...Apa paper number 2 Discuss the differences between hubs, repeaters, bridges, and switches. Which of these devices is commonly found on an updated corporate network and why? Also, differentiate between the equipment found on a DTE and a DCE network. Hubs, bridges, and repeaters function somewhat the same, they allow communication to be available through a network, the difference being that a repeater will only give the same signal over again, while a hub would break down a signal interpret it and send it out again cleaner. A bridge helps understand whether the data coming in should be forwarded or just discarded. The main difference between bridges and switches is the amount of ports it has. A switch can have many ports whereas bridges can only have 2. I think that a switches and repeaters can be found in a corporate network. They need a milti-port device that can be connected to filter and relay the signal and they would need repeaters to continue the signal over areas so that that the data is not lost. In a network, you need both a DTE and a DCE to understand things. A switch can be considered a DCE because it is sending the signal to a router, which can be a DTE, the router has to synchronize in order to receive the signal correctly and distribute to other devices. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-data-terminal-equipment.htm#slideshow http://ckp.made-it.com/dtedce.html Hub In Ethernet, a device that receives an electrical signal in one port, interprets the bits...
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...A hub is typically the least expensive, least intelligent, and least complicated of the three. Its job is very simple anything that comes in one port is sent out to the others. That’s it. If a message comes in for computer “A”, that message is sent out all the other ports, regardless of which one computer “A” is on. And when computer “A” responds, its response also goes out to every other port on the hub. Every computer connected to the hub sees everything that every other computer on the hub sees. The computers themselves decide if they are the targeted recipients of the message and when a message should be paid attention to or not. The hub itself is blissfully ignorant of the data being transmitted. For years, simple hubs have been quick and easy ways to connect computers in small networks. A switch does essentially what a hub does, but more efficiently. By paying attention to the traffic that comes across it, it can learn where particular addresses are. Initially, a switch knows nothing and simply sends on incoming messages to all ports. Even accepting that first message, however, the switch has learned something it knows on which connection the sender of the message is located. When machine “A” responds to the message, the switches only need to send that message out to the one connection. In addition to sending the response through to the originator, the switch has now learned something else it now knows on which connection machine “A” is located. That means that subsequent...
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...Which component is better between a Hub and a Switch? A very broad question that can be answered by asking and answering questions like: Will a hub support more bandwidth with multiple pc’s or will a switch? How many connections can each have at a time and can they be stacked? Which is more cost effective? Without these questions you cannot honestly answer the main question. When it comes to bandwidth allocations and how they are supported the switch is generally hands down the better choice. While hubs do support the same amount of bandwidth they share it between machines while a switch dedicates full bandwidth to each machine. To explain hubs better let’s say I have computers A, B, & C. I am on the 'A' computer and wish to send a file to the 'B' computer. C will hear all the talking but will not take action into receiving the file. Each piece of network data that C receives must be inspected by C and after C realizes that it is not for it the data is ignored. So the total bandwidth is shared among the computers. Whatever bandwidth A and B are not using for this file transfer is left for C to use. To sum it up hubs distribute all of the data they receive to all the network devices they are connected to. This is a highly inefficient use of your network bandwidth. However, there is no processing delay created by the hub because the hub, by definition, does no processing. A switch can be considered a 'smart' hub. It will actively look at the traffic it receives and based...
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...10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace them with 100BASE-T capable switches. I would start by recommending that they ditch the 10 Mbps hubs and replace...
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...Network Switching Switches can be a valuable asset to networking. Overall, they can increase the capacity and speed of your network. However, switching should not be seen as a cure-all for network issues. Before incorporating network switching, you must first ask yourself two important questions: First, how can you tell if your network will benefit from switching? Second, how do you add switches to your network design to provide the most benefit? This tutorial is written to answer these questions. Along the way, we’ll describe how switches work, and how they can both harm and benefit your networking strategy. We’ll also discuss different network types, so you can profile your network and gauge the potential benefit of network switching for your environment. What is a Switch? Switches occupy the same place in the network as hubs. Unlike hubs, switches examine each packet and process it accordingly rather than simply repeating the signal to all ports. Switches map the Ethernet addresses of the nodes residing on each network segment and then allow only the necessary traffic to pass through the switch. When a packet is received by the switch, the switch examines the destination and source hardware addresses and compares them to a table of network segments and addresses. If the segments are the same, the packet is dropped or “filtered”; if the segments are different, then the packet is “forwarded” to the proper segment. Additionally, switches prevent bad or misaligned...
