...An experimental method for determining pyrantel pamoate (PYR) via an isocratic reversed phase HPLC method with UV detection was previously optimized by Solich et al. In our experiment, we determine the PYR concentration in an old sample of a novel, anthelmintic raccoon bait. Chromatography was performed using a phenyl-hexyl column with a mobile phase of 0.5% triethylamine at pH 9.0 and acetonitrile 55 : 45 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min-1. For pyrantel determination, UV detection was performed at 290 nm. Analysis of the chromatographic study of the pyrantel base peaks showed that PYR makes up 2.05% of the raccoon bait by weight. Introduction Pyrantel pamoate is widely used in a variety of anthelmintic drugs, in the pharmaceutical and veterinary industries, that are designed to fight parasitic worm infections in both humans and animals. Raccoons...
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...• Thermal Oven • pH analyzer • Triple Quartz Distillation Unit • HPLC Injecting Syringe (25 mL) (HAMILTON) REAGENTS USED 1. Acetonitrile HPLC grade 2. Methanol HPLC grade 3. Water – HPLC grade 4. Mixed Phosphate Buffer 5. Lamivudine LAMIVUDINE TRAIL METHOD-I Mobile phase Acetonitrile : Water (50:50) λmax 270 nm Flow rate 1mL/min Column Inertsil C8 150 x 4.6 mm Retention Time 1.800 min Efficiency 2030 Preparation of mobile phase: Take 100ml of Acetonitrile in volumetric flask and dissolve it in 100ml of water. Then it is sonicated it for 10mint. TRAIL METHOD-II Mobile phase Water : Menthol (40:60) λmax 270 nm Flow rate 1mL/min Column Inertsil C8 150 x 4.6 mm Retention Time 1.783 min Efficiency 1294 Preparation of mobile phase...
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...emitted from industrial and domestic sources. Pesticides can often enter water through sewage plants, sewer overflows, surface water runoffs, and leaching from agricultural applications or even through improper disposal. Regulatory issues and public concerns over pesticide residues in water supplies have been increasing, and it is important to develop a reliable method for routine test of pesticides in water supplies. Presented here is a novel solid phase extraction technique using disposable pipette extraction (DPX) followed by chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis for determination of pesticides in water. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the suitability of high pressure liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC/UV), gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC/FID), gas chromatography electron capture detector (GC/ECD) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for pesticides analysis in water. It was found that GC/FID was not suitable due to its low sensitivity and poor selectivity. GC/ECD is the most sensitive method for pesticide analysis;...
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...10/26/2010 STANDARDIZATION OF HERBAL PRODUCTS ZHARI ISMAIL & JAMSHED SIDDIQUI HEAD (R & D) CENTRE FOR HERBAL STANDARDISATION (CHEST) PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS FARMASI UNIV. SAINS MALAYSIA International Conference & Talkshow on Medicinal Plant 39th. Meeting of National Working Group on Indonesian Medicinal Plant. Jakarta, 19-20th October 2010 CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Introduction: Overview of Standardization of plant extracts Meaning of Standardized Extracts Problems related to standardization of herbal products Common techniques used for standardization of herbal products Validation techniques for herbal products Standardization techniques for mixed herbal products Method for the determination of soluble sugars in plant extracts Conclusion Multiple subsectors for Herbs There are huge global opportunities for herbs based business Phytopharmaceuticals Modern drugs Drug leads Drug intermediates Low to High-End Products available for Herbs • Fast growing industry and require investment to become leader with short time to enter market High MAPs MAPs MAPs Herbal drugs Herbal drug preparation Herbal Med production Traditional medicines Complementary Alternate Medicines House hold remedies 26.6b 5.9b Herbs/Botanicals 5% Growth Rate Functional Foods Nutraceuticals 4.7b 25b Cosmeceuticals/ Cosmetics Insect repellants Insecticides Pesticides Fungicides Pharmaceutical Aids Gums Mucilages Edible dyes Sweeteners Essential Oils Flavours...
