...globalization, shape the international business environment, and influence strategies of individual businesses. Topics we will cover include: What determines exchange rate fluctuations and currency crises? How do they affect the domestic economies and firms’ international competitiveness? What determines trade and investment across countries? How do culture, politics and international organizations interact with the global marketplace? Given the unique challenges and opportunities of operating across borders, how do firms make sourcing, manufacturing and distribution decisions on a global basis? We emphasize a deep appreciation for, and understanding of, the interdependence and interrelatedness in the world economy; knowledge of specific countries will not be the focus of this course. Classes will use a combination of lectures, case analysis, and analytical discussion of key topics and current events, with students expected to play an active role in the classroom. This course provides students with the concepts, tools, and skill sets necessary to conduct in-depth analysis of the global economic landscape. The goal is to understand the underlying market and institutional mechanisms that drive globalization, shape the international business environment, and influence strategies of individual businesses. Topics we will cover include: What determines exchange rate fluctuations and currency crises? How do they affect the domestic economies and firms’ international competitiveness? What...
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...Investigating international relations and global politics more often than not involves properly recording international affairs but also understanding certain events and phenomena. As such global actors, political leaders, political scientists and academia as whole attempts to formulate theories as to explain and makes sense of those events that affect the global community. Those theories also serve the purpose of predicting the outcome of certain actions but more importantly; theories, in the case of international relation serves as a guideline from which political leaders and international actors conduct and formulate their global political agenda. Based on the first great debate of international relations opposing the liberalism to realism, this paper will attempt to argue that democracy is not a guarantee of peace but instead it is the economic interdependence present between states; based on the realist premise that global politics is about competition for power among self-seeking states that seek to maximize their national interests. Arguments will be presented in order to support the stated thesis by consistently outlining the relationship between economic/trade interdependence and political conflict. It is clear that one of the challenges that will arise in the attempt to support the thesis will be how the key concepts are defined and understood as such this paper will provide clear concise definitions of those concepts and ideas. But mostly, those definitions will...
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...International Trade Speech Jeffrey D. Randolph, Paul Etuk-Udoh, John Benson, Nathan Delguidice ECO 372 May 20, 2015 Elena Zee International Trade Speech Ladies and gentlemen of the press, welcome to the House of Representatives. Today I will discuss some of the more interesting aspects of the United States economy. Economics, of course, is a combination of theories, principles, and models that deal with the distribution of scarce resources, as it relates to human wants and needs (Dictionary, 2015). This is more commonly referred to as Macroeconomics. I will focus on some key areas involving international trade and foreign exchange rates and how all of this can affect the US economy as a whole. Imports are goods or services brought into the Unites States from another country. Exports are goods and services sold to other countries from the United States. When the U.S. runs a surplus on imported items it means that the United States are bringing in more goods then they are able to sell to other countries. When this happens the U.S. runs a trade deficit. This can be good for consumers because when there is a surplus of products then the price of those products will begin to drop in an attempt to sell the goods faster. This is the case when the quantity of items is not being sold fast enough, the longer a product is held the more money it costs, by lowering price the products will sell which will lower storage cost as well as free up space for new items. Many...
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...perspective known as transnational relations arose to question realism key assumptions of state as main and the only actor of world politics. This theory gave a new analytical framework to understand the international relations which was contrary to the state centric paradigm of realism. With complex interdependence as its central concept, this theoretical analysis advanced “synthesis of liberal + realist perspectives by constructing a way of looking at world politics and also the idea of institutionalism to foster cooperation”. It is asked how under conditions of complex interdependence world politics would be different than under realist conditions means this analysis ask to see “ what realism overlooked”. The phenomenon of Interdependence is not new; states have always been interdependent on each other for their economic functions and especially for security purposes. We have seen the complicated interdependence among states in the alliance system to achieve their political ends before First World War. The earliest example of interdependence comes from Norman Angell’s “The great illusion (1910) when he said the economic interdependence will minimize the occurrence of war on the basis of cost-benefit analysis.” Countries are dependent on each other for trade and transaction, they interact globally e.g. flow of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries but all transactions among countries are not characterized by interdependence because??? Where there is reciprocal...
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...History Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen from a market stall in London’s East End. Over the past 95 years their business has grown and they now operate in 12 different countries around the world, employ over 530,000 people and serve tens of millions of customers every week. The Impact of Political, Legal and Social factors on Tesco The senior management team at Tesco have asked me to produce a presentation to illustrate how political, legal and social factors can affect the business activity of the company. How can Politics affect Tesco's business activity? Politics plays a massive role in regulating businesses. Both through laws and legislation sanctioned by bodies such as the UK government, The European Union and the World Trade Organisation. What can politics affect within business? Politics can affect things such as: Fiscal Policy Import and Excise Duty Providing grants and loans to businesses that are struggling How have politics affected businesses in the past? Over the next few slides, I am going to explain how the politics have affected businesses such as Tesco in the past. Providing Infrastructure The government has helped businesses such as Tesco expand in the past by providing good quality communications such as broadband and landline phones as well as removing waste and sewerage from the streets. Both of these actions can reduce business costs, or create demand for business within an area. A key point to note is that the A11 construction...
