...professionals (i.e.: as in physical therapist, speech therapist, and administrators) in and out of the classroom. It leaves not much time for learning because the toileting, hygiene, and eating do take a big part of the day. The teachers usually have a full time assistant in the classroom or two depending on the need in the classroom; this helps the Special Education teacher complete tasks in the classroom. The teacher can work on a student one on one and the assistant can help with the other students needs. (Severe Intellectual Disabilities and Multiple Diablites, 2007) Some of the intellectual disabilities that teachers may encounter I have found are ADHD (Attention Deficit hyperactivity Disorder), Angel man syndrome, Aspersers Syndrome, Autism, Cri Du Char, Down Syndrome, Dysphasia, Dyspraxia, Epilepsy, Fragile X, Klinefelter Syndrome, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Prader-willi Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, Trismoy, Soto’s Syndrome, Tourette Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis, and Williams Syndrome. (Activ, 2001) References Activ (2001) Types of Intellectual Disabilities. Retrieved on July 13, 2001 from http://www.activ.asn.au/3/3017/8/types_of_intellectual_disability.pm Severe Intellectual Disabilities and Multiple Disabilities. Pat Mimms. Retrieved from Special Education for Today’s Teachers: An Introduction, by Michael S. Rosenberg, D avid L. Westling, and James M cLeskey....
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...Autism is an uncurable disorder that affects the way in which the brain develops, in terms of many basic life skills. The numbers of children diagnosed with autism have been rapidly increasing along with the increasing ability to detect and diagnose autism. It is also usually found in children ages one to three, and it affects boys three to four times more than it does girls. Autism is a life-long disorder and is typically treated with a variety of forms of therapy. There have been many spectulations behind the causes of autism, but all have yet to be proven. Originally, doctors were led to believe autism could be directly related to the circumstances in which a child was raised, and the education they were exposed to. While other possible causes include diet and mercury poisioning, many doctors believe these are irrelevant, and would say that genetics play a much larger role. For example, identical twins are much more likely to both have autism than fraternal twins or siblings. Likewise, language inabilities or abnormalties are more often found in relatives of children with autism. Autism is a result of a defective biological makeup of the brain, and a child cannot simply be diagnosed after a brief examination. He or she will be evaluated by multiple specialists who will test the childs skills both physically and mentally before diagnosing them with autism. After a child is diagnosed with autism, many aspects of their life become dependent on outside intervention. Each...
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...Understanding Autism Jessica Stansbury PSYC101, Online Michael Mihajlovic November 23, 2012 What is Autism? Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), is a developmental disability. It can cause many problems such as social, communication and behavioral challenges. People with autism process information differently in their brain than other people do. Although there are many different types of Autism, there are three that are more commonly seen currently. The first one is Autistic Disorder, also called classic autism. This is usually accompanied by substantial language delays, social and communication challenges, and odd behaviors and interests. The second is Asperger Syndrome. Asperger Syndrome is usually accompanied by some milder symptoms of autistic disorder. Although they may still have social challenges and odd or unusually interested and behaviors, they usually do not have any problems with language disabilities. The third is Pervasive Developmental disorder (PDD-NOS) or also called atypical autism. Most people that are diagnosed with PDD-NOS usually have fewer and much milder symptoms then the others. People that are diagnosed with PDD-NOS may only have challenges in social and communication areas. Although there are different types of autism, they all require the same attention to the signs and symptoms of them. Autism is usually detected in early childhood. It will appear in the first three years of life. Often the...