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...Caso Hindustan Petroleum (Marco estructural y marco orgánico) Preguntas de discusión del caso Fecha de entrega- antes del 17 de octubre de 2015 INTRODUCCION AL CASO: Hindustan Petroleum es una importante compañía productor y distribuidor de productos de petróleo y sus derivados en la India. HPCL una empresa de propiedad totalmente estatal dentro de una industria controlada por el Estado, había comenzado a operar en un entorno cada vez más privatizado. Para el año 2003 HPLC enfrenta la necesidad de transformar sus operaciones y adopta una innovadora forma de comunicación interna (Exhibit 2). Ya para el año 2010 HPCL presentaba una visión general del nuevo modelo, más interactivo de la comunicación con los empleados. HPCL introdujo este modelo como parte de su esfuerzo por adaptarse a una mayor competencia del mercado durante el siglo 21. Dicho modelo fue una serie de talleres de visión (“vision workshops”) en la cual se establecían conversaciones estructuradas con los empleados de todos los niveles de la empresa; esto como parte del proyecto ACE. Todos los empleados participaron en el desarrollo de visiones estratégicas y organizativas para sus oficinas regionales, para sus unidades de negocio, y para toda la empresa. El caso también analiza el uso de de la tecnología digital para mejorar la comunicación de los empleados; mayor énfasis de sus líderes en directo, el llamado "one-to-one interaction" interacción con los empleados; y algunas de las...
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...What are Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons? Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of toxic organic compounds. These organic contaminants are often byproducts of the processing of crude oil or incomplete combustion consisting of many aromatic rings joined together. (1) Occurrence of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods PAHs tend to be Lipophilic in nature and there occurrence in foods can be linked to contamination by soil, water and/or air or from cooking practices at home such as roasting, grilling smoking etc.(2) High temperatures and exposure to sunlight decreases the concentration in food substances. There are over 500 PAHs but only 15 have been identified that affect foods. Figure 1 shows a list of the fifteen PAHs along with their structures. (see appendix) Sources of airborne PAHs are forest fires and volcanoes. The most important stationary anthropogenic sources include residential burning of wood, oil, gas and charcoal as well as industrial power generation, incineration, production of aluminium, iron and steel, petroleum catalytic cracking and production of asphalt, coal tar and coke. The most important mobile sources are vehicular exhausts from gasoline and diesel-powered engines. In combustion processes the formation of PAHs is reduced when combustion is more thoroughly performed but this will increase the formation of nitrogen oxides. . Formation of PAHs The formation of PAHs in foods is varied based...
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...fall short of the volume quota of $1.7 million, though, and it is unclear whether this is an indicator of under-performance or an unrealistic quota by management. The definition of professional selling is “The ability or skill to obtain willing followers for a given course of action, creating value for both parties.” Based on the interaction that Burnett had with Dr. Margolis at the Cardiac Research Laboratory, it appears that he did a good job of establishing a rapport with the customer, asked good questions to uncover the customer’s needs, and had good enough knowledge of the products to be able to discuss how the features of his product would benefit the laboratory. On the other hand, Burnett had noticed that the laboratory had a Waters HPLC system that was very old and one that included components from other manufacturers and did not capitalize on the opportunity to recommend and upgrade on the equipment. Burnett’s biggest issue as a salesman is that he does not adequately allocate his time: the case mentions that he spends only 25-30% of his time on direct selling, with the majority of his time on customer service and seminars. While it is true that strong customer support is a key differentiator for Waters, that...
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...a catalyst for the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) for regioselecting epoxides. The complex is prepared in four steps. A mixture of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane isomers was selectively crystallized to form 1,2-diaminocyclohexane L-tartrate salt. The salene ligand was formed by reacting 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. The Salen(Co) complex was formed by treating the salen ligand with cobalt(II) acetate. Finally, the catalyst was formed by processing the ligand through aerobic oxidation in the presence of acetic acid. The catalyst was used to resolve phenyl glycidyl ether and the diol 9 and epoxide 8 were separated by flash chromatography. The products were characterized through chiral HPLC, IR, H-NMR, and polarimitry tests. HPLC spectrum showed that the catalyst had successfully yielded enantiomerically pure diol 9 and epoxide 8 molecules with 8 being resolved to 99.4% ee and 9 with 93.8% ee. Although (R,R) and (S,S) Jacobsen’s Salen(Co) Catalysts select for different enantiomers of epoxides, reactions utilizing either catalyst resulted in similar yields, within 1%. The data collected is useful in showing that the HKR reaction was highly effective in regioselecting the respective epoxides. Introduction Despite their opposite structures, enantiomers posses identical chemical properties and only differ by their physiological activity in chiral environments, one being the human body.1 This is a major concern for the pharmaceutical community...
