...the four basic human body structure units and their functions The four basic human body structures and their functions are as follows: • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems Cells Cells have been identified as the simplest unit of living matter that can maintain life. A cell is the simplest and smallest unit of living matter and cells can live independently and can also reproduce themselves. Cells exist in a varity of shapes and sizes including elongated, oval, and square, cells also have many different function. A group of cells is called a tissue and the study of the structure, form of cells and tissue is called histology. Tissues Tissue is a group/organisation of a number of similar cells, not all identical but from the same origin, that carry out a similar function, which also consists of varying amounts and varity of non-living, intercellular substance between them. It is the level between cells and organs. There are four types of tissue: Epithelial – tissue that is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all the body surfaces and are the main tissue found in glands. Epithelial tissue performs a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory reception. Connective - tissue that binds structures together, and forms a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. Connective tissue also acts as a transport system for substances to be carried around the body, and helps store...
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...The four basic human body structure units are cells, tissues, organs and systems which, all working together make the human body function. The cells are the core structure that make up the human body, although there are many different shapes, sizes and types they consist of three main parts, the cell membrane which maintains the shape of the cell and separates and controls the movement of material into and out of the cell, the nucleus which contains the cells DNA and determines its structure and function and the cytoplasm which is the fluid in the cell that contains the organelles which perform its specific functions. There are many cell functions dependant on the cell type but the generalised functions are molecule transport, reproduction and protein synthesis. Molecule transport is the transfer of material through the cell membrane, there are two ways this happens, diffusion and active transport. Diffusion is when molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and water move from areas where there are many of the particles (high concentration) to areas with less (low concentration). Active transport is when substances are at lower concentration and require energy to be transferred. There are two means of active transport, endocytosis which is the movement of molecules from outside to inside the cell and exocytosis which is movement of molecules from inside to outside the cell, both performed via the formation of vesicles which package the molecules then fuse...
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...1.1 Describe the four basic human body structure units and their functions The way in which physical processes and functions take place in the body can be looked at on four main levels, moving progressively from the detailed to the general. At the most detailed level are the cells – the most basic of the physical structure units. Similar cells, when combined and held together, form tissue, the next main structure unit. Organs are collections of tissues that are combined to perform a particular function in the body. Organs do not work in isolation, however, and combine with other organs to create a biological system. Cells The cell is the most basic structural unit in the body. There are around 300 different cell types in the human body. While they differ in function, there are certain fundamental components or features that they generally have in common, such as a nucleus (with the exception of red blood cells), cytoplasm and a cell or plasma membrane. A cell membrane is composed of 60% protein, and 40% lipid, or fat. This membrane is a phospholipid bilayer which contains embedded protein molecules. It is a living boundary separating the living contents of the cell from its environment. Its function is to regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the cell. Within the membrane, the cell consists of cytoplasm, a gel-like substance containing organelles - small structures each with their own function. Common to all human cells except red blood cells, the nucleus is...
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...basic human body structure units and their functions The four basic human body structures and their units are as follows – • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems Cells A cell is the simplest and smallest unit of the human body. They can live independently and can also reproduce themselves. Cells exist in a variety of shapes and sizes including elongated, oval and square. Cells have many different functions. A group of cells is called a tissue. The study of the structure, and the form of cells and tissues is called histology. Joanne Thomas NC26585 Assignment 1 Page 2 Tissues Tissue is a group/organization of a number of similar cells, not all are identical, but all are from the same origin. They carry out a similar function, of which consists of a varying amount of non-living and intercellular substances. There are four main types of tissues – Epithelial tissue This is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering to all the body surfaces and is the main tissue found in glands. This tissue performs a variety of functions including protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory receptors. Connective tissue This binds structures together and provides a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. It also acts as a transport system to carry substances around the body, and it also helps to store flat. It helps to protect the body against...
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...Bodily Systems and the Spatial-Functional Structure of the Human Body Barry Smith, PhD1,2, Igor Papakin1, Katherine Munn1 1Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA Abstract. The human body as conceived by medical science is a system made of systems. The body is divided into bodily systems proper, such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. These are subdivded into many subsystems at a variety of levels whereby all systems and subsystems engage in massive causal interaction with other systems and subsystems. In this essay we offer an explicit definition of bodily system, and explicit means for understanding these causal interactions. Whereas informality is acceptable in documentation created for human beings, it falls short of what is needed for computer representations. In our analysis we will define bodily system, and will take some first steps toward understanding the causal relationships bodily systems have with their subsystems. 1. Introduction Ontology plays an increasingly significant role in work on terminology and knowledge management systems in the domain of biomedical informatics, and we hold that it will play an essential role in biomedical research of the future. The term ‘ontology’ must, however, be understood in the right way [1]. The dominant paradigm might be referred to as ‘applications...
