...Elivin Stephenson Ms. Gardner Anatomy and Physiology 12-2-14 Osteoporosis The human body made up structure almost entirely of bones. Bones are important parts of the human body. Healthy bone give a lot to the overall health. Bones can also get infections and diseases just like other body parts. Diseases like bone cancer and osteoporosis are the more serious and researched on. This paper showcases the disease osteoporosis by finding out it its causes, symptoms, testing,treatment and prevention. Osteoporosis is a common disease that usually meets older women. The disease is characterized by a loss in bone density over time. Bone strength is measured by the bone mineral density , also called the bone mass. Persons suffering from osteoporosis have low bone mass. [pic] Fig 1. This Picture shows empty and hollow a victim of Osteoporosis compared to someone who does not. (WebMD 1) Osteoporosis is known well as it is called a silent disease. It takes a long time and test for the disease to show up on a doctors radar. As bones weaken,the risk of sudden and unexpected bone fractures increases. Woman 50 and older have many fractures around their hip and wrist within this age group. Even though Osteoporosis is more common in women, it does not matter how old you are age or sex is, osteoporosis can affect you. There are not really visible signs of Osteoporosis. Some victims will notice a loss of height or a Dowager's hump( An abnormal outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae...
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...Osteoporosis P1 Explanation of the condition Osteoporosis is a bone condition in which the bones become very brittle and weak, usually from a lack of vitamin D and calcium in the bones. Osteoporosis increases the risk of a bone fracture. It is a condition that affects almost 3 million people who live in the UK. Over 300,00 people who have osteoporosis are in hospital every year from fractures caused by osteoporosis. (http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Osteoporosis/Pages/Introduction.aspx/accessed on 13th December 2015) https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRlYCA4Mm1Mtu_adX98fE_fTtEqOFOmKhbEwE-Jvl4kOE2Tj03cjg Causes of the physiological disorder When we are children, our bones tend to grow and repair very easily but this works but the density of our bones continues until we reach our late twenties or early thirties. Then our bone density will start to decrease. Bone loss tends to happen when women start the menopause because they stop getting their periods. When women stop getting their periods, the level of oestrogen in their body stops and people need it in their body to have healthy bones. This means women are more likely than men to develop osteoporosis or suffer from a fracture. In men, it has been known that the risk of them developing osteoporosis relates to the low levels of testosterone in their bodies which they need for healthy bones. Although bone loss is the main cause of osteoporosis, there are many other factors that increase your risk of developing...
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...Submit your document by the due date listed in your syllabus. Submission should be through the ASUN Portal. Upload your completed document—make sure the file you upload and mark as final has your answers typed in it! Note: You must UPLOAD the document and MARK AS FINAL for it to be properly “turned in” through the Portal. 7. Participate in the Class Discussions of this Case Study—this will be completed on the Discussion Forums page within the ASUN Portal. 8. Email me if you have any questions. The Skeletal System - Aging and Disease The skeletal system is required for nearly every body movement. It also supports the body at rest, protects vital organs, and produces blood cells. However, like any other system, it is susceptible to disease. Different diseases become more (or less) likely as the body ages. A few common diseases include scoliosis, arthritis, and osteoporosis Scoliosis Scoliosis is defined as an “s” or “c” shaped spinal curvature. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence, partially due puberty, a biological time period which causes abnormal growth spurts to the skeletal system. Pre-existing conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy may contribute to scoliosis, although the primary cause remains to be identified. Typically, scoliosis is formally diagnosed after an x-ray examining the spinal column has been performed. Children may require additional...