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...potential, Polydispersity Index, Particle size including Z-average diameter is measured by using the instrument Malvern Zeta Sizer. Method 2ml of sample is withdrawn from the vial and transferred to 10ml volumetric flask and volume is made with WFI. 1ml of the above solution is taken in the disposable cuvette and size is measured in the zeta sizer instrument. Samples were measured at 250C and the light scattering was detected at 173 0C and collected in automatic mode, typically requiring measurement duration of 150 seconds. Similarly for zeta potential 1ml of the above sample is injected in the disposable zeta potential cuvette and measured. 6.1.4 ASSAY BY HPLC Instrument : HPLC Reagents : Tetrahydrfuran HPLC grade, Isopropyl Alcohol HPLC grade, Standard : Propofol Standard Chromatographic Conditions Column : Thermohypersil BDS-C18, 100×4.6mm, 3µ. Detection : 275nm Flow rate : 2ml/min Injection volume : 20µl Column Temperature: 25oC Run Time : 25min Mobile phase preparation It is prepared by mixing 800ml of Tetrahydrfuran and 1200ml of water mixed and filtered. Preparation of Diluent It is prepared by diluting 68ml of water with Isopropyl Alcohol to 1000ml Preparation of Standard stock solution Weighed 20.95mg of propofol standard and transferred to 25ml of volumetric flask. Add 10ml of diluent, sonicate to dissolve and make up the volume with diluent. Preparation of Sample preparation Transfer 2ml of sample...
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...chromatography uses the fact that chiral molecules interact differently with other chiral molecules (in chiral chromatography, the stationary phases) than their enantiomer counterpart. This is what chiral chromatography uses to separate and quantify enantiomers, its sole purpose. Chiral detectors in chromatography (stationary phases) Some chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are able to separate a wide range of chiral compounds, while others are useful only for specific types of chiral compounds. As chiral compounds can be many types of ions or molecules, all of which possess unique qualities and characteristics, many CSPs have been developed in order to separate the many kinds of chiral compounds. Common chiral stationary phases used for chiral HPLC columns are: Polysaccharide derivatives coated on silica gel, which possess recognition abilities for a wide range of chiral compounds, although they only compatible with a limited range of compounds (rather than pure solutions). Ligand exchange, a method which works well on amino acids, hydroxyl acids, and amino alcohols uses specific metal ions such as Cu(II) or Ni(II). The chiral molecules are separated based on their ligand exchange interactions with these metal ions: due to the very minute differences in energy of the enantiomers (10-14 J mol-1), separation via ligand exchange is possible. Protein selectors, work on the principal that proteins bond to only one enantiomer, as each enantiomer possesses different pharmacological properties...
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...Another TLC method has been reported, which uses 0.25 or 2 mm silica gel plates as the stationary phase, and ethyl acetate/methanol (95:5, v/v) as developing agent. The method was used to separate ETD and metabolites in urine and bile. 3.2.2.2 High performance Liquid Chromatography (Ficarra et al., 1991) A sensitive reverse-phase HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of ETD in tablet for formulation. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase c18 column, having dimension of 3.3 cm x 0.46 cm (3µm particles) and which was maintained at 30°c.the mobile phase consisted of pH 6.0 phosphate buffer / methanol (60:40v/v), and was eluted at 1 ml/min. Analytic detection was effected on the basis of UV detection at 230nm. A retention time of 1.46 min was obtained for ETD under these conditions, and the method was found to be linear, precise, and accurate over the concentration range of 0.01to 0.1 mg/ml. A simple, accurate, and reproducible HPLC method has been developed to determine ETD in presence of impurities (1-methyl and 8-methl-ETD) and in pharmaceutical formulation. A viospher ODS-2(15 cm x4.6 mm, 5µm particle size) HPLC column was used as stationary phase and acetonitrile / 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 4.7) 60:40 v/v) eluted at 0.8mL/min was used as mobile phase. Detection was achieved by measurement of the UV absorbance at 229nm. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 1-20µg/ml. the relative retention time for ETD and acetaminophen...
