...Assisted Reproductive and Human Dignity As parents, we already possess high degree of control over the outcome of our children’s lives in the form of environmental choice. I could understand why some parents would be interested in shaping their children even before they are born. I presume they are trying to ensure the best possible lives for them. However, something about designing and modifying children feels un-natural. My initial reaction is that these parents are serving their own desires and looking for personal gain. Truthfully, I don’t think anyone wishes their child is born with a disease. I am however fascinated with all the advancements in reproductive technologies. One hand, it provides hope and a great opportunity to those unable to conceive naturally and also reduce the chances of babies being born with serious disease. But on the other hand, there is the sense of parents playing God. I would say any form or bioengineering or cloning violates the principle of autonomy. By parents choosing their child’s genetic makeup in advance, parents deny them the right to an open future. Then there is the associated risk of multiple gestation pregnancy where they are...
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...Business Ethics: A Discourse on Rights: Moral, Legal, and Human Myriad optimistic forecasts, of what comprises the core of business ethics, have permeated numerous discussions on management and commerce practices in the marketplace today. Global economics and trading across borders nearly demands it. In fact, ‘ethics’ in business has come to represent one of the key buzzwords of our decade, along with ‘sustainability’ and the ideological concept of global warming – seemingly shoved down the throats of people. But what is business ethics anyway, and why does it matter? The discourse herein hopefully highlights a cogent and logically based compilation of answers as required from the rubric of Assignments Four. While this paper is written in essay format, for the sake of clarity and precision for the reader, each section shall appropriately and clearly display the topical area or question being addressed. (1) – Define a right, a legal right, a moral right, and a human right explaining how they are related. The philosophical idea of what constitutes a ‘right’ is an age-old concept that many men of God and theorists have confronted from ancient times. One things seems clear. A ‘right’ cannot be discussed without dividing the premise from a ‘privilege.’ According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a right is simply defined as “being in accordance with what is just, good, or proper” as in conduct (“Right,” 2015). Judge Napolitano defined a right as “a gift from God that extends...
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...2799 words (8 double-spaced pages) Colonel Malham M. Wakin, in his evening address, asks whether Plato's claim that "knowledge is virtue" is true. Much contemporary experience suggests otherwise. To some extent, such an observation could apply to the military as well. Col Wakin argues that we do have some basic knowledge about human conduct, but that we live in a highly pluralistic society in which some practices reject that basic knowledge. Nonetheless, even though we draw members of the military from that pluralistic society, the uniqueness of the military function will always keep its leading practitioners apart from the mainstream of civilian society. The military profession swears to defend the values, the lifestyle that incorporates the minimal conditions for human dignity. After examining the convergence of the values that are functionally necessary for the military and those that we know are fundamental to social existence, he concludes that a competent military profession can serve as a moral anchor for its parent society. I Many years ago when I learned I was going to have the opportunity to study philosophy at the graduate level, I was tremendously excited. What a wonderful opportunity this would be, I thought, to sit at the feet of Socrates and be enlightened by those who studied the crucial problems of human existence. I expected that senior philosophy professors would be marvelous role models in their personal lives and I looked forward with great anticipation...
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...subject cannot be found within the article, but she does present supportive evidence corroborated by experts in their fields that suggest legalizing organ sales could be damaging. This supportive evidence includes data on the shortage of organs and its effects, the actual monetary worth of a kidney, and an ethical dilemma – what happens when you put a price on a human life? Schulman offers statistics, expert opinions and ethical points as supportive evidence to an article that offers the reader a lot of information, but does not persuade the reader one way or another. The author attempts to appeal to her audience’s logic with data on the shortage of donated organs; stating that as of March 6th, 2012, the wait list just for kidneys was 91,015 and only 5,232 donations from living donors (Perspectives on Contemporary Issues, pg. 446). Schulman also states that the shortage has led to violations of US and international laws against kidney sales (Perspectives on Contemporary Issues, pg. 446). For example, the article includes that a 17-year old from China sold his kidney to get enough money for an iPhone (Perspectives on Contemporary Issues, pg....
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...days of Florence Nightingale, not only with medicines but also with the care of patients. Because of these changes and growth the code of ethics was developed and regulatory agencies were created to help and guide nurses. There are numerous professional nursing organizations, many catering to a nurses personal career choice. As an Emergency Room Nurse belonging to the Emergency Nurses Association, one of the many professional nursing organizations, has proven to be an asset to my career. Their mission is to advocate for patient safety and excellence in the emergency nursing practice, (ENA 2015) which differs from the Board of Nursing. The Board of Nursing serves as a regulatory board, overseeing the practice and licensure of each nurse. Some professional nursing organizations, such as NSO, provide liability insurance to nurses. Other benefits of professional organizations may include free CE, preferred pricing on exams, resources, and networking. Being a member to both of the above organizations has given me peace of mind and continuous learning and growth in my nursing career. PNO functions are different from regulatory agency such as a regulatory agency has the power to revoke a nursing license or bring legal actions against a nurse but a PNO are mainly resources to enhance nurses. Every nurse is faced with the nursing code of ethic in their practice. An unethical nurse cannot practice nursing for very long or should. Nurses face ethical hurdles every shift, such as confidentiality...
