...person. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. The terms infectious and contagious are also used to describe communicable disease” (Global Health, 2015). One of the most common known communicable disease is Influenza, commonly known as the flu. According to the American Journal for Microbiology, Influenza can send more than 200,000 people to the hospital a year, while having death as an end result from the flu or from flu-related complications (JVI, 2015). There are various environmental factors that are related to the flu, while having an influence by lifestyles, socioeconomic statuses as well as disease management. From all of this the public health department is trying to not only reduce the threats that are caused by influenza, but the data and evidence-based interventions are a start to a plan in ensuring quality health. Influenza and Efforts to Control it Influenza or the Flu, is a contagious illness that affects the respiratory system. It comes in forms of mild to severe, with the unfortunate ending sometimes resulting in death. The best prevention and control of the flu is to get vaccinated. The flu has caused three pandemics in the 20th century with one in the 21st century, as reported by Global Health in 2015. The best way to control influenza from going from an outbreak to a pandemic is to get vaccinated. There are various different options that people can take to receive the...
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...appropriate conclusions), and exposure assessment and social science disciplines (to better understand proximate and distal risk factors, and their measurement). I would like to discuss elderly patients as my vulnerable population. There is no set age at which a person maybe under the care of a geriatric physician. The physician aims to promote health by preventing disease and disabilities in geriatric adults. A gerontologist specializes in the aging process. Adult medicine differs from the geriatric patient because the focus is on the elderly patient. The decline in physiological reserve in organs makes the elderly develop some kinds of diseases and have more complications from mild problems such as dehydration from the stomach flu, or confusion related to the dehydration. In many cases the confusion can lead to a fall which the elderly patient could end up with a fractured hip or femur. This would many times need surgical...
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...generally their families support the notion, that the more the merrier at least where I come from, giving me an audience of 15 children under 18yrs old and their parents. I choose to do my presentation at the family setting because the teens in the family and their parents have a greater concern for how to control infection at this time of the year as it is a major factor in preventing the spread of germs and viruses that cause diseases. And again, I plan to do it on a group of family and close friends given that charity begins at home. This will be more appropriate because of the stomach flu that was going around, and most of my niece and nephews and friends’ teens got it, hence my choice of setting to teach. The other factor that I have considered is that it is the stomach flu season and therefore it is the appropriate time to do my teaching on this topic to benefit our teenagers by enlighten them and their parents on how to prevent the spread or getting of the stomach flu. I I intend to obtain my material online resources such as the CDC website, Univ. of Michigan site and the Mayo clinic site. As this websites they great updates on current flu demographics and updates for approved flu vaccines and when to be vaccinated. Presenting my teaching to this targeted population, will be a good idea because I have known them almost all their lives and I have literally been a babysitter for almost all my friends and relative’s teens at some point in their lives. That gives me...
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...of my life. Even though you may not be able to see the illness in someone that doesn’t mean that there is nothing wrong with them. It could be any type of illness such as a nervous system disorder or disease. People can’t always see or tell if it is there but it is and people just don’t know it. Children with dysautonomia need more help than what they get now. The invisible illnesses that go unnoticed in children and don’t get publicity are multiplying. Publicity comes with illnesses that are common and known such as cancer. The funding and awareness for illnesses that you can’t see such as dysautonomia, Shy-Drager syndrome, and more are lacking. The treatments for children are behind from where they could be. There are many children are diagnosed with these invisible illnesses such as dysautonomia and other nervous system disorders that you can’t see. Dysautonomia is a serious disease of the autonomic nervous system. The percentage of being an affected individual dysautonomia is a twenty-five percent chance. Also there is a fifty percent chance of being a carrier. (Shohat) There is information on dysautonomia that shows in some people for than others. The information that has been gathered on these disorders in children should be known to the world. Data reported suggested a form of dysautonomia in patients with CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome. (Goldstein) Children that have been affected with this disease have a lot of stress and illness in their life. Dysautonomia affects your...
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...conclusion that race must be considered in college admissions because race puts many obstacles in the path of success for minorities, a more diverse campus will help to end segregation and stigma while better preparing students for their field, and that Affirmative Action does not affect admissions as much as athletics and legacy do. As previously stated, race creates obstacles for minorities trying to achieve their goals. Just as it is more impressive for a flu ridden runner to win a race than a healthy one, it is more impressive for a disadvantaged minority to score highly on a standardized test than a privileged white child. Many critics of Affirmative Action argue that the real obstacle comes from the school attended...
