...Environment and Development tried to resolve the problem that lies in contradictions between environment and economical goals; the result was formed in definition of sustainable development: ‘Sustainable development is development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (Smith & Rees 1998, p. 15). Since that long time ago 1987, there have been a lot of researches in this field, and three essential aspects of sustainable development have been defined (Kronenberg & Bergier 2012, p. 24). At first, there is economic – a sustainable system must be able to produce goods and services on a permanent basis, to maintain appropriate levels of debt (government as well as external one), and to avoid significant disbalance in different sectors (that can damage agricultural or industrial production). Second one is environmental aspect – a sustainable system must maintain a stable resource base, avoid over-exploitation of renewable resources, and exhausting nonrenewable resources only if adequate substitutes exist. The last aspect is social one - a sustainable system must characterized by fair distribution and opportunity for everybody, provision of social services (like health, education, etc.) on the adequate level, gender equity, and political accountability and participation (Hofkes 1996, p. 342).These three aspects of sustainability make the originally simple definition of economic development more complicated...
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...Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of economic growth in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving theenvironment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF-Environment, Local people, Future[citation needed]). The term 'sustainable development' was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."[1][2] Alternatively, sustainability educator Michael Thomas Needham referred to 'Sustainable Development' "as the ability to meet the needs of the present while contributing to the future generations’ needs."[3] There is an additional focus on the present generations responsibility to improve the future generations life by restoring the previous ecosystem damage and resisting to contribute to further ecosystem damage. Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges faced by humanity. As early as the 1970s, "sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems."[4]Ecologists have pointed to The Limits to Growth,[5] and presented the alternative of a "steady state economy"[6] in order to address environmental concerns. The concept of sustainable development is often...
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...International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change conTriBuTorS Science Advisor Partha Dasgupta – university of cambridge Report Director anantha Duraiappah – iHDP executive Director Science Director Pablo muñoz – iHDP academic officer Report Authors matthew agarwala – London School of economics and Political Science Giles atkinson – London School of economics and Political Science/centre for climate change economics and Policy edward B. Barbier – university of Wyoming elorm Darkey – university of Bonn Partha Dasgupta – university of cambridge anantha Duraiappah – iHDP Secretariat Paul ekins – university college London Pablo fuentenebro – iHDP Secretariat Juan Sebastian Lozano – The nature conservancy (colombia) kevin mumford – Purdue university Pablo muñoz – iHDP Secretariat kirsten oleson – university of Hawaii Leonie Pearson – university of melbourne charles Perrings – arizona State university chris Perry – un-Water Decade Programme on capacity Development (unW-DPc) Steve Polasky – university of minnesota Heather Tallis – Stanford university Stacie Wolny – Stanford university Report Review Board John agnew – university of california, Los angeles Peter Bartelmus – Bergische universitaet Wuppertal/columbia university Julia Bucknall – World Bank Dabo Guan – university of Leeds michael Harris – university of Sydney rashid Hassan – university of Pretoria nicolas kosoy – mcGill university Jens Liebe – un-Water Decade Programme on capacity Development (unW-DPc)...
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...KCA JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: VOL. 2, ISSUE 1 (2009). STRATEGIC POSITIONING FOR SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: AN ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING APPROACH John I. Njuguna1 Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja, Kenya Abstract Organizational learning is increasingly being considered as one of the fundamental sources of competitive advantage within the context of strategic management. However, most literature has not clearly linked organizational learning with sustainable competitive advantage. This paper, therefore, explores and discusses the role of organizational learning in helping business firms to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Specifically, it deals with how organizational learning process can be used to develop knowledge resources and capabilities that lead to sustainable competitive advantage. The main method used is analysis and integration of theories to develop a conceptual model. This paper proposes that, through organizational learning a firm can develop hard to imitate knowledge resources and capabilities (human capital as well as organizational capital) that create value which in turn lead to superior performance. INTRODUCTION In the 21 century business landscape, firms must compete in a complex and challenging context that is being transformed by many factors from globalization, frequent and uncertain changes to the growing use of information technologies (DeNisi, Hitt and Jackson, 2003). Therefore, achieving a competitive...