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...Dysfunction This paper will summarized and critique the important points discussed by Vilayanur S. Ramachandran and Lindsay M. Oberman in the article “The Theory of Autism”. Support and expansion of the ideas presented will be discussed. Several points in the article will be evaluated. Two theories that were prevalent during their studies to help explain and or determine the cause of Autism were the Mirror Neuron Dysfunctions and Disrupted Salience Landscape Theory. To begin it is important to define what is meant by Autism. It is a genetic disorder that plagues a small portion of Americans. Children diagnosed with Autism are unable to carry on normal conversations and tend to remove themselves from any chance of social contact. Although they may experience different types of emotions such as fear and pleasure they also experience poor language, lack of eye contact and social isolation. As stated by the author (Ramachandran and Oberman, 2006) Patricia M. Rodier believes that “susceptibility to autism is inherited” and her theory is based on a “newly discovered class of nerve cells in the brain called Mirror Neurons” (Ramachandran and Oberman, 2006, p.64). These nerve cells take on the same characteristics of an Autistic patient. According to Eric Courchsne he proposes that autism may be organized into categories: Anatomical and Psychological. Anatomical studies determine that autistic patients have abnormalities in their cerebellum; which are responsible...
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...Jennifer Ince Educating Exceptional Children Grand Canyon University SPE 226 Instructor: Mike Mannelly Date: 07/10/2011 Differences among people are around us every day in our lives. Taking the time to understand individuals with uniqueness is an essential part of our own growth and development. Educators are more involved with helping students with disabilities now more than ever before. Finding the correct methods and instruction to produce a healthy learning environment, and assisting students with disabilities is a key element in classrooms today. There are many different disabilities and educating ourselves as teachers on aspects of disabilities helps us to help others. Intellectual disability is distinguished mutually by a substantial under average score on a mental or intelligence test. This score combined with restrictions of aptitude in subjects of daily life, which encompasses social and school functions, communication, and self care. Other aspects consist of partial scope to plan, solve, think abstractly, comprehend complicated thoughts, understand quickly, and gain knowledge through occurrences (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). The processing of delivering these aspects is slower than their peers with average intellect and capabilities. The varieties of this disability are categorized from mild to profound. When an individual has an intellectual disability it is not uncommon for other disabilities to be integrated with it (How common...
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...could just grin and bear it and get through this reading easily using my same old strategies. I immediately found out that this was not going to be the case. Sacks is clearly a well-educated and experienced man, and it shows in his writing. A lot of the vocabulary utilized stumped me to the point where it made grasping the gist of the reading difficult. Although I have to admit once I got past the boring introduction of Temple Grandin’s autism, I was quite interested in reading more. I was very interested in reading and learning about autism once I was able to focus. The reading is about Temple Grandin, a high-functioning autistic, who has accomplished a variety of things in her life. I had never heard of her before but after reading this chapter I was very interested in her and autism itself. I happen to know some people that are autistic so this reading definitely allowed me to empathize more with them now that I understood their condition. One specific thing I learned which I thought was interesting was that individuals with autism often experience other disorders. “The genetic form may be associated, in the affected individual or family, with other genetic disorders, such as dyslexia, attention deficit disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or Tourette’s syndrome.” (248) When I learned that autistics have a common ground with animals that they can understand them better than humans. I thought what a fascinating concept; that having this disorder could make you...
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...definitions of some disabilities and their causes and then most importantly what the education system is doing to help them cope and learn to live in today’s society with skills and knowledge that they have strengths in doing. Autism- “a variable developmental disorder that appears by age three and is characterized by impairment of the ability to form normal social relationships, by impairment of the ability to communicate with others, and by stereotyped behavior patterns as is defined by Webster dictionary. The word autism was first used in 1943:”. (Merriam-Webster, Incorporated , 2012) From the medical association it is defined as: Autism is known as a complex developmental disability. “Experts believe that Autism presents itself during the first three years of a person's life. The condition is the result of a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, affecting development of the person's communication and social interaction skills. People with autism have issues with non-verbal communication, a wide range of social interactions, and activities that include an element of play and/or banter.” (MediLexicon International Ltd, 2004-2012) What causes Autism: The medical professionals are still not sure what really causes autism, they have narrowed it down to a few possibilities thought such as...