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...HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a particular virus that can only infect humans. HIV weakens your immune system by destroying important cells that fight disease and infection. A deficient immune system does not have the ability to protect you without medication. The virus can only reproduce itself by taking over a cell in the body of its host. HIV is similar to other virus like the common cold or the flu; the big difference is that your body cannot rid the HIV virus like the flu. Once you have HIV, you have it for life. The virus invades yours cells, replicates itself and destroys the cell. Once you cells are destroyed it longer has the ability to defend itself. AIDS is the syndrome after you immune system has become deficient or basically stopped working. AIDS is a collection of symptoms and signs, rather than a single disease, because it is a complex illness with a wide range of complications and symptoms. Before addressing the virus, AIDS it is important to understand that HIV is the first stage of the disease and then as the disease becomes worse, it progresses into AIDS. HIV is not an airborne virus or a bacteria that can be transmitted in the water instead it is passed from person to person through bodily fluids. These bodily fluids can be anything from blood to vaginal secretions and there is currently not a vaccine to protect the public so being informed is key to protecting oneself from the virus. The most common...
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... Abstract Anthrax is a life threatening disease that harms not only animals, but humans as well. There are several types of anthrax and many different types of treatments to help cure them. Although some who are infected with anthrax do not always survive. Anthrax is not common in the U.S. but it does sometimes occur. Anthrax is nationally discussed in most of today’s disease trends. Disease in the News Following the 1998 reports of a series of bioterrorist threats of anthrax exposure, the public health implications of these threats were investigated to assist in developing national public health guidelines for responding to bioterrorism. The U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed interim guidelines for managing anthrax in 2001. What follows is a summary of the investigational findings and subsequently published CDC guidelines for public health authorities regarding anthrax-related acts of bioterrorism (Matteucci, 2011). Anthrax is a life threatening infectious disease that normally affects animals, especially ruminants (such as goats, cattle, sheep, and horses. Anthrax can be transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals or their products. Anthrax is now rare in humans in the United States and developed countries. In recent years anthrax has received a great deal of attention as it has become clear that the infection can also be spread by a bioterrorist attack or by biological warfare. Anthrax does not spread from person to...
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...Diseases THEIR TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL This project is designed to inform or further the reader’s knowledge about the different diseases and how they are transmitted and can be controlled. Therefore, it is divided into three (3) major sections. These sections includes: water borne diseases, food borne diseases and air borne diseases. These subtopics will go into further details as to make it simpler for your understanding. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WATER BOURNE DISEASES FOOD BOURNE DISEASES AIR BOURNE DISEASES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First I would like to thank the Lord who is the head of my life who has given me the strength, courage, and inspiration in completing this assessment. I would also like to thank my teacher who has helped me in every step of the way. I would also like to thank my friends and family, specifically my parents who has provided the necessary resources needed to complete this assessment and also in giving me the ongoing encouragement and assistance. Once again I say thank you. WATER BOURNE DISEASES HOOKWORM Hookworm is an intestinal parasite of humans. The larvae and adult worms live in the small intestine can cause intestinal disease. The two main species of hookworm infecting humans are Anclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Hookworm eggs are passed in the faeces of an infected person. If an infected person defecates outside (near bushes, in a garden, or field) or if the faeces from an infected person are used as fertilizer...
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...Western Lowland Gorillas By Tara Ventres Axia Collage of University of Phoenix SCI/230 Introduction to Life Science JoAnne Massi October 23, 2009 Introduction: When I was around 14, I saw one of the best movies. The movie was Gorillas in The Mist, starting Sigourney Weaver as Dian Fossey. It was one of the most impressive movies of my life. My step-mother at the time notice how must I liked the movie and game me her very well torn copy of Gorillas in the Mist to read. I still have that book and since the first time I read it, I have been fascinated with these great apes. This is way I believe they deserve funding to help them off of the endangered species list. Western Lowland Gorillas: The scientific name for gorilla is Gorilla gorilla gorilla. (Comos, 2008) The word gorilla is derived from ancient Greek language meaning a tribe of hairy women. In Greek the word is pronounced Gorillia. Hanno the Navigator, a Carthaginian navigator was believed to be a visitor to the area that is now Sierra Leone. Hanno descried the gorillas as a tribe of hairy women. The gorillas can be found today in places like Southern Cameroon, Southwest corner of Central Africa Republic, West Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and south to the Cabinda enclaves of Angola...