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...See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26742176 Caffeine levels in beverages from Argentina's market: Application to caffeine dietary intake assessment ARTICLE in FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS - PART A CHEMISTRY, ANALYSIS, CONTROL, EXPOSURE AND RISK ASSESSMENT · APRIL 2009 Impact Factor: 1.8 · DOI: 10.1080/02652030802430649 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 12 53 4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Valentina Olmos Edda Villaamil Lepori University of Buenos Aires University of Buenos Aires 15 PUBLICATIONS 84 CITATIONS 20 PUBLICATIONS 119 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. SEE PROFILE Available from: Valentina Olmos Retrieved on: 09 April 2016 This article was downloaded by: [Universidad de Buenos Aires], [V. Olmos] On: 10 December 2013, At: 03:58 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tfac20 Caffeine levels in beverages from Argentina's market: application to caffeine dietary intake assessment a a a V. Olmos , N. Bardoni , A.S...
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...the rabbit intestine to substances of different molecular weight decreases as we go down the intestine from proximal to distal ends 8-10. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Ketotifenfumarate and ethylparaben were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, Mo, USA. Acetonitrile, methanol (HPLC grade), ethanol, glycerol, and sorbitol were obtained from BDH laboratory, England. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400), propylene glycol (PG), phosphoric, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride 0.9% for injection were obtained from El Nasr Pharmaceutical Chemicals Company, Cairo, Egypt. Ketamine HCl (100 mg/ml) was obtained From Sigma Pharmaceutical Company, Quesina, Egypt. Chlorpromazine HCl (25 mg/ml) was obtained From Misr Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt. Double distilled water for HPLC analysis was used. Membrane filters 0.45 µm was obtained from Millipore, Milford, U.S.A.). All chemicals were of analytical grade. Equipment Constant rate perfusion pump (Harvard-22, Harvard Apparatus, Millis, MA, USA), Timer, PH meter ( HANNA Instruments, Romania ), Sonicator ( ultrasonic 57X, Clean America, N.Y., USA).Water bath (KOWELL N4, Germany), Centrifuge (Minor 35, M.S.D., L.T.D., England). HPLC (WatersTM 600 controller, USA) equipped with a variable wavelength detector (WatersTM 486, Tunable Absorbance Detector, USA) and an automatic sampling system (WatersTM 717 PlusAutosampler, USA) and the whole equipment is under computer control. Reversed-phase column 15 cm X 3.9 mm (i.d.) C18...
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...The HPLC results also indicated that the rhamnolipid was concentrated by using the foam fractionation technique. Thaniyavarn J et al (2006) have studied biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa A41, a strain isolated from seawater in the gulf of Thailand, was examined when grown in defined medium containing 2% vegetable oil or fatty acid as a carbon source in the presence of vitamins, trace elements and 0.4% NH(4)NO(3), at pH 7 and 30 degrees C with 200 rpm-shaking for 7 days. The yield of biosurfactant steadily increased even after a stationary phase. Under such conditions the surface tension of the medium was lowered from 55-70 mN/m to 27.8-30 mN/m with every carbon source tested. However, types of carbon sources were found to...
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...What’s in My Water Bottle? A Question of Environmental Estrogens Janna R. McLean Colorado State University Christy Copeland Keisha Davis Gulad Abdi Lucretia Biery Biology 1308 Professor Childress What’s In My Water Bottle? A Question of Environmental Estrogens The overall topic of Janna R. Mclean’s case study “What’s In My Water Bottle?” revolves around the question of whether or not chemicals used to make plastic containers are a health hazard to humans. A particular focus is placed on whether the chemical ingredient in polycarbonate and polysulfone plastic called Bisphenol A, BPA abbreviated, act as estrogen and effect estrogen levels. Research is continually being conducted since possibly harmful BPA is found in almost 90% of plastic containers ( ). Although many shelved plastic products are labeled BPA-Free, plastic containers still run the risk of leaking harmful BPA into drinking water and food when BPA is broken down by exposure to heat ( ). Research has not yet proven how BPA is harmful; That is to say, definitive results have not shown whether BPA directly causes cancer, or if BPA is a catalyst for cancer cell replication. Regardless of how BPA is harmful, the possibility of poisonous contamination to all plastic exposed products poses a threat to human health and has resulted in case studies like Mclean’s “What’s in My Water Bottle?” Mclean’s case study addresses multiple experiments that are conducted to determine how much BPA is in certain plastics, and...
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