...speech, language and communication needs- are additional or special needs that affect a person’s ability to communicate and interact effectively with others. 1.2 Explain how speech, language and communication skills support each of the following areas in children's development: Learning: • Babies use sounds and facial expressions to communicate needs and express themselves. • Toddlers...
Words: 2679 - Pages: 11
...Social Cognition ECE: 353 Cognitive Development of Infants and Young Children Instructor: Sandi Levinson August 14, 2012 Social Cognition Social cognition refers to the awareness of one’s own and other people’s mental states (i.e., acquiring a theory of mind), including emotions, motives, desires and feelings. Socio-cognitive skills, such as the ability to understand, describe and predict people’s mental states, allow children to develop a strong social cognition (Moore, 2010). Developing social and cognitive awareness is especially important during infancy to prepare children to interact properly with the social world prior to school entry. For example, it is through group activities that children gradually learn the importance of sharing. This crucial ability originates from children’s understanding that other children may have a desire to play with the same toys (Moore,2010). Along the same line, recent evidence indicates that children’s socio-cognitive skills may have a direct impact on the quality of their relationships and school success. Children with a more developed social cognition tend to be better communicators, socially competent, popular with peers, happier at school, and academically more advanced. In contrast, those with poor social cognition are more likely to have difficulty making the transition to school, to react more violently in face of harsh parenting, and to experience difficulties in school that may be misread as conduct problems...
Words: 2221 - Pages: 9
...Research Project by Diane Higgins To Dr. Belinda Hartnett Research Methods – RES 531 Section 013 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education Strayer University Washington, D.C. June 19, 2011 Chapter One: Introduction I. Topic Selected: As a teacher, one of my passions is to make sure that all of my students are able to learn and understand what is being taught to them. Sometimes this process is hindered when the only learning for some students goes on at school. I am a strong believer that students need assistance when they get home from school, so I decided to research on how parental involvement can affect student achievement. II. Description of Topic: Parental involvement plays an important part in a child’s life, not only during the early years, but throughout the school years as well. Parents who play an active role in the education of their child will have greater opportunities to motivate their children to behave more and strive for greatness. Self- esteem may rise as a result of positive reinforcement. An involved parent will also know when his child is misbehaving and be able to correct the problem before it gets out of hand and becomes a regular habit. With proper parental involvement, a child is less likely to feel the need to lash out and misbehave for much needed attention; they'll already be getting the attention in a much healthier way. Parental involvement also gives the student extra practice on the skills learned...
Words: 4484 - Pages: 18
...Section A: Knowledge of the Developmental Milestones During middle childhood, children’s play undergoes several changes, the most obvious of which is children engage in games with rules. These rule-oriented games include informally organized games as well as formally organized sports, such as little league, club or intramural sports. The former category may be variants on popular sports games, well-known childhood games such as red rover, and invented games that children develop on their own. The principal commonality is that these games have a set of rules and often have multiple roles for players. While informal outdoor play allows children to develop rules and try out multiple scenarios, formal, organized sports allows children to learn rules, appreciate their personal skills, and develop their position on a team. Both types of rule-oriented games are important for developing social competencies and enhanced cognitive capabilities. This milestone develops as children begin to develop more improved motor coordination, a better capacity for information processing, and a heightened social maturity (Berk, 2007, p. 294). The physical skills at play in rule-oriented games include flexibility, balance, agility, and force, reflective of increased muscle strength. All four of these are basic motor capacities which become more refined with the gross motor development of middle childhood. Additionally, children’s enhanced capacity for information processing and gains in reaction time and...
Words: 4303 - Pages: 18
...Article review: Raver, C. C. (2003). Young Children’s Social Emotional Development and School Readiness. Champaign, IL. University of Illinois. Santrock, J. W. (2010) Children, 11th edition. New York, NY. Mcgraw Hill. The social emotional development of the child plays a huge part of how the child will adjust to a school setting which will end up playing a part in every aspect of the child’s life now and as the child becomes an adult. The article shows us through various researches that there are several options on helping children from all different levels adjust. Having a high-quality experience in education, their social and emotional aspects of life will affect the children in a positive light and that child can be expected to live a successful life wherever they may go. In turn a non-balanced, stressful, and challenged child’s experience will not only affect their education portion of school but the social and emotional aspect as well. The emotional adjustment is a very important part of the child’s relationships with the teacher as well as the students. The child’s relationships will affect the whole educational process. Children who do not have a good rapport tend to have behavioral disturbances and educational downfalls. Those children commonly become our bully’s, delinquent’s, and school drop-outs. When behavior begins to go sour there are actions that the parents and school can take to reduce the downward spiral in the child’s life. Not often will the school...