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...meaning and significance of economics. Distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Explain various types of economic choices and to appreciate the concept of opportunity cost. Understand the marginal concepts and how they relate to rational choices. Construct, interpret a production possibility curve and understand its significance within the micro and macro perspectives. Describe economic efficiency. Understand the importance of ceteris paribus assumption. Distinguish between positive and normative statements. TUTORIAL EXERCISES. Question 1 In a paper written by Bentley College economists Patricia M. Flynn and Michael A. Quinn, the authors state: We find evidence that Economics is a good choice of major for those aspiring to become a CEO. When adjusting for size of the pool of graduates, those with undergraduate degrees in Economics are shown to have had a greater likelihood of becoming an S&P 500 CEO than any other major. A list of famous economics majors published by Marietta College includes business leaders Warren Buffet, Donald Trump and Diane von Furstenberg. Why might studying economics be particularly good preparation for being the top manager of a corporation or a leader in government? Question 2 In a mixed economy, does the government decide what goods and services should be produced? Briefly discuss the reasons for your answer. 1|Page Question 3 Explain which of the following statements...
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...what reasons. The cost to vaccinate a child from birth to eighteen has risen from one hundred dollars in1986 to $2,192 (Rosenthal). Vaccine manufacturing is a huge business with a vested interest in mandating vaccines. The decision to vaccinate should be left to the patient and parents, not the government or vaccine manufacturers. Data shows that even before vaccines most of the diseases we vaccinate for were on the decline (Obomsawin). Childhood illness rates have been on a steady increase over the last few decades. As the childhood vaccination list grows, so does the steady increase in asthma, diabetes, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and autism (Fisher “In the Wake of”). In a retrospective study of children under the age of one, who had the DPT shot delayed by four months showed to have reduced the incidence of asthma by six percent on average (McDonald et al. 628). Parents and health care providers need to ask how much...
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...Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment, and Future Challenges. The article when it was written gave a through explanation to anyone who really didn’t know what Anthrax is all about. Sad to some people Anthrax is not a Heavy Metal from the 80’s. Anthrax is an often serious and fatal bacterial infection that occurs when Bacillus anthracis endospores enter the body through abrasions in the skin or by inhalation or ingestion. ("Anthrax", 2013). Anthrax can be found in soil in the natural sense and routinely affects wild-life around the world. Although it is rare, people can get ill with anthrax if they come in contact with infected or tarnished animals and its products. Severe illness can happen in both humans and animals if they get in contact with anthrax. The bacteria is not contagious, which means you still can’t get anthrax like the common cold or flu. As far as treatment goes the article does talk about how to treat the disease. There are several alternatives, including antibiotics and antitoxin, which doctors have for treating patients with anthrax. Unfortunately, the more serious case of anthrax, patients will need to be hospitalized. A more aggressive treatment may be required, such as a steady amount fluid drainage and assisted breathing through mechanical ventilation. Antibiotics, including intravenous antibiotics (which is medicine given through the vein) can be used to treat all types of anthrax infection. It is very important to get...
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...“Climate is the average state of the atmosphere and the underlying land or water in a particular region over a particular time scale.” (Ebi. pg. 1319) Climate change can affect people in poverty. It impacts human health and can cause long term effects on your life. Climate Change can cause air borne diseases, waterborne illnesses your body to change temperatures, mental health issues, and even cause fires. Poverty also increases the risk of human health due to climate change. People in poverty do not have enough money to afford heat or air conditioning. They also do not have money for good health care when they become sick. They often barely have enough money to afford over the counter prescriptions. The cost of doctors fees can be hard...
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...Spinal Meningitis Meningitis instantly can strike and the impact of that strike can forever last a lifetime. Meningitis is the inflammation and infection of the meninges that surround your brain and spinal cord. It can cause the tissues around the brain to swell and could be life threatening. In this research paper I will discuss the different kinds of meningitis and how they affect you. Meningitis is a dangerous infection because the brain is so delicate and fragile. Meningitis can advance very quickly because of the infection around the brain and spinal cord. This infection can be bacterial, viral or fungal. People and children under the age of 20 are at a higher risk. The antibiotics given are very strong and powerful and often can...
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...HIV Epidemiology J**** A******* Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V August 2, 2014 HIV Epidemiology Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus spread through body fluids that affects specific cells of the immune system, called CD4 cells, or T cells. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body can’t fight off infections and disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2015). HIV is spread when certain body fluids from an infected HIV individual: blood, semen (cum), pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk; are transmitted through a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the bloodstream. It is only under these specific conditions that HIV can be transmitted, it is not spread from causal contact with an infected individual. Early signs and symptoms include: fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, and a diffuse rash. In the progression of HIV, these symptoms worsen and additional symptoms include: localized infections, lymphadenopathy, nervous system manifestations, and the presence of oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush). Other infections that can also occur include: shingles, persistent vaginal candida infections, outbreaks of oral or genital herpes, bacterial infections, and Kaposi sarcoma (KS). The biggest complication of HIV is the progression of the infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Numerous...
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