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...Lab 2 Switches versus Hubs Overview Ethernet hubs work at the physical layer, simply repeating any frames they receive on one port onto all other ports. For this reason, they are also called multiport repeaters. Switches, on the other hand, forward frames only to the port that is connected to the frame’s destination. All the nodes connected to a hub are considered to be part of the same broadcast domain. In other words, any frame transmitted by one of the nodes will be received by all the rest. This configuration can limit throughput, as all nodes must share the capacity of the LAN. Since switches forward frames only on a single line, they create multiple broadcast domains, leading to great gains in throughput. The throughput of a switch is restricted, however, by its processing speed, the speed at which it can forward frames onto the correct outgoing link. Objective To examine the change in throughput in a local area network when upgrading from a hub to a switch. Build the Simulation Model Start up OPNET IT Guru Academic Edition. Select the File tab => New... Choose Project and click on OK. Change the Project Name to xx_Switch_vs_Hub (where xx are your initials). Set the Scenario Name to Hub and click on OK. In the Initial Topology window, select Create Empty Scenario and click on Next. In the Choose Network Scale window, select Office and click on Next. In the Specify Size window, accept the default values and click on Next. In the Select Technologies window, include the...
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...facility in Albany, Georgia. During 2000, Dr. Riordan developed to another country to Hangzhou, China. The Albany factory manufactures the plastic beverage storage units. The Pontiac factory manufactures the customized plastic parts. China plant manufactures the plastic fan parts. The company’s Research and Development is carried out at the corporation head office in San Jose. The main clients are automobile parts producers, aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage producers and bottlers, and appliance producers (UOPX, 2004). Current Systems Each factory is currently using various telecommunication systems. The head office in San Jose has 35 IP telephones. Additionally they use a VOIP/Data router; two 24 port switches Cisco 5950, 24 Port Hub Linksys EF2H24, Ethernet 100 base T as well as a WIN network Server. The Albany factory using a Kentrox Datasmart 658 CSU/DSU links to the head office. They are also using a Cisco Router 1750, two 24 port 100 Mbps Nortel Baystack 45024T Enet Switch, as well as a 48 port Patch Panels which links the 20 Compaq Presario computer systems. The Pontiac factory links to head office using a Blackblox CSU/DSU V35 Mt 100A-35 R2. The router is a Cisco 2500. The factory has in use...
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...currently connected to 10 Mbps hubs. This long-overdue upgrade is necessary because of poor network response time caused by a lot of collisions occurring during long file transfers between clients and servers. How do you recommend upgrading this network? What interconnecting devices will you use, and what benefit will you get from using these devices? Write a short memo describing the upgrade and, if possible, include a drawing of the new network. I have been recently hired to upgrade a company’s current network. Currently this company has a 10BaseT network established (Regan, 2004). This client is stating that they need to increase the overall bandwidth to the network and is having collisions issues occurring within the network which is causing more latency within the network. My two primary recommendations to upgrade this network are to; first go from a 10BaseT network to a 100BaseTX network, and second replace any hub currently in use with a switch capable of 100BaseTX data transfer standards. Transferring from a 10BaseT to a 100BaseTX network will require the additional purchase of networking devices but will increase the overall bandwidth from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps for each user in the network (Regan, Local area networks, 2004). By replacing the outdated hubs currently in use with switch will create a more specific collision domain (Regan, Local area networks, 2004) that if found when hubs are in use. With the use of hubs all the ports on the hub are part on a collision domain...
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...INTRODUCTION When it comes to network devices and how they communicate with each other, we need to understand the type of devices and how they need to be configured within the network. We cannot form a network without communication devices and understanding their uses. To develop any type of network, communication devices are required and in this paper I will talk about three devices that are used within a network environment. The first device I want to mention is a NIC Adapter. NIC stands for Network Interface Card, I consider this the most important network hardware when building your LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), or even MAN (Metro Area Network). This adapter is the most common part of the computer we use for our offices and homes. To call your office space a network, these cards need to be attached together with communication mediums (cables). Each card is assigned a unique MAC address that will identify the system it is in. Once you establish your LAN, then you can move on to connect with other LANs which will form a WAN or MAN, not only through the NIC Adapter but other network devices mentioned below. This is where a Router comes into play. A router is an intelligent network device which transmits data to other destined computers. It connects two networks and like I said, it forwards packets between them according to the information in the packet header. This communication occurs at the network layer of the OSI model. Routing was initially performed...
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...Perales April 27, 2014 Case 2-1 I would recommend the use of a central server which will ease up the process of controlling the incoming and outgoing data transmission. The central server will help the network not get overloaded with the amount of data packets being received and sent. In relation with the Hubs, it will be beneficiary to update them to be able to hubs with the capacity of 1,000 Mbps. This will also help with the overall network performance. Case 2-2 In this case, I will replace the switches and install routers instead. Routers have a better capability in joining together multiple LAN networks with WAN. Routers serves as a median destination for the network traffic. The routers with these workstations will be able to receive, analyzed the source and potential target, and where every packet will need to be sent to. Switches in this scenario, are not able to separate the broadcast domain like the router could; switches are only able to separate the collision in the domain. A network with only switches (hubs) must instead designate one computer as the gateway to the Internet, and that device must possess two network adapters for sharing, one for the home LAN and one for the Internet WAN. (Mitchell, 2014). Case 2-3 Logical/physical topology: A logical topology is the way devices appear connected with the users...