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...Osteoporosis A chronic disease is a prolonged illness that does not resolve spontaneously and is rarely cured (Donatelle, 2011, p. 353). There are many horrible, chronic diseases that affect a great deal of adults, but one of the worse is Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition that, although progresses painlessly, causes the bones to become fragile and break very easily. It is caused by calcium leaving the bones faster than it should, and causes lower bone density, thus more fractures. Calcium is a mineral that gives the bones strength, and can be found in dairy products, broccoli, turnip greens, tofu, eggs, and fish like salmon or sardines eaten with the bones. Bone density is the measure of how strong bones are, and low bone density is the cause of Osteoporosis. Most commonly, wrist, hip, and spine factures happen as a result of this disease, but it can also cause hospitalization, surgery, life-long disability, or even death. Osteoporosis affects 1 out of every 2 women over the age of 50, and is 4 time more likely to affect a woman than it is a man ("Www.Powerflexweb.com", 2013). There are many factors that play into whether this disease will impact a person’s life, some are modifiable, some are not. Family history, estrogen deficiency, ethnicity, and body frame are all non-modifiable, or unchangeable, risk factors. A risk factor is any detail, in a person’s life, that will affect the chances of them getting a certain disease. Even though there are some factors that...
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...Our body in an amazing structure. Each system has a unique set of demands and helps to maintain life. Unfortunately, our magnificent homeostasis-maintaining bodies can also be wracked by disease. Today we are going to discuss our bone system, osteoporosis and treatment for osteoporosis. Let's begin. The 206 bones in our body have a big job. They are responsible for keeping out structure, movement, protection, mineral storage and blood cell production. These bones provide the structure to which the muscles and ligament cling, maintaining posture. By providing the structure bones also allow for cohesive movement. Along with structure and movement the bones of the cranial cavity, ribs and spinal column provide a wall of protection around our brain, organs and spinal...
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...function. Bone structure is vital as the human body rests on a framework made of bones. Healthy bones contribute to the overall health of an individual and a fully functional skeletal system is vital to physical health. Bones can get infections and other diseases just like any other part or organ of the human body. These illnesses can range from bone cancers to the degenerative bone disease of osteoporosis. This paper presents the disease of osteoporosis by defining it, and outlining its causes, symptoms, testing and diagnosis, and treatment. Bones consist of living tissue and are constantly being broken down and replaced. Bone building cells called osteoblasts help to build and strengthen bones while bone cells called osteoclasts role is to reabsorb bone cells. This process is constant throughout one’s lifetime. Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by reduced bone strength that makes it more vulnerable to fracture. Bone strength is measured by establishing bone mineral density (BMD), which is also called bone mass. People suffering from osteoporosis have low bone mass. Osteoporosis is a significant health problem that affects more than 25 million people in the United States alone. 80% of those affected by osteoporosis are women. (Melton) Osteoporosis is most prevalent in women 50 years and older. Osteoporosis is also responsible for numerous fractures around bones such as vertebrae, hip, and femur. (Brunner, Eshilian-Oates) Osteoporosis has no single cause. Bone health is attributed...
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...who rarely exercises and drinks coffee everyday. This patient also, has concerns that she is at risk for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic bone disease. It occurs when the development of new bone does not keep up with the removal of the old bone because bone tissue is constantly being broken down and replaced. This disease is often undertreated and overlooked because it’s usually not known until the patient acquires a fracture. This disease is found more in elderly Caucasian women, than any other sex or race. The patient will have a low bone mass and a deterioration of bone tissue which increases the chances of bone fractures. The most common fractures related to osteoporosis occur in the hip, wrist, or spine. Patients can also have an unknown fracture without having to fall due to the weak bones. General risk factors: There are typically no symptoms found in early stages but pain may occur over time of weakened bones. There are...
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...Osteoporosis is a daunting thing to ruminate about, and it makes me reflect of elder years to come…Yikes! Osteoporosis is generally a disease affecting the back; however, it can also affect your wrists, upper arms, and femur! Although, there are risk factors you can guard for. Precluding osteoporosis is possible. I also found some interesting facts that are both reassuring and accommodating if I should discover that I do have osteoporosis. I am a woman under the age of when osteoporosis is most likely to start; however, I am not far-off from it, so my exploration on this subject was an eye opener. I injured my L4 and L5 four times now, and now suffer from chronic lower back pain. Even though the thought of dealing with osteoporosis from my back pain is heart sinking, research shows my back issues are not a risk factor; although, my mother having osteoporosis is....