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...Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years of life, and affects the brain's normal development of social, communication skills, and restricted and repetitive behavior. It affects the processing and organization of information to the brain. But this is only one of the recognized disorders in the autism spectrum, the other two are Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. Autism has a strong genetic basis, and in rare cases, is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life. The signs usually develop gradually, but some autistic children first develop more normally and then regress. Early behavioral or cognitive intervention can help autistic children gain self-care, social, and communication skills. Although there is no known cure, there have been reported cases of children who recovered. Not many children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, though some become successful. An autistic culture has developed, with some individuals seeking a cure and others believing autism should be accepted as a difference and not treated as a disorder. Social deficits distinguish autism and the related autism spectrum disorders from other developmental disorders. People with autism have social impairments and often lack the intuition about others that many people take for granted. Some unusual social development becomes noticeable in early childhood...
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...defect. Or to make it more realistic Every 4.5 minutes, a baby is born with a birth defect. Major birth defects are conditions present at birth that cause structural changes in one or more parts of the body. They can have a serious, adverse effect on health, development, or functional ability. This is information that was obtained from centers for disease control and prevention website. http://www.cdc.gov/NCBDDD/birthdefects/facts.html The purpose of this paper will be to inform the reader of certain causes of disabilities and what may cause these disabilities. Within this paper there will be five topics that will be discussed. The five topics are Definition, characteristics, and causes of intellectual disability, traumatic brain injury, autism, severe disabilities, and deaf-blindness. The author hopes that after reading this paper the reader will have a clearer understanding of these disabilities. According the text book Exception Children: An Introduction To Special Education; mental retardation is defined as “significantly sub average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period that adversely affects a child’s educational performance”. Mental retardation is the new intellectual disability. Heward, W. L. (2009). This term intellectual disabilities cover the same population of individuals who were diagnosed previously with mental retardation. There are the few in the world who think...
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...Charlie met his brother Raymond! Raymond was not an ordinary brother but one with disorders that Charlie had no idea what they were. Charlie was at this home for one reason and that was to get the money that he thought rightfully belonged to him. Little did he know he would find a long lost brother and he decided to kidnap him until he could get the money his father had left behind. Raymond is a very high functioning autistic savant who has been living in a group home facility for almost his entire life. “To understand autistic savant syndrome, you need to understand what Savantism is. Savant syndrome is a condition in which people having developmental disorders have an area of expertise which separates from their limitations. “Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder whose symptoms are first observed very early in life, usually in infancy”....
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...about persistence, appreciation, patience, and determination from such a small girl. Mary Kate has autism and this is a real challenge for her. Even though she faces daily challenges she never gives up trying to learn simple things that you and I take for granted. Each time I look at her adorable smiling face I know that, no matter how difficult things can be for me, I need to remember Mary Kate’s struggles and push to achieve my goals and concur whatever mountains come my way. Discovering Mary Kate was autistic had a profound effect on the entire family. We all had to adjust to her because of her condition. It requires a large portion of family time, attention, money and psychological support. At first I got aggravated when my mom would not pay enough attention to me. I was just four years old and always wanted all moms’ attention. Whenever my mom would be handling Mary Kate I would get jealous and try to do something cute to catch her attention. I constantly asked my mom questions like “Why can’t she just be normal?” and “Tell her to stop crying!” We are not a typical family, we are unique in the way in which we view and act upon things. I feel that I have matured faster than most of my peers and feel it is because of the cards I was dealt. I know these cards have made me a stronger, kinder and more compassionate person. I truly believe that people with autism make life more interesting if they are given the opportunity to be heard. Through observing Mary...