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...computers that could be connected b. The processing speed of the computers connected c. Cable length d. No Internet access 2. Which of the following is true of a repeater? a. Receives frames and forwards them b. Determines which network to send a packet c. Receives bit signals and strengthens them d. Has a burned-in MAC address for each port 3. Which of the following is true of a hub? (Choose all that apply.) a. Usually has just two ports b. Transmits regenerated signals to all connected ports c. Usually has four or more ports d. Works with MAC addresses 4. Which of the following is the unit of measurement by which a hub's bandwidth is usually specified? a. Bytes per second b. Bits per second c. Packets per second d. Bytes per minute 5. Which of the following describes how devices connected to a hub use the speed at which the hub can transmit data? a. Bandwidth optimization b. Bandwidth dedication c. Bandwidth sharing d. Bandwidth multiplier 6. Which of the following is a likely indicator light on a hub? (Choose all that apply.) a. CRC error b. Link status c. Connection speed d. Activity e. Signal strength 7. Which of the following describes how devices connected to a switch use the speed at which the switch can transmit data? a. Dedicated bandwidth b. Half-duplex bandwidth c. Half-scale bandwidth d. Shared bandwidth 8. What does a switch use to create its switching table? ...
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...Introduction Interconnect devices is the Internet device. Because Interconnect devices, we can easy to communication with other friends. No matter where is he/she just need to use internet devices then we can communication. Such as instant message and e-mail. But did you know how the devices work? There have different Interconnect devices in this world. For example: repeaters, hubs, switches, bridges, and routers. These five interconnecting devices have different features and functions. We will discuss the features and functions of each interconnecting device. Router A router act as a device between other networks Connection. A router main features and functions are making sure data is send to the correct destination. For example:...
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... to campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area network, based on the size the network is to encompass. Logical topologies, such as virtual LANs (VLANs) is the signal flow of devices without regards to the physical topology of the network. The University of Houston (2016) explains how an organization can save funds by purchasing one switch as opposed to multiple switches, as one switch can be configured to host multiple VLANs. Further more they go on to explain how trunking allows ports on multiple switches to be viewed as one VLAN. Hubs and Switches Both hubs and switches connect devices on a network. Hubs are known as dumb devices, as they cannot identify the originating or destination of the data it processes, it simply just sends data to all devices connected. Hubs are much slower than switches as they cannot receive or send information at the same time. Switches can identify data, by reviewing header data on a packet, and therefore can send data directly to the port which the destination device is connected to, and switches can send and receive at the same time. I will speak on Cisco switches as these are frequently used in the military, and I am familiar with their commands. In order to configure a Cisco switch, you must be in global configuration mode, in which the prompt will show Router (config)#. In order to be in global configuration mode the following commands would have to be entered; enable, which changes the prompt from Router> to Router#, finally...
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...Objectives: * Understand the differences in characteristics (ex. Speed, Length, Topology and Cable Type) of the following IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) standards * 10BaseT * 10BaseTX * 10Base2 * 10Base5 * 100BaseFX * Gigabit Ethernet * Recognize the following connectors and describe their uses * RJ-11 * RJ-45 * BNC * ST * SC * LC * Understand the relationship between media and bandwidth * Understand the characteristics of IEEE standards 802.3, 802.3u and 802.3z * Identify the various connectors used with network media Network Devices Objectives: * Identify the purpose, features and functions of the following network components * Hubs * Switches * Bridges * Routers * Gateways * CSU/DSU * Network Interface Cards (NICs) * Wireless Access Points * Modems * Identify and understand what a MAC Address is...
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...far back in the stone ages of networks as others, all locations need to be analyzed separately to help build the backbone of what’s to come. Over all, the main focus in this summary is to be able to access any information at any time from any location. This can and will be done with careful planning and lots of network expertise. San Jose, California With 250 employees working out of San Jose, it is one of the better sites network wise. Being the company’s corporate headquarters means it probably was the first to get any kind of upgrade were as the remote sites in china and Georgia would get overlooked. The back bone of the network is a pretty standard 10BASET Ethernet connecting 35 Dell OptiPlex PC’s through two cisco 24 port 2950 switches. The Pc’s are running windows 2K with only 2.6 GHz processors so the switching power of 10/100 suites the network’s...
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