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...INR 2001: Intro to International Relations January 12, 2015 Big Themes in International Relations * Conflict or Cooperation? Pays to Cooperate: Success in business- Don’t shoot customers * Major Actors in Conflicts * Chines, Navy, NATO, and Somali Pirates * States fighting other states * States fighting rebellions within the state * Conflict between non-state actors * Not all conflict is between states, much if not most is below the level of state-state conflict * Conflict maybe driven by man interests- ethnic conflict, material resources, land * Cooperation * Lots of Conflict and lots of Cooperation * Examples * Cooperation focused on economic issues, why? * All sides gain from economic exchange so it literally pays to cooperate * Is cooperation or conflict the natural state? * Economic cooperation mitigates conflict * Globalization or Fragmentation? * France-Germany and the European Union * Free trade agreements and NAFTA * What is Globalization * Examples: * Increasing level interconnectedness * What it means for international relations * More interdependence * Cultural aspects, both positive and negative * Is globalization a new phenomena * Less and less dialogue more usual stuff happening * 50 million died as a result 1918 Spanish...
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...International Legal and Ethical Issues Lori Hall LAW/421 December 18, 2012 Corey Frost International Legal and Ethical Issues When one company decides to take legal action against a foreign business partner in another company it is important to not only have an understanding of their local laws but also cultural differences, customs, and language barriers. All of these items could present possible barriers to resolving legal disputes associated with international transactions. Any company doing business abroad must be mindful of the pitfalls of international business, ensuring that the contract entered into is legally enforceable, the contract must protect the company’s interests in the foreign country against all eventualities, knowing that possible disagreements and disputes are common in the international trade arena. This paper will outline the legal, ethical, and cultural issues of doing business abroad. Issues Involved In Resolving Legal Disputes First, business contracts must clearly specify which laws will govern the business decisions that will be made, whether it is American law, local country laws, or popular international convention. One should note that international laws are broad terms establishing a series of customs that countries and businesses agree to adhere to when dealing with each other and that international laws are binding; however, largely based on reciprocal behavior rather than legal sanctions (Melvin, 2011). Some issues involved in...
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...and effect relationship you are describing.” The global economy as a worldwide economic system began ca. 1500 with the rise and spread of commercialism and has evolved into an expanding system of industrial capitalism. The primary driver of globalization is rapid technological change in core countries and their ability to dominate production of consumer goods to the rest of the world. It involves the increasing interdependence of national economies, financial markets, trade, corporations, production, distribution, and consumer marketing. By its very nature, globalization draws attention to the economic and technological aspects of life, and to change at the level of culture or identity. Globalization draws attention to the role of transnational corporations in creating a global market and system of production; to capital markets in creating an integrated financial system; and to bodies such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in disseminating a particular view of the state's role within the international economy. The idea of globalization is the object of controversy. Some of the more dramatic and simplistic versions of the globalization thesis have been challenged by scholars and journalists who are skeptical about the actual extent of transnationalized economic activity. The hyperglobalist perspective contends that history and economics have come together to create a new order of relations in which states are either converging economically and politically, or are being...
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...International Trade and Finance Speech Thank you for attending this conference today. My name is _____, and as a Speaker of the House, I will discuss the current state of the United States macroeconomy. I will further explain topics including the current surplus, effects of international trade in the U.S., tariffs and quotas, foreign exchange rates, and why the U.S. imports. United States Imports Surplus International trade and finance are an important part of the United States’ economy, accounting for a large part of the Gross Domestic Product. In the last three decades, the U.S. has incurred a trade deficit from importing more products than it exports (Colander, 2010). The largest sector of imports is industrial supply products representing 32% of total imports Trading Economics, 2014). This includes products such as, crude oil, steel, natural rubber, and other various raw and man-made materials required for industrial and commercial industries (United States Census Bureau, n.d.). The surplus of imports affects U.S. businesses and consumers differently. Domestic companies can be negatively affected if it is unable to remain competitive with their international counterparts. As I mentioned previously, the U.S. imports a large number of raw materials used for industrial supplies. Domestic companies have lost profits and released employees due to lack of demand for their goods or services. This also negatively affects American workers who lose their employment and...
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...especially large international business, requires high investment. More consumers sought after more goods, more service and besides last pay back time. The political systems have two types namely; democracy and totalitarianism. Economic environment, which is required in home country, host country and world economics, are supporting or objection for international business and relation to suppliers. Economic growth affects on politics social and lows, the found political system and situation politics in country, and the world has direct affects on economic and business. Social and culture are foundation of living and work for humans, they has an impact on characteristic to work and every day life. For lows, it is convention for country activities including economic activities and business. Therefore economics, political, social and lows are closely bound in terms of relationship. Technology environment refers to new knowledge factor in the world such as sciences or engineering and including strategic management because marketing competition enforce each country to invent new knowledge or know-how benefit for its own business development. Each country that has new knowledge must create new products; have low capital and high efficiency in order to keep pace with the international competitors and to respond the customers’ needs in the international market. When the country enters into international business, they must encounter risks in international business, which...