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...2 Research essay 11/30/11 What Is Autism, What Can Cause It, and What Treatments Are There? I remember the first time I watched my two year old niece Melody. It was the middle of July so I decided to take her to the local swimming pool. I thought we would have a blast but I was quickly met with the realization that the day was going to be very challenging. Melody was not at all entertained by the company of all the other children there. She was quite content in her own company. She also seemed to have trouble understanding me, which made it extremely hard for me to comfort her, or persuade her to stay in the pool area where we were set up, or pretty much anything that I wanted her to do. Melody was constantly walking away to the other end of swimming pool, when I tried to get her to come back she screamed, and not any old scream it was a horrific scream, like I was really hurting her. Since then I have been over to my brother’s house several times to see Melody but I am yet to take her on my own again. After observing Melody on those few occasions I decided to do some research on autism and other associated disorders. What is Autism? Autism is a disorder that affects brain development that impairs social interaction and communication (Autism-Help.Org, 2000-2010). Autism is not fully understood by doctors and scientist but is often referred to as one of the disorders listed under the autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism spectrum disorders have three main groups...
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...Autism Autism. It is one of the fastest growing epidemics in the United States, yet people seem know so little about it. How it consumes the minds of children as it sculpts a new world of imagination. I believe parents should take precautions about the symptoms of autism and how it can affect the life of their children. Autism is a developmental disorder developing in the first two years of a child’s life. Affecting the social and developmental skills, it is something you do not want to overlook. All autistic children develop different ways, some may be overly sensitive to smell, touch, hearing, taste. It can change your child’s mind from one day to the next, turning them into a ticking time-bomb. You never know when something will set them off, it can be from the slightest whisper to the loudest horn, and everything in between. Bad thing is, you don’t know what ignites the flame until it is long past lit. Autistic children may also develop distress when routines are changed, perform repeated body movements, also referred to as “stimming”, and some show great attachments to objects that interest them. Most people look at children with this disorder and assume they are “retards”. When they are merely children trapped inside a glass box, with no way to tell the world how they really feel. Trying to fit in just like the rest of us. The only difference is they do not know. Their brains don’t know how to express what they feel, or why they feel it. Some express themselves with...
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...THE AUTISM EPIDEMIC By ENGL 135 December 9, 2008 The Autism Epidemic For many adults one of the happiest days of their lives is when they see their children being born. Sometime between the two and four age some parents begin to realize that their child’s behavior is a bit abnormal. At first they chalk it up to just children being children and ignore what is happening with their behavior. It gets to a point and the parents realize that they should go see the child’s pediatrician concerning the abnormal behavior. The doctor runs tests and comes back with a scary diagnosis: Autism. Autism, a lifelong disorder, is defined as a behavioral and neurological disorder affecting physical, language, and social skills1. Autism is a common condition among children that begins within the first two and a half years of life, although it may not be evident until three or four years of age. Autism is a mental behavior that causes children to experience the world differently than normal kids. Autism impairs behavioral skills and development from early on and into adulthood. Children with autism almost always learn at a slower rate, have a lower rate of communication skills, and often times have repetitive types of behavior such as body rocking, clicking a pen for hours at a time, or turning the TV on and off again. Adults with autism continue to have difficulties interacting with society, show some socially inappropriate behavior, and show peculiar use of language such as repetitive...
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...Life is movement, flows spontaneously but requires ducts, follows the principle of inhibitory modification. Trunk stability is allowing us to sit and use hands. Is the control of hand movements which allows us to use each of our fingers voluntarily. Is the inhibitory tuning, which gradually sculpt the baby awkwardly finely controlled actions. The formation of character, like the movement involves voluntary choices based on self-control that gives us the discipline. The most important tools that we can give our children is the self-control, the ability to strive for their goals. When the child grows up with a disability, this tool becomes indispensable. His life, develop their abilities, fulfill their dreams, the construction of a daily life where you feel full, we require a double effort. Therefore, it’s essential not only learn to work hard but learn to enjoy this effort, the way of high performance athletes. The word “authority” comes etymologically from the Latin verb boom, which means among other things, to grow. We can not educate if we give up our authority as parents. The contradiction of all training is to learn to send ourselves in obedience to others. As ivy, children need to grow, a wall that gives, at once, support and resistance. So, to be truly nurturing, the authority has to go left, slowly, a space to another. Take over is a strong word, it means take the place of one more, steal your identity. Overprotection and authoritarianism are usurping the authority...
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