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...Sustainable development is a pattern of economic growth in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF-Environment, Local people, Future. Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges faced by humanity. As early as the 1970s, "sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems."[4] Ecologists have pointed to The Limits to Growth. The concept of sustainable development is often broken out into three constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and sociopolitical sustainability. History of the concept The concept of sustainable development was originally synonymous with that of sustainability and is often still used in that way. Both terms derive from the older forestry term "sustained yield", which in turn is a translation of the German term "nachhaltiger Ertrag" dating from 1713. According to different sources, the concept of sustainability in the sense of a balance between resource consumption and reproduction was however applied to forestry already in the 12th to 16th century.[21] ‘Sustainability’ is a semantic modification, extension and transfer of the term ‘sustained yield’. This had been the doctrine and, indeed, the ‘holy grail’ of foresters all over the world for more...
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...common water course and where, as humans settled, simple logic demanded that they become part of a community." (Source: United States Environment Protection Agency - http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/whatis.cfm) There are various reasons for why watershed management is also ecosystem management. As mentioned in the definition above a watershed is a system which links all living things together along with humans, the whole becoming a single community. Watershed development refers to the conservation of all natural resources within a particular watershed. Watershed management is about bringing a balance between the environment and the natural resources within them with the human beings and other living beings in the area. Each watershed is unique and includes a combination of elements which one has to take into account in order to maintain the watershed and land around it. An ecosystem, each watershed results in various interactions such as land use by humans, industries and other activities of the community as all of them are dependant on water for various uses. It has to be ensured that the ecosystems existing before the introduction of the watershed and human practices ensure continuity of the quality of the natural ecosystems in place. Thus each watershed is an ecosystem in itself or may include multiple ecosystems too. Thus it is important to ensure that the quality and condition of the natural ecosystem is retained and human activities are integrated within...
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...What is Sustainable Development? The concept of Sustainable Development has been staged globally as a political and ethical guideline for dealing with the world’s environmental and social crisis in the last two decades. Its growth is often associated with the numerous environmental movements, more popularly by the World Commission on Environment and Development, also known as the Brundtland Commission in 1987. But some studies have found out that its history can be further traced back as early as the European Enlightenment when German Kameralists began to be concerned about handing down “undiminished” dynasties to future generations. In the 1987 Brundtland Report dubbed as Our Common Future, Sustainable Development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. For the business enterprise, sustainable development means adopting business strategies and activities that meet the needs of the enterprise and its stakeholders today while protecting, sustaining and enhancing the human and natural resources that will be needed in the future. Just like a system, the world we live in connects us in space and time. America’s decisions a long time ago, for instance, will not just affect its present and future generations but also even people outside of its continent. Hence, most definitions of sustainable development emphasize the need to recognize how our decisions and actions affect...
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...Birmingham Business School Student ID Number: 1258841 Programme: MSc Human Resource Management Module Title: Training and Development Assignment Title: The benifits and barriers of employers adopt strtegic approach to Human Resource Development. Module Leader: Helen Rainbird Deadline: 10/12/2012 Total words (except reference): 2137 Introduction: ‘The number of countries affected, the volume of trade, and the rate of growth are far greater than in any previous phase’ (Stark, 2005). ‘Inevitably globalization is having a huge impact on the role, nature, and purpose of HRD in organizations of all sizes and sectors across the world’ (2009, David Mankin), Globalization is the characteristic of New Economy, it provide a broader opportunities to new economy development. As an organization, employers must consider a strategic process to compete with other competitors and survive under globalization underground. Organisation need ever-improving performance to survive and prosper in today’s competitive world: individual and organisational performance improvements are the keys to competitive advantages. (Raymond J.Stone 2008). A formal planning procedure and a right position in the competitive arena have been seen as the main strategic concerns of the top management. (Mikko Luoma, 2000). With the time passed from the early days of strategic management, there are some evolution has taken place in strategy (Mikko Luoma, 2000). As David Mankin mentioned in his book...