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... 1.0.1 What Is Ethics? Ethics commonly means the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct. Professional philosophers use the term ‘ethics’ to refer to the systematic study of these rules or principles, but the companies shall accept the more common definition and focus on the principles themselves. Ethical rules embody the idea of morality or, in other words, notion of what is morally right and good, as well as those things considered to be morally wrong and bad. Ethical rules and conduct attempt to be provide guidelines for human behavior that will preserve a society’s. a group’s or an individual person’s notion of morality. 1.0.2 Why Ethical Practices Are Important? Ethics involves trust and fairness. Ethics is a code of demeanor that dictates an individual's or group's actions. Numerous triumphant business owners comprehend the significance of ethical practice for the reason that failure is plausible devoid of it. The consequence of a business that employs ethical practices are customer loyalty, and finding a corporation that you can reliance is forever in demand. Additionally, ethical deeds and corporate social accountability can attract significant benefits to a business. Moreover, people who work in business will be protected by their high ethical performance. Business would reap many rewards in the form of high morale and improved activity by treating the employees with dignity and integrity. It’s beneficial...
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...family. Nurses are typically the ones who actually witnesses the patient's or family's struggle to make crucial decisions. Most often nurses are engaged with the patient and their family more than any other healthcare provider. One key fact to recognize is nurses bring with them their personal values, which at times can be in direct conflict with what their patient wants. Nurses need to find a way to reconcile their moral values with the obligations of their profession. Nurses should never forget that patients have the right to refuse medical treatment. It is the nurse's responsibility to support their patient's right to make that medical decision. Nurses are accountable and responsible to provide compassionate safe quality care with dignity and respect....
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...education programs” (Board of Nursing, n.d.). The American Nurses Association Illinois (ANA-Illinois) is an organization that advocates for all nurses. The board is elected not appointed by a state agency. The purpose of ANA-Illinois is “to protect the practice of nursing by ensuring that nursing’s priorities are incorporated into legal and regulatory decisions” (ANA-Illinois, 2015). B. Nursing Code Examples The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics influences my nursing practice daily. The respect for human dignity is a code that I follow with every patient and family member. It helps guide me in situations where I may be frustrated with the choices a patient makes regarding his or her health, or the lifestyle the patient chooses to live. A nurse is not a judge. We are there to advocate and care for our patients. We, as nurses, are to “practice with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person” (Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2015). Accountability is a part of the Code of Ethics. This is an area that all nurses must practice every day. Accountability impacts a wide area of my nursing practice. We have to be accountable for the decision we make and actions we take in the care of our patients....
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...Commercialization of Transplants Introduction The 1983 Human Tissue Act 65 regulates every aspect concerning organ transplants (Schicktanz, and Chair in Bioethics (Ḥefah), 2013). Since its last amendment in 1989, there have been tremendous developments in medical science. Presently, organ transplants are nearly routine operations in various hospitals. Commercializing human part for transplantation has also seen an increase in demand for sperms, hair, plasma, eggs, among others. Even so, there are arguments for and against the commercialization of human organs such as marrow, kidney, and sundry, with both sides of the arguments facing criticism. It is imperative to investigate ethical aspects regarding commercialization of human organs. To reach a conclusion on whether it is ethical or unethical, this paper summarizes both sides of the argument and later presents a moral argument and rationale for commercialization of transplants. Without commercialization, there would be few potential donors willing to give out their organs to a dying patient who needs the specific organ urgently, which is contrary to human dignity. This is the moral argument in this report. Arguments for commercialization In 2009, a group of cancer patients, bone-marrow donation advocates, and parents filled a lawsuit against the US government. The federal law had banned buying and selling of human organs. One of the parents had three daughters suffering from a blood disorder called Fanconi anemia, whose...