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...Human Body Systems By: Thomas McDonough 5/1/15 Biology Period 5A Table of Contents Chapter 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 2 The Muscular System Chapter 3 The Integumentary System Chapter 4 The Circulatory System Chapter 5 The Respiratory System Chapter 6 The Digestive and Excretory Systems Chapter 7 The Nervous System Chapter 8 The Immune and Endocrine Systems Introduction The human body. A collection of organ systems that make up you, a living thing. But how does that work? How does your body function? The goal of this book is to help you understand all of that. As previously stated, the human body is a collection of organ systems. But what is an organ system? An organ system is a...
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...TMA 1 1.1 Describe the four basic human body structure units and their functions. The four basic human structure units are : * Cells * Tissues * Organs * Systems Cells : These are the basic structural unit of the body that maintain life. Every person consists of billions of cells that perform a infinite number of tasks in order to maintain the continuation of life. These live independently and can reproduce themselves. A cell also comes in different shapes and sizes depending on their function within the stability of life, for example, a mature red blood cell is less than 1mm in diameter and their function is to transport oxygen around the body. Tissues : Tissue is a collection of cells, not identical but a similar function, specialised to perform a specific function. Tissue comes in many different forms including blood, muscle, glands and bone(such as cartilage). These can also form nerve tissue to which are cells that specially conduct electrochemical nerve impulses throughout the body. Organs : All organs are formed when tissue combines with other forms of cells. This then gives you a structural unit, for example, a heart, that perform a specific function. Other examples of organs include the eye, liver, stomach, testis, uterus and kidneys all with their own particular function in sustaining life. Systems : System are cells, tissues and organs all working together to get a final outcome. For example, your digestive system needs a mouth,...
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...Task 1 (L.O-1: 1.1, 1.2 and M1, M2, D2). (1.1) List all the systems of the human body with their functions and major organs. (1.2) Identify how body systems interact to ensure proper functioning and growth of the human body. Deliverables: Learning Outcome 1 (to be met by assessment requirements 1.1 and 1.2) Merit criterion: To achieve M1 you need to research in depth on one major organ in any 3 functional systems. To achieve M2 you will have to mention appropriate references and valid academic sources for gaining information. Distinction Criteria: To achieve D2 you will have to explain any 2 examples of Feedback regulation in detail. Task 2 (L.O-2: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and M2, M3, D1). A 25 year old individual is working full time as a volunteer in a charity organization. His daily job is to distribute leaflets door to door and take part in charity events. He is now preparing for a marathon run organized by his charity foundation which will be held in 6 months’ time. (2.1) Explain how his body responds to his physical activities (particularly in relation to musculo-skeletal system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system). (2.2) Discuss how body responses are explained by cellular and tissue structure and physiology. (2.3)Further, identify how his body will coordinate its internal activities. Deliverables: Learning Outcome 2 (to be met through assessment requirements 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3) Merit criterion:...
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...of small bones forming the backbone, having several projections for articulation and muscle attachment, and a hole through which the spinal cord passes. | Coccyx | Копчик | Сегізкөз | a small, triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and some apes, formed of fused vestigial vertebrae. | Arch | Дуга | Доға | a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it. | Thorax | Грудная клетка | Кеуде қуысы | the part of the body of a mammal between the neck and the abdomen, including the cavity enclosed by the ribs, breastbone, and dorsal vertebrae, and containing the chief organs of circulation and respiration; the chest. | Basic | Основной | Негізгі | forming an essential foundation or starting point; fundamental. | Cartilage | Хрящ | Шеміршек | firm, whitish, flexible connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It is more widespread in the infant skeleton, being replaced by bone during growth. | Pelvis | Таз | Жамбас | the large bony structure near the base of the spine to which the hind limbs or legs are attached in humans and many other vertebrates. | Ligament | Связка | Байлам | a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous...
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...INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Bioinsp. Biomim. 1 (2006) P1–P12 BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS doi:10.1088/1748-3182/1/1/P01 PERSPECTIVE Biomimetics—using nature to inspire human innovation Yoseph Bar-Cohen Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA E-mail: yosi@jpl.nasa.gov Received 7 November 2005 Accepted for publication 7 March 2006 Published 27 April 2006 Online at stacks.iop.org/BB/1/P1 Abstract Evolution has resolved many of nature’s challenges leading to lasting solutions. Nature has always inspired human achievements and has led to effective materials, structures, tools, mechanisms, processes, algorithms, methods, systems, and many other benefits (Bar-Cohen Y (ed) 2005 Biomimetics—Biologically Inspired Technologies (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press) pp 1–552). This field, which is known as biomimetics, offers enormous potential for inspiring new capabilities for exciting future technologies. There are numerous examples of biomimetic successes that involve making simple copies, such as the use of fins for swimming. Others examples involved greater mimicking complexity including the mastery of flying that became possible only after the principles of aerodynamics were better understood. Some commercial implementations of biomimetics, including robotic toys and movie subjects, are increasingly appearing and behaving like living creatures. More substantial benefits of biomimetics include the development of prosthetics...