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...Ruffle Globalization Globalization is a process of communication and integration between different parts of the world. Motivated by international trade and investment and supported by information technology this process has effects on political activities, economic development, the environment, culture, and human physical well-being (What is Globalization, 2013). Technology developments are conceived as a main driving force of most of the globalization process. As people, thoughts, information, and goods shift effortlessly around the world, the familiarity of people around the world become more alike. The Effect of Globalization As a parent globalization of education through technology is being promoted worldwide on a daily basis in our school system. With the use of technology in countries like North Africa and Asia, it is expected to make the education opportunities better for the students. It is leading to improve economies and more opportunities for students. In a classroom in one of those countries they are able to expose the students to international resources, worthwhile educational resources, which many students all over the world don’t have access to. Children in Indonesia for example are able to see the museum in London via technology, exposing them to many cultures and daily living. Globalization affects me as a consumer. The toys I bought my daughter for Christmas are all made in locations where labor is cheap, and therefore manufacturing is...
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...The growth of trade and investments across borders has meant that international business activities have become increasingly important in the 21st century. The combined global sales of multinational enterprises (MNEs) were about $26 trillion in 2012. Exports of goods and services exceeded $22 trillion in 2011. The course examines the implications of globalisation on business. It focuses on factors that affect business decisions and operations of multinationals and businesses engaged in international trade. The course also addresses the implications of this ‘global economy’ for the organization and operation of multinational firms. We also consider the ethical and environmental dilemmas and place the issues of sustainability at the centre of scrutiny of global business operation, highlight the politics of the relationship among multinationals, governments and broader society. Aims 1. Provide an appreciation of key factors on which international business decisions are based; 2. Develop an understanding and appreciation of similarities and differences in the international business environment; 3. Distinguish the imperatives underpinning international trade and foreign direct investment; 4. Provide an understanding of the principles of the internationalisation process and draw implications for business management; Learning Outcomes On completing this course successfully you will be able to: 1. Distinguish between different political, social and economic systems and make...
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...referred to International Relations which is the study of all political cooperation that occurs between states that have their own government, international organizations with or without government influence, and some wealthy separate individuals. “Security Studies concerns itself with a sub-set of those political interactions marked by their particular importance in terms of maintaining the security of actor” (Hough 2008: 2). Depending on the emergency of security of an actor will depend how a government or country will act on the security measure. For example, concerns relating to health and rights of the people will be at top on the global political agenda compare to other events such as natural disasters or mass killings are rarely seen as security concerns. It might be of importance to the people that these events are happening to, but not to the people not being affected. There are four main paradigms of International Relations that affect issues in security. Those paradigms are Realism, Pluralism, Marxism, and Social Constructivism. Realism is the idea that states should be self-centered, competitive, and should look after themselves and not trust any other states. The state should do anything within its reach to expand its power in wherever possible being in military or economic sectors in order to secure themselves and be at the top. Realists tend to favor governments that separate the high and low politics and best serve the national interest. Low politics such as...
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...Politics 223 2014 International Relations International event 24316563 E.S Zulu 13.07.2014 Introduction International relation is a fast moving subject of study; it came too recognised as academic discipline. Despite adjective international, the field is concerned with much more than relations between or amongst state. Other actors such as international organisation, Multination Corporation, and terrorist groups are now all of what could more correctively be termed world politics. Different perspectives on the international relations naturally generate debates. In 1930’s realist and idealist argued over the nature of the international politics and the possibility of the peaceful change and the Marxist critics (Paul and Mark, 1987:1-3). International Relations According to Johari (2009:1-39) the international relations are the study of the political and social interaction of state, non-state and individuals. In the recent years the increasing interaction among these actors, coupled with advances in informational technology and the spread of human rights, have raised many new questions for international relations scholars, practitioners, and students. International relations as a discipline is chiefly concerned with what state do on the world stage and in turn, how their actions affect other states, correspondingly states are a common unit of analysis in theories of international relation, many analysis focus on states and their interactions to explain observed patterns...
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...and policy circles, this claim has been used to help justify the formation of the European Economic Community, Richard Nixon’s opening to China, Willy Brandt’s Ostpolitik, and Henry Kissinger’s conception of détente with the Soviet Union. Nonetheless, critics of this argument have not been stilled. Some observers maintain that, rather than fostering cooperation, increased interdependence generates political discord. Even more widespread is the argument that economic exchange has no strong bearing on the high politics of national security. This debate is hardly new. For centuries, the nature and strength of the links between interdependence and con›ict have been the subject of heated disagreement. Until lately, however, these links remained the subject of remarkably little systematic scrutiny. In recent years, a growing number of studies have attempted to ‹ll this gap in the literature, but they have yet to resolve various crucial questions. Most important, how and to what extent does interdependence in›uence political antagonism? What are the causal mechanisms driving this relationship? And what is the most appropriate way to test this relationship? The purpose of this book is to shed new light on these key issues. In this introduction, we survey the recent literature on the effects of economic interdependence on political con›ict, placing primary emphasis on these questions and on the theoretical and empirical developments needed to...
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