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...Osteoporosis Osteoporosis (OS-tee-oh-poh-ROH-sis) is a disease of the bones. Osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease. People with osteoporosis have bones that are weak and break easily. Everyone has cells that remove old bone and other cells that rebuild new bone. This ongoing process is part of what keeps your bones strong. When you have postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone-removing cells cause you to lose bone at a rate that is too fast. The result is thinner, weaker bones that can break more easily. In women, bone loss increases after menopause. In the 5 to 7 years after menopause, you can lose up to 20 percent of your bone mass—leaving you at risk for fracture. Researchers estimate that about 1 out of 5 American women over the age of 50 have osteoporosis. About half of all women over the age of 50 will have a fracture of the hip, wrist, or vertebra . (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001400/ ) Osteoporosis affects all bones in the body. However, breaks are most common in the hip, wrist, and spine, also called vertebrae (VUR-tuh-bray). Vertebrae support your body, helping you to stand and sit up. Osteoporosis in the vertebrae can cause serious problems for women. A fracture in this area occurs from day-to-day activities like climbing stairs, lifting objects, or bending forward. Signs of osteoporosis include sloping shoulders, curve in the back, height loss, back pain, hunched posture and a protruding abdomen. [pic] (http://www.womenshealth...
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...though she does not have to wear the traditional dress, Abir comes from a very strong cultural and religious family and she wishes to live her life according to the Koran by wearing the jilbab/abaya, which are the long, loosely-fitted garments worn by Muslim women to cover the shape of their bodies. They are often worn in combination with the hijab or niqab. Patrick is an elderly gentleman who is an insulin dependent Diabetic. Patrick has been living on his own since his wife died three years ago. However, he has become rather forgetful and has not been adhering to his diet or taking his medication regularly and ended up in hospital in a diabetic coma. His family is pleased because they have secured a place for him in a nearby nursing home. Jasmin is 17 years old and is currently studying for her A-levels. She is so busy with her course work, often working late into the night, that she is not eating regular meals, relying rather on a lot of snacks that she eats in her bedroom, not having time to enjoy meals with her family. Peter is 45 years old and works in the city in the Banking industry. He has been having a lot of discomfort recently and has been to his GP complaining of abdominal pain, bloating, bouts of diarrhoea and constipation. The GP referred Peter to a gastroenterologist, who has informed him that there is no apparent abnormality in his bowel. The consultant diagnosed Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Assess how influences on dietary intake may affect the nutritional...
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...Skeletal.eap3am 8/20/02 1:20 PM Page 50 50 The Body Systems: Clinical and Applied Topics The Skeletal System 6 The skeletal framework of the body is composed of at least 206 bones and the associated tendons, ligaments, and cartilages. The skeletal system has a variety of important functions, including the support of soft tissues, blood cell production, mineral and lipid storage, and, through its relationships with the muscular system, the support and movement of the body as a whole. Skeletal system disorders can thus affect many other systems. The skeletal system is in turn influenced by the activities of other systems. For example, weakness or paralysis of skeletal muscles will lead to a weakening of the associated bones. Although the bones you study in the lab may seem rigid and permanent structures, the living skeleton is dynamic and undergoing continual remodeling. The remodeling process involves bone deposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. As indicated in Figure A-16, the net result of the remodeling varies depending on: 2. The applied physical stresses: Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger, and lightly stressed bones become thinner and weaker. Skeletal weakness can therefore result from muscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (p. 66) or the muscular dystrophies (p. 65), and conditions that affect CNS motor neurons, such as spinal cord injuries (p. 75), demyelination disorders (p. 72), or multiple sclerosis (pp. 72, 82). 3....