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...AL2 Seeking the Missing Vesalius Andreas Vesalius ( December 31, 1514 - October 15, 1564) is regarded as the founder of modern human anatomy. Born in Brussels (now modern day Belgium) he was the son of the court apothecary to Emperor Charles V, and his mother coming from a wealthy family afforded him the ability to study at a time where there was a change for great intellectual change. At an early age Vesalius showed an interest in dissection, when he later pursued his studies at the University of Paris he still held a fascination with dissection and therefore devoted his attention largely to anatomy. Once receiving his degree he was immediately offered a position as a lecturer on surgery and anatomy at Padua. Vesalius then later became part of the court of Emperor Charles V by the title of imperial physician. After many anatomical contributions, during Vesalius' pilgrimage he death occurred. While there is no fine historical report to as why he perished on his return, it is said that he became ill upon the ship and had passed away on the Greek island of Zacynthus. Vesalius is referred to as the founder of modern anatomy not only for his contributions to the knowledge of human physical internal structure, but for changing the thought and perception of anatomy as a whole. During his period Vesalius not only contributed major findings, he challenged a figure who no one had yet to go against the word of; the father of modern medicine Galen. Vesalius had discovered during...
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...LEVEL 1 - Cells * Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. * May serve a specific function within the organism * Examples- blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc. | LEVEL 2 - Tissues * Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity * Examples - blood, nervous, bone, etc. Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve. | LEVEL 3 - Organs * Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity * Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc. | LEVEL4 - Organ Systems * Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism. * Examples - circulatory system, nervous system, skeletal system, etc. * The Human body has 11 organ systems - circulatory, digestive, endocrine, excretory (urinary), immune(lymphatic), integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal. | LEVEL 5 - Organisms * Entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce. * Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist. * Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human | Levels of Structural Organization in the human body The human body has 6 main levels of structural organization. We will...
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...Frankenstein - A Sudden Light Broke in Upon Me 1. What was Victor's attention attracted by? The structure of the human frame. (The human body) and generally living things such as animals. 2. What, according to Victor, had stopped people from understanding the mystery of life? Stupidity and carelessness 3. Which areas of study did Victor dedicate himself to? The science of anatomy (the structure of living things) philosophy 4. What made Victor persevere in studies which for most people would have been 'irksome and almost intolerable'? He describes himself as being "animated with an almost supernatural enthusiasm" 5. What childhood experience made Victor unafraid of supernatural horrors? His father had taken great precaution, through education, of him not being afraid of horrors. 6. Where did Victory carry out his research? In Vaults (basement like environment) and Charnel houses (storage place for dead people) 7. What did Victor Witness while carrying out his research? He is watching how the worms are decomposing the dead human bodies 8. Did Victor make his discovery without much effort? No, he worked for days examining, observing and analyzing 9. What did Victor discover? He creates life from lifeless matter The Accomplishment Of My Toils 1. How did Victor feel just before giving life to the monster? Just before giving life to the monster he felt with anxiety that almost amounted to agony After the creation of the monster he was filled with...
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...|Programme |Edexcel BTEC Levels 4 and 5 Higher Nationals in Health and Social | | |Care | |Unit Title: Physiological Principles|Unit : 12 |Date Issued: | |for Health and Social Care | |5 May 2014 | |Student Name |St Patrick Student ID No.: |Date of final | | | |Submission: | | | |2 August 2014 | | |Edexcel Registration No.: | | |Unit Leader: Physiology teaching |Internal Verifier Name: | |team. |Mr Hasa Ram | Rules and regulations: |Plagiarism is presenting somebody else’s work as your own. It includes: copying information directly from the Web or books without | |referencing the material; submitting joint coursework as an individual effort; copying another student’s coursework; stealing | |coursework from another student and submitting it as your own work. Suspected plagiarism will be...
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...Comparison of Another Culture Ronna Cassady NURS 321 Japan is a very respectful country and honors their elders. They will do what they are told without a doubt. They have an honor system and respect each other in many ways, as I will explain to you. Their food base is mainly from the sea, being that they are a bunch of scattered islands surrounded by the sea. The sea is basically a lifeline for them that is why their most popular servings are fish and rice. In Japan a greeting is a very big deal, if not greeted in the correct manner there will be some issues. It is Japanese tradition that you bow to whom you are meeting. It shows respect and in some cases if you want to apologize it is an apologetic gesture. When greeting someone especially when someone is upholding a higher rank then you it is best if you don’t turn your back on him or her that is highly disrespectful. Also while walking in a highly populated area you Japan shouldn’t stare into someone’s eyes that is considered evading someone’s privacy. In addition, many couples in Japan don’t show their affection in public. For instance they don’t hold hands or kiss and hug in public. It is a sign of respect to the bystanders walking by doing their daily routine. It is considered unnecessary to do outside what you do with your loved ones inside your own homes. There is no need to show everyone else that you are dating because it isn’t any of their business. When invited to one’s house it is also in Japanese culture...
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