Words: 561 - Pages: 3
...TELEVISION INTRODUCTION Educators hoped that TV would serve as a window of knowledge for children. They hoped that it would broaden their knowledge by exposing them to various learning experiences, and help them learn about different cultures. Educators’ thought that TV would play a vital role in preparing preschoolers physically and psychologically for school. In contrast, today the effect of television on children has become a growing concern to many educators’ due to its effect on children’s behavior, health, and cognitive development and learning. We do not deny the TV holds many benefits to children if used properly and under adequate supervision of adults. Yet, we cannot deny its negative effects of TV. In this article we will talk about the negative effect of TV, and how it affects children, while on the same time mentioning its positive effects. We will first discusses the amount of time children spend in front of their TV sets, We will then move talk about how TV affects children’s behavior, health, cognitive development, and learning. We will also try to highlight the reasons behind children spending extended hours in front of their TV sets. Finally, we will try to suggest some solutions to this issue and how can we mitigate the negative effect of TV on children. The Amount of Time Children Spend In Front Of Their TV Sets Children in their early developmental stages are very fragile and vulnerable physically and emotionally .they fail to distinguish between what is right and...
Words: 2739 - Pages: 11
...01/02/2012 Chapter 6 Interacting and the Work of Play Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood (Pp. 197 – 231) 1 Parenting (P. 198) • Learning Objectives: – Discuss the primary dimensions of parenting and the ways that parenting might affect children’s development. – Identify factors that contribute to child abuse. 2 Dimensions and Styles of Parenting (Pp. 198 – 199) • Parenting can be viewed through the dimension of warmth and responsiveness. – Children of warm parents feel secure, happy, and are more well-behaved. – Children of hostile or uninvolved parents may be anxious and less controlled. 3 1 01/02/2012 Cultural Differences in Warmth and Control (Pp. 199 – 200) 4 Parenting Styles (P. 200) 5 Parenting Styles (P. 200) 6 2 01/02/2012 Parenting Styles (P. 200) • Styles of parenting have different effects on children’s development. – Authoritative parents’ children tend to be more responsible, self-reliant, and friendly. – Authoritarian parents’ children have lower selfesteem and are less skilled socially. – Children of indulgent-permissive parents are often impulsive and easily frustrated. – Children of indifferent-uninvolved parents often have low self-esteem, and are aggressive, impulsive, and moody. 7 Parenting Styles Figure 6.1 (P. 200) 8 Parental Behaviour (Pp. 200 – 202) • Parents who use direct instruction tell children what to do, and when and why. – Most powerful...
Words: 1398 - Pages: 6
...The Social Context of Childhood Describe and analyse how social factors impact upon children and young people and consider how your setting and practice responds to it. The concept about the nature of childhood has changed in significant ways over time. According to James & Prout (1997) the beginning of the twentieth century has marked what they refer to as 'Century of Child'. This is the time when children were acknowledged as the future of every country. Serious attention was paid to things such as children’s health and education. Also many campaigns were formed to relieve child poverty, which led to the first major success of the Family Allowances Act (1946). This act offered a regular sum for second and subsequent children to be paid to the mother, raising the living standards of children and providing a better quality of life. However over the years particular attention has been paid to the environment that children live and the impact that it has upon their development and life chances. Bronfrebnner (1979) looks at the environment as a layered complex where each layer has an effect on child’s development and life chances. He believed that interaction between factors in the child’s maturing biology, his immediate family/community environment, and the social background fuels and directs his development. Bronfrebnner (1979) continues that modifications or conflict in any one layer of child’s environment will flow through other layers. Furthermore Paquette...
Words: 3508 - Pages: 15
...Socioeconomic status (SES) affects the personalities, parent to child interactions, and learning capabilities of children. Generally, it is measured based upon education, income, place of residence, and occupation of the individual. Many research studies have found a direct correlation between the development of a child and the socioeconomic status of their family. The way in which socioeconomic status is measured determines whether someone is from a low or high SES family. Childhood development starts at around 2 years old and ends at about 11 years old. According to Jean Piaget, child psychologist, childhood development consists of the preoperational and concrete operational stages. The preoperational stage is when children are engaged in...
Words: 1766 - Pages: 8
...Intro to Psychology Every day we are developing no matter our age, but it is how we develop children that will tell a tremendous amount an individual. How a child developments is fundamentally important at a young age as it affects all aspect of their lives once the child matures. Throughout the class, we looked at many theorists during the course of the semester. The theorists opened up our minds to a world that we have never seen before and concepts about child development we have never been taught but have seen in the practical work we do every week. What makes humans unique is the ability that we have to interpret the language being used, as Lois Bloom and Margaret Lahey describe in their book Language Development and Language Disorders “language is like a code, it is a means of representation” Although, everyone is able to interpret the use of language some interpret it more than others. This delay in language, we have learned, could be for a variety of reasons. The characteristics of a child will depend on: how they were brought up, who they were brought up by, what kind of condition they were brought up in, what kind of parents the child was brought up by, if was the child brought up in poverty, etc. Language is a key part in anyone’s life as it is a major form of communication. Language is what separates us from other species to be intellectual and to rule society. Language development is important in a child’s life as it will pave the way for successful communication...