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...Summary * Individuals must understand the role that social justice has in the implementation of practices such as physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. * Social justice is the primary form of justice, but it encompasses other types of justice such as commutative, restorative, distributive, and contributive. * The four types of social justice are significant as they cover all the human entitlements. The social work department incorporates human rights in the creation and implementation of policies dealing with end of life decisions. * Euthanasia has evolved to become an important ethical concern especially for the elderly. * Many individuals in the recent times have changed their outlook regarding the issue of physically assisted death. Main ethical concerns * Euthanasia is a Greek word, which implies a ‘good death.’ * In the contemporary world, euthanasia is the compassionate activity of ending the life of a terminally ill patient. * Conversely, physician-assisted death occurs when a doctor provides the means of suicide to a patient who has chosen to end their life. * There are two categories of euthanasia, which are active and passive. * Active euthanasia involves the activity by a physician to fasten the death process such as administering of a lethal injection. * Passive euthanasia involves the behavior of withholding the essential care that leads to survival such as refusing to administer the necessary medications...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmasdf...
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...Human Values and Ethics in the Workplace Improving leadership and performance in the water education, supply and sanitation sectors © 2005 UN- HABITAT (www.unhabitat.org) and the Global Dharma Center (www.globaldharma.org). All rights reserved. UN(www.unhabitat.org) (www.globaldharma.org). 1 Imagine for a moment… You are planning a trip into a native, traditional territory for two weeks What kind of guide would you want to accompany you: Someone who has only read about the territory? Someone who has visited the territory themselves? Someone who has lived in the territory? Our agenda together Living in the native, traditional territory Identifying the relevance and benefits of human values at work Discovering your explicit and implicit / hidden human values strengths Developing trust by expressing purity and unity of thought, word, and action Applying human values in a practical way at work Our agenda together Guiding others through native, traditional territory Generating creative solutions to ethical issues at work related to water and sanitation, based on human values Establishing guiding principles for everyone to practice human values and ethics at work Being a champion of human values and ethics in the workplace In our work together… We will be focusing on how human values and ethics impact the way you do your work in waterrelated education, supply and sanitation: Your attitudes Your behaviour How you make decisions How you relate to others How...
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...Although the physician does not directly end the patient’s life, physician-assisted suicide (PAS) occurs when the physician provides the means (i.e. information or drugs) to commit suicide. Patients who request PAS from their doctors usually suffer from terminal illnesses, such as AIDS, cancer, or neurological disorders, in which death is inevitable, and it is estimated that 12% of physicians receive at least one request for PAS per year (Beck, Wallace, Starks & Pearlman, 1996). While some people believe that the ability to end life in those cases is critical for preserving human dignity, PAS is still a controversial topic because others do not consider assisted suicide moral. The main argument against PAS is that it is contradictory to traditional religious beliefs and philosophical systems. For example, suicide has been considered a sin by the Catholic Church because the people believed God was responsible for creating life and was therefore the only one who had the right to take it (New York State Task Force on Life and the Law [NYSTF], 1994). Although that belief cannot be proven in science, some social groups still consider that God is the only one with the right to take life, and their personal beliefs must be respected. In Ancient Greece, suicide had also been regarded as an abandonment of duty, but current trends are starting to favor individual well-being over compliance to social norms and expectations. Some physicians also believe that using anesthetics should...
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...those who are relatively more disadvantaged (Munro 1998). To avoid a descent into nihilism, Bauman proposes that the way out of the dilemma is through encouraging development in others of what he calls the ‘moral impulse’. His post-foundationalist approach to ethics endeavors to overcome some of the inevitable confusion created by empirical relativism and moral uncertainty by inviting individuals to transcend their egoistic moral understandings of the social self and consequently, act more caringly and responsibly towards others (Benhabib 1992; Legge 1998a, 1998b; Letiche 1998; Willmott 1998). In general, we are not ‘against ethics’ as such although all are...
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...Utilitarianism, Kantian Ethics, Natural Rights Theories, and Religious Ethics A “utilitarian” argument, in the strict sense, is one what alleges that we ought to do something because it will produce more total happiness than doing anything else would. Act utilitarianism (AU) is the moral theory that holds that the morally right action, the act that we have a moral duty to do, is the one that will (probably) maximize “utility” (happiness, welfare, well-being). AU is not to be confused with egoism. The egoist really only cares about his own happiness. AU says that everyone’s happiness counts equally. Suppose that executing Joseph would in the long run produce more total happiness than letting him live would. Then according to AU, we ought to execute Joseph. Now if Joseph is a convicted serial murderer who would probably escape and commit more murders if we tried to incarcerate him, then it’s reasonable to think that executing him would be the right thing to do. But what if he has committed no crime? What if he is simply an extremely irritating person with no friends or loved ones, and the many people with whom he has contact in his life are very sensitive and dislike him intensely? Since more total happiness is produced if Joseph dies (the increased happiness of the many who no longer have to endure him outweighs his unhappiness about dying) than if he lives, AU says that it’s right to kill him. This example illustrates what is probably the main objection to AU: it tells us to violate...
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