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...Bradley Kingery & Malik Barber 2/14/16 BIO 103-AC01 Professor John Law The Skeletal System Osteoporosis Summary Osteoporosis is a disease that makes bones fragile and more susceptible to fracture over time. It occurs when your body is losing bone cells faster than it can produce them, causing the bones to thin. It effects about half of all women over age 65, and close to one-fifth of men over 70. The most common injury in osteoporosis is ‘dowager’s hump,’ which is caused by the collapsing of the bones of the spine. This causes the curvature of the spine that the disease is so infamous for. Other common injuries include forearm fractures, knee fractures, and hip fractures which are often disabling and sometimes even fatal. On average, the United States spends around $14 billion on osteoporosis every year, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation. Many people think of bones as hard, stone-like objects. Bones are actually living, growing tissue made up of cells that are constantly being lost and replaced. There are three major components that form bones and keep them strong: calcium, collagen, and living bone cells. Collagen is a protein that gives bone flexibility, calcium keeps them strong and solid, while living bone cells are constantly replacing old ones. Many people wonder how bone grows if it is constantly being lost and replaced. The answer is that children and teenagers actually form new bone faster than they lose old bone. Even when teens have...
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...The average child spends six and a half hours a day at school, eight hours sleeping, a few hours of bus time, and an hour to get ready in the morning. This leaves children approximately four hours of time awake at home. So children are spending more time at school than home during the five day school week. With that in mind one would hope schools are providing a nutritionally, as well as educationally, sound environment for children to develop. Unfortunately, as long soft drinks are in schools they are not. Permitting soft drinks to be readily available to students is detrimental to their health in several areas of concern: growing obesity trends; weakening of the bones; and of course there are several other concerning area. Overall, the consumption of soft drinks should be limited by everyone, especially children, and the first place to start is by eliminating the option at school. Fizz Weight In today’s society one is fixated on bigger is better and moderation has lost its way. “During the past 40 years, the obesity rate for children ages 6 to 11 has more than quadrupled (from 4.2 percent to 17 percent). And for adolescents ages 12 to 19, it has more than tripled (from 4.6 percent to 17.6 percent)” (Keeping Kids Healthy). Soft drinks fall into the top of the food pyramid, which means they should be consumed very seldom. With moderation thrown out the window consumption of soft drinks are high and so are the obesity rates. The distribution of soft drinks in schools should...
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...Module 6: Hormones Question 1: Alice is a 70 year old woman with low vitamin D levels who recently broke a hip. She has osteoporosis. She was given several medications to try to improve bone density, however, they were unsuccessful as she could not tolerate the medications. What hormone might she be given to treat the osteoporosis? How does this medication help? How would this be effected by a low TSH? Osteoporosis is a disease in which excessive loss of calcium from the bones occur without adequate replacement, due to the calcium loss bones become weak and are more likely to break (Scanlon & Saunders, pg 129b). Estrogen is classified as a sex hormone but it is also essential for female bone health because it promotes the activity of osteoblasts. Estrogen supplementation is a form of hormone replacement therapy that is approved by the FDA in the treatment of osteoporosis because it slows down bone loss and increases bone density. Estrogen supplementation may lower TSH levels in women with hypothyroidism triggering hypothyroid symptoms, such as low energy and feeling tired, sluggish, and cold, or to put them at risk for regrowth of thyroid cancer. While using estrogen supplements patients thyroid panel should be monitored routinely and doses of thyroid hormone medication adjusted appropriately. Question 2: Darren is a 15 year old, tall for his age, but he wants to build more muscle. He decides that he will eat only protein foods, because he says, “muscle is protein, so...
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...Human Body System Research Skeletal System Functions: The Skeletal system performs vital functions; supports movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation. That enables the human body to survive. Main Parts / Structures and Functions: The skeleton is divided into two major parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and includes skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs. Example of Cell Specialization: Osteoprogenitor Cells: Osteoprogenitor cells are immature cells that are mainly based in the bone marrow (a soft fatty substance in the...
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