Words: 1227 - Pages: 5
...Advertising for children : Does it work? What is the impact of Advertising on Children. Introduction The impact of television on growth and development in children media for both information and enjoyment. As a source of news, sports, academic culture to the children in the same variety oMedia ff data if not properly screened, it could negatively affect the child. The impact will depend on how much of the content. The proposed model And the time that children watch television. The impact of television on growth and development in children. Media for both information and enjoyment. As a source of news, sports, academic culture to the children in the same variety of data if not properly screened, it could negatively affect the child. The impact will depend...
Words: 1375 - Pages: 6
...Introduction: Even before a child is born they are being socialized; socialization of the boy or girl starts from the parents and people around them buying gender specific items. Children’s clothing and toys play a large role in socialization and with the all the stereotypes surrounding gender specific items this seemed like a very interesting area to research. My research question is: How does stereotypes of children’s clothing and toys influence gender identity? Literature Review: In Jane Little and Carol Martin’s (1990) study, “The Relations of Gender Understanding to Children's Sex-typed Preferences and Gender Stereotypes,” “Once children can accurately label the sexes, they begin to form gender stereotypes and their behavior is influenced by these gender-associated expectations. A cognitive component related to the sex-typing process, however, certainly does not preclude the significance of biological and socialization influences” (Little & Martin, 1990, p. 1437). In this study it showed that boys tended to choose more masculine clothing and the girls feminine items like dresses and frilly items. Toys were also presented to the boys and girls; boys choose more masculine typed toys like trucks, tool kits, motorcycles, army men. The girls choose toys more feminine like Barbie dolls, doll clothes, doll and crib, purse and a beauty kit (Little & Martin, 1990). In Clyde W. Franklin II (2010) study, “Becoming ‘Boys,’ ‘Men,’ Guys,’ and ‘Dudes.” Gender roles were...
Words: 1441 - Pages: 6
...Psychosocial Development Through the Play Years Portland Community College Table of Contents Introduction 3 Stages of Psychosocial Development 3 The First Two Years 3 The Play Years 4 Psychosocial Developmental Challenges 6 Possible Causes: Maltreatment 6 Possible Causes: Family Structure 7 Possible Causes: Environmental Adversity 8 Influencers of Child Psychosocial Development 9 Teachers 9 Gender Roles 10 Child’s Play 11 Conclusion 11 References 13 Introduction Psychosocial development looks at the emotional and social development processes. There are many theories when it comes to how psychosocial development occurs, including the two most well-known theories by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. For the purpose of this paper I will be focusing on Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of development for children through the play years, or age six. In addition to theories of development I will take a look into developmental challenges and the factors that affect development and the possible effects they may have. I will do this by taking a look at applicable case studies presenting their findings. The possible causes of developmental challenges that I will focus on are maltreatment, family structure and environmental adversity. I will also look into the influencers of psychosocial development on children and the impact they have on a child’s psychosocial development...
Words: 2966 - Pages: 12
...TV & Children: Television, Health and Development How does television affect the health of our children? Children from birth to age five are actively growing, learning and developing habits that will shape their physical and emotional health. Because this time period is so crucial to the development of a child’s body and brain, any negative influences can have lifelong health effects (1). Excessive television viewing among young children has been linked to negative impacts on early brain development, and lifelong physical health (1, 2). Television and early brain development Repeated exposure to television or related activity can affect a child’s mental and emotional development (1). TV often takes the place of interactive experiences (e.g play) that promote healthy brain development (1, 2, 3, 4). Too much TV during the early years has been linked to: o Poor performance in school, especially in the areas of language and reading. If TV is substituted for reading and talking with others at a young age, children may have delayed language development (1, 2, 3, 5, 26). o Being less able to use imagination. Too much TV can lead to an overload on the visual part of the brain, while depriving other parts of the brain. Areas of the brain responsible for creative thought and imagination are under used because watching television doesn’t require these skills (2). o Not being able to tell apart television from the real world. (3). o Problems focusing. Too many fast...
Words: 1759 - Pages: 8
...Parenting and the different ways it can affect children’s lives: research evidence Policy-makers and commentators often blame ‘bad parenting’ for children’s and young people’s troublesome behaviour. What can research tell us about the influence of parenting, especially the parent-child relationships in millions of ‘ordinary’ families? This paper: ■ Summarises findings from seven reviews of existing research that were commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation to inform its own Parenting Research and Development programme. ■ Considers parenting from the perspectives of mothers, fathers and children themselves, as well as those of black and minority ethnic parents and families living in poverty with restricted access to support services Editor: David Utting August 2007 www.jrf.org.uk Key points ■ Differences in child temperament, among other factors, demonstrate that flexible, adaptable parenting is more likely to be effective than a ‘one size fits all’ approach. ■ The quality of parent-child relationships shows considerable stability over time. Some dimensions of parenting are important in children’s lives irrespective of age, especially whether relationships are warm and supportive or marked by conflict. ■ Warm, authoritative and responsive parenting is usually crucial in building resilience. Parents who develop open, participative communication, problemcentred coping, confidence and flexibility tend to manage stress well and help their families...
Words: 4450 - Pages: 18
