...The Human Digestive System Human Digestive SCI/241 Nutrition November 22, 2012 Mr. Brain Oddi By: Lenicia Ridley The Human Digestive System Human Digestion 1. How long does it take for food to go through the digestive system? Salivary glands begin the digestive process at the sight and smell of food. After, food enter the mouth and is moistened by, saliva and chewed by the teeth, it transforms into a bolus. Once the bolus leaves the mouth, it moves into the pharynx where it can be swallowed. The bolus then moves from the pharynx into the esophagus, which connects the pharynx to the stomach. Once the bolus reaches the stomach, it is mixed with acid secretions to transform the bolus into chime, a semiliquid food mass. Food is partially digested into the stomach, and chime usually empties from the stomach in 2 to 6 hours. This timeframe is determined by the size and type of meal ingested. 2. How does digestion occur...
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...Human Digestive System Twila Williams January 7, 2015 SCI/241 Shirlene Small Digestion is movement of breaking down what food you consume in your body through your mouth into molecules so that the body can absorb it. “Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in our diets must be broken down and later, reassembled in forms useful to our body.” (Carter, 2014) We often eat foods that are hard to digest or we have a problem that won’t allow us to digest foods properly. The digestion process is very important for our bodies to provide the necessary nutrients it needs to survive, but is the most complicated process. Before I take you through the process of the human digestive system, let me tell you about some foods that the body will digest easily and those foods that are hard to digest. If your diet consist of being high in fiber and fats then your body will have problems digesting these foods. Though fiber is supposed to be good for the body, it is also hard to digest. The organs and format that consist of the path that food travels through the human digestive system would consist of the mouth, which food enters and comes in contact with your saliva. The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, all provide the necessary enzymes from their secretions for the process of the digestive system. When we see and smell food our saliva glands begin the process of the digestive system. After one put food in their mouth the teeth chew the food allowing the food to turn...
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...The reproductive system or genital system is a system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ systems, the sexes of differentiated species often have significant differences. These differences allow for a combination of genetic material between two individuals, which allows for the possibility of greater genetic fitness of the offspring. The major organs of the reproductive system includes, the external genitalia as well as a number of internal organs including the gamete producing gonads . Diseases of the human reproductive system are very common and widespread, particularly communicable sexually transmitted diseases. Most other vertebrate animals have generally similar reproductive systems consisting of gonads, ducts, and openings. However, there is a great diversity of physical adaptations as well as reproductive strategies in every group of vertebrates. Human reproductive system Human reproduction takes place as internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. During this process, the erect penis of the male is inserted into the female's vagina until the male ejaculates semen, which contains sperm, into the female's vagina. The sperm then travels through the vagina and cervix into the uterus or fallopian tubes for fertilization of the ovum. Upon successful fertilization and implantation...
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...Human Mating Systems By Samantha Nemasango Evolutionary psychology are debating on whether humans are designed for monogamy, polygyny or extra marital relationship (Hazan and Zeifman, 1999) Mating systems refers to how human and other animals form sexual relationships 4 types, monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, polygynandry or promiscuity ( Valsiner, 2000) Fig1: percentages of the mating systems MONOGAMY Mating system which involves one male and one female 2types of monogamy, perennial and serial Perennial monogamy- pair bonds for life (Black,2001) 20% of world society are perennial monogamist Serial monogamydifferent partners throughout lifetime but one partner at a time (United States) Fig2: male and female monogamy 16% of human society practising monogamy E.g Mesopotamia, Romans and modern christians Monogamy may be the consequence of mate guarding Males prevents food theft Reduces infanticide and sexual coercion No sperm competition Humans are one of the 32 species with concealed ovulation Concealed ovulation is associated with monogamy Fig3: ratios of male and female in different mating systems Discourages man to search for another partner because he will not know who is fertile among them Females way of keeping males from killing their offspring (Rice, 2007) Increased paternal certainty and care Female lost estrous synchrony Fig 4: Fertility rate in mono / polygyny...
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...Systems of the Human Body There are many systems in the human body. These systems include the circulatory system, respiratory system, immune system, skeletal system, excretory system, urinary system, muscular system, endocrine system, digestive system, nervous system and the reproductive system. I will give the basics on each system. The circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels. It pumps blood to the body which sends oxygen to the cells and takes away waste. The respiratory system includes the nose, trachea and lungs and is needed to deliver oxygen to the blood and also to take away carbon dioxide from the body. Then, there is the Immune system which helps to keep the body stay well and free from diseases. In the immune system, are different kinds of cells, proteins, organs and tissue like our skin which is the very first line of defense for the immune system. The skeletal system includes the bones and helps us stay upright and able to move and protects the body’s organs along with the muscular system which is made up of the muscles. The excretory system includes the lungs, large intestine and kidneys. Its job is get rid of the waste that the body makes in the form of exhaling carbon dioxide from the lungs, feces from the large intestine and urine from the kidneys. . The urinary system is made up of the bladder and kidneys and is actually part of the excretory system as it rids our bodies of waste in the form of urine. The digestive system includes...
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...Human Reproductive System Medical Administrative Assistant Module C Sary Metellus Content 01. Reproduction 02. Female Reproduction What it Does Good and Bad 03. Male Reproduction What it Does Good and Bad 04. Fertilization 05. References Human Reproduction System Hi, my name is Sary Metellus and I am doing an essay on the Human Reproductive System, Male and Female. “All living things reproduce