & Tools, 8e (O'Sullivan) TB1 Chapter 1 Introduction: What Is Economics? 1.1 What Is Economics? 1) Economics is best defined as the study of: A) financial decision-making. B) how consumers make purchasing decisions. C) the choices made by people faced with scarcity. D) inflation, unemployment, and economic growth. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: What Is Economics? Skill: Definition AACSB: Reflective Thinking Learning Outcome: Micro-1 2) Economics is the study of: A) how to invest in the stock market. B) how society uses limited resources. C) the role of money in markets. D) how government officials decide which goods and services are produced. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: What Is Economics? Skill: Conceptual AACSB: Reflective Thinking Learning Outcome: Micro-1 3) Scarcity can best be defined as a situation in which: A) there are no buyers willing to purchase what sellers have produced. B) there are not enough goods to satisfy all of the buyers' demand. C) the resources we use to produce goods and services are limited. D) there is more than enough money to satisfy consumers' wants. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: What Is Economics? Skill: Definition AACSB: Reflective Thinking Learning Outcome: Micro-1 4) An arrangement that allows buyers and sellers to exchange things is called: A) a contract. B) a market. C) money. D) efficient. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: What Is Economics? Skill: Definition AACSB:...
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...GBHN AND THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN INDONESIA Imam Subkhan Abstract After more than a decade Indonesia entered the New Reform era, there is now a desire among some politicians and intellectuals to revive the concept of the Guidelines (GBHN) to guide development planning as it was once used under the New Order regime. The desire was based on the view that the current development planning has led to much turmoil, collision and no sustainability. This paper describes the Guidelines used for development planning in the reform era called Long Term Development Plan (RPJMN) is somewhat similar to the Guidelines (GBHN) in the perspective of theory of modernization development. Therefore, chaos, development planning collision is actually not caused by the absence of the Guidelines itself, but rather on the changes of the state power system into more horizontal system so that no state agency is able to fully control the development planning from the center down to regions, something which was done well in the era of the New Order. Keywords: GBHN, RPJMN, Modernist, Development. During a political debate in Jakarta late March 2014, the 3rd President of Indonesia, BJ Habibie recalled the importance of having a Broad Guidelines of State Policy (GBHN) to be revived1. In late January 2014, at a meeting with Golkar Party cadres, Habibie also reminded the same thing. "We are aware, in the absence of such Guidelines the development in Indonesia will not run well on the long run. So, I want to...
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...examine how and why a continental-oriented China has shifted its maritime strategic orientation and naval force structure from its coast toward the far seas in an era of interdependent international system. Generally, China is an ancient continental land power with an incomplete oceanic awareness. With the transformation after the Cold War of China’s grand strategy from landward security to seaward security, maritime security interests have gradually become the most essential part of China’s strategic rationale. Undoubtedly, the quest for sea power and sea rights has become Beijing’s main maritime strategic issue. Given China’s escalating maritime politico-economic-military leverage in the Asia-Pacific region, its desire to become a leading sea power embodying global strategic thinking means that it must expand its maritime strategy by developing its navy and preparing for armed confrontation in terms of international relations realism. Conversely, Beijing’s maritime policy leads at the same time towards globalization, which involves multilateralism and strategic coexistence of a more pragmatic kind. This research analyses Chinese maritime strategy in the Asia-Pacific by asking: ‘Whither the Chinese maritime strategy in the ever changing Asia-Pacific security environment since the PRC was established in 1949?’ In general, contemporary China’s national security strategy is closely connected with its maritime strategy and with its comprehensive security plan for its economy, its energy...
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...Kruglyakov Rafael A. Rosillo Pasquale Siciliani Paul Lanois Gloria M. Gasso Kamel Ait El Hadj Yuanyuan Zheng Ana L. Marquez Pumthan Chaichantipyuth Wenzhen Dai Penn Law Summer 2006 I. Introduction and Historical Background A. What the course will cover? This is not an introductory course. You are all lawyers; I shall assume a good deal of professional expertise, and that many of you already have a body of knowledge about American law. The task: prepare you for the coming year, give you the basic grounding that you will need for the courses you are going to start taking in September. For this, you need two things: ♥ A great deal of basic factual information about how the courts and the legal system function, and about basic legal concepts (and legal vocabulary); ♥ But more importantly: background information about some of the critical ways in which the American legal system is unique, and differs from legal systems elsewhere in the world. This is hard: often you will find that your professors or fellow‐students will make assumptions or presuppose certain ways of doing things that aren’t explained in class. A large goal of this course is to explain those assumptions, and make them explicit. >> UNIQUENESS OF AMERICAN LEGAL SYSTEMS Briefly, there are four aspects of the American legal system that set it apart: 1) Inherited common law, existing ...
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......................................................................... Working through the Course.............................................. Course Materials................................................................ Study Units........................................................................ Textbooks and References.................................................. Assessment.......................................................................... Tutor Marked Assignments (TMA)................................... Final Examination and Grading.......................................... Course Marking Scheme..................................................... Course Overview/Presentation Schedule............................ How to get the most from this Course................................ Tutors and...
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