Human Body Systems

By: Thomas McDonough

5/1/15

Biology Period 5A

Table of Contents

Chapter 1
The Skeletal System

Chapter 2
The Muscular System

Chapter 3
The Integumentary System

Chapter 4
The Circulatory System

Chapter 5
The Respiratory System

Chapter 6
The Digestive and Excretory Systems

Chapter 7
The Nervous System

Chapter 8
The Immune and Endocrine Systems

Introduction

The human body. A collection of organ systems that make up you, a living thing. But how does that work? How does your body function? The goal of this book is to help you understand all of that. As previously stated, the human body is a collection of organ systems. But what is an organ system? An organ system is a …show more content…
-The bones are organized into a structure known as the skeleton.
-The size and shape of bones varies with their function.

Bones have five functions: supporting muscles, giving structure to the body, protecting organs, storing minerals, and making blood cells. The skeleton is split into two sections, the axial and appendicular skeletons. The axial skeleton is made up of the skull, ribs, spine, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, scapula, clavicle, and pelvis.

The bones found in the limbs of the body are called long bones. Long bones are bones that have a long, porous central cavity surrounded by a tough membrane with blood vessels called the periosteum. These central cavities are filled with a hard material compact bone. Compact bone gives the long bones their durability. In the compact bone lies channels called Haversian canals, where blood vessels can run through the bone. Between each Haversian canal are cells called osteocytes. The rest of the space inside of long bone is filled with spongy bone. Spongy bone has a unique structure made of spikes, allowing bones to be lightweight yet strong. Most bones also contain bone marrow which comes in two types, red or yellow. Red bone marrow produces blood cells, while yellow bone marrow stores energy as fat. All of these parts make up the basic long …show more content…
-Muscles’ ability to contract allows the body to move.
-Muscles control several involuntary processes, such as blood flow and digestion.

Muscles have a very important function in the body: movement. Without muscles, our bodies would not be able to do anything. They would not be able to move or maintain themselves. Muscles allow the body to contract to control appendages such as arms and legs and internal organs such as the lungs, digestive tract, and heart. There are three types of muscle, each with a different function within your body. Skeletal muscle moves body parts. Smooth muscle makes up most internal organs. Cardiac muscle makes up the heart.

So what makes these valuable contracting devices, and how do they work? Muscles are made of muscle fibers, which are long, stretched out cells. These fibers contain many nuclei stretched over long distances with light and dark stripes known as striations. Each group of muscle fibers is banded together into a tightly packed bundle of muscle called a fascicle. The fascicles, combined with amounts of connective tissue, form the amazing body parts called