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...intra-generational equity that relate each other. As our economy is generated by the goods and services developed from natural, social, built/financial capitals, this calculator highlights me the importance of how my daily decision-making can effect largely on the environment and my consumption is overtaken the ability of the earth to sustain inter and intra generations' life cycles. We including humans and other species have only one planet on the earth to survive well. Currently we have an ecological overshoot of human demands on natural assets which have exceeded the Earth's regenerative capacity. (Global Footprint Network, 2012) There are needs for precautions and remedial actions on increased consumptions over natural capital given by the planet's limited natural resources and ecological degradation. To avoid this upcoming effects, we all have our own individual's responsibility to reduce our impact and go GREEN from small to big chances which require our daily informed choices, planning, management, strategy and investment. Moreover, we should set realistic reduction targets and meet them for inter and intra-generations. The report illustrates how I have explored to make changes for sustainable development of an ecological civilization. This is followed by how I will contribute a part for fully-fledged society development of future generations. Finally, I have discussed my views on the global context and concluded the report. Table of My Ecological Footprint My Footprint...
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...What is Sustainable Development? The concept of Sustainable Development has been staged globally as a political and ethical guideline for dealing with the world’s environmental and social crisis in the last two decades. Its growth is often associated with the numerous environmental movements, more popularly by the World Commission on Environment and Development, also known as the Brundtland Commission in 1987. But some studies have found out that its history can be further traced back as early as the European Enlightenment when German Kameralists began to be concerned about handing down “undiminished” dynasties to future generations. In the 1987 Brundtland Report dubbed as Our Common Future, Sustainable Development is defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. For the business enterprise, sustainable development means adopting business strategies and activities that meet the needs of the enterprise and its stakeholders today while protecting, sustaining and enhancing the human and natural resources that will be needed in the future. Just like a system, the world we live in connects us in space and time. America’s decisions a long time ago, for instance, will not just affect its present and future generations but also even people outside of its continent. Hence, most definitions of sustainable development emphasize the need to recognize how our decisions and actions affect...
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...Lumpur International Airport (1998) SILK Kajang Interchange Sayong Bridge CIQ Complex, Johor (2007) Submarine Bay, Sepangar Bay, Kota Kinablu, Sabah We have progressed What do we want? Maximise value of investment Reference Model Competitive Tourism Highly respected SUSTAINABILITY Quality Environmental friendly Energy Efficiency Safety Issues, enablers and recommendations Issues 1. Clarity of outcomes 2. Strategic and integrated planning 3. Innovative Procurement 4. Life Cycle Costing Enablers 1. Human capital development 2. Construction technology 3. ICT Strategic map for improved project delivery in Malaysia Plans ONE MALAYSIA PEOPLE FIRST PERFORMANCE NOW Competitive Reference Model Sustainable Highly respected Safety Quality Tourism Clarity of outcome Strategic and integrated planning Innovative procurement Life Cycle Costing Enablers Human Capital Construction Technology ICT Cost and Impact vs time Impact/Cost Can make fundamental changes Effort not cost effective Less opportunity Consumes valuable time Influence Curve More work needed Little effort Limited to contract matters Effort Curve Not going to change anything Time Implementation Phase Outcome definition PLAN DESIGN TENDER CONTRACT CLOSING 1. Clarity of Outcomes Issues 1 2 3 4 Outcomes versus Output Project alignment to National Physical Plan Competitive edge Alignment to stated policy - labor...
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...living organisms and their environment. C. Environmentalism is a social movement dedicated to protecting life support systems for all species. D. Life and economies depend on solar capital (energy from the sun) and natural capital (Earth’s resources and ecological services). 1. Capital is wealth; solar capital/energy creates renewable energy such as wind power, hydropower from flowing water, and biomass that is solar energy that has been changed to chemical energy and stored, in a biological form, such as wood. 2. Natural capital includes natural resources such as air, water, soil, wildlife, minerals, etc. and ecological services. a. Biological income from fish, grasslands, and underground water can be sustained, IF we don’t deplete it. b. Man, as a newcomer species, is endangering quality of life for us and other species. F. Man must protect our solar and natural capital and live off the resources they provide. 1. For an environmentally sustainable society we must not compromise the needs of future generations. 2. One view is that man must live sustainably by eliminating waste and discontinuing the depletion and degradation of resources. 3. A different view is that man can overcome these problems with ingenuity, economic growth, and technology. 1-2 Population Growth, Economic Growth, Economic Development, and Globalization A....
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...SOM 1. Define the most significant concept of Total Quality Management and critically evaluate the strategic advantages of Total Quality Management. - TQM is a management approach centred on quality, based on the participation of an organisation's people and aiming at long term success. Achieved through customer satisfaction. - Total Quality Management is a management technique used by managers in the production chain and who deal with the tactical and operational decisions. The TQM is organised from senior management and implemented by supervisors and employees in the production area. TQM is a process whereby the need to get everything right the first time and to continually improve the business production is required. Getting things right first time is important to ensure that the business focuses on the customer. - The advantages of total quality management is that the company benefits by having a dedicated workforce who strive and achieve in improving the production line. The raw materials would have to be inspected by workers and line managers to ensure that the goods are free from defects which eliminates and reduces wastage. This in turn reduces costs. The TQM method also has the advantage by having a more productive and successful workforce strategy also has better motivation. The TQM also works by having quality circles of team members and management where their ideas in improving the decision making process is also accomplished. The focus is on the customer in...
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...Team Project Unilever: HRM Strategies Unilever HR Team Fengho Natalya Raul Acsenda School of Management Professor: Pomponia Martinez, M.A.M. BHRM490: HRM STRATEGIES AND WORKPLACE DEVELOPMENT April 28, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………3 Strategic Directions and Priorities………………………………………………………4 Strategic Action Plans……………………………………………………………………5 Forecasting and SWOT Analysis…………………………………………………………5 Alternative 1 (hire more employees)………………………………………………7 Alternative 2 (create Green technology inspires innovative products)…………….8 Alternative 3 (new techniques to help increase its productivity)…………………..8 Alternative 4 (technological advancement “Automation and Robotics”)………….9 Recruitment………………………………………………………………….………….…10 Training and Development……………………………………………………………….11 Sustainable living plan ………………………………………………………………….15 Performance Management…………………………………………………………………17 Recommendation …………...……………………………………………………………18 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….19 References………………………………………………………………………………….19 Introduction Unilever is a multinational company, headquartered in London and Rotterdam. Its products include cleaning agents, personal care, food and beverages. Among their brand are Dove, Axe, Rexona, Magnum and other. The company operates in more than 190 countries and is used by over 2 billion people every day. Their main competitors are Nestlé, Procter & Gamble, L’Oréal, Danone. Unilever is publicly traded...
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...attributes of sustainable activities, namely Societal influence, Environmental impact, Organisational culture and Finance, in conjunction with internal-external and short-term long-term context to develop the sustainable development guiding framework for corporations, i.e. Model of Sustainable Development. Visser (2010) proposed the concept of CSR 2.0, highlighting five dimensions (C)reativity, (S)calability, (R)esponsiveness, (2) glo-cality and 0) or circularity as the five targets for future CSR activities. Unilever’s CSR efforts in 2012 are analysed using the above models and short conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness and overall accountability and transparency achieved by the company. Model of Sustainable Development Theoretical Background Many executives are realising that an enterprise’s environmental and societal impacts influence business long term viability as much as financial performance (Lawler and Worley, 2012). This trend is clearly presented in a recent study by the United Nations (2013) since 96% of surveyed CEOS believe that sustainability is crucial to future success of their companies and they have certain plans to ensure sustainability. Owing to the importance of sustainability in contemporary business, it is of utmost important for firms to understand the meaning of and to develop strategic plan in managing sustainability. The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED, 1987) defined sustainable development as “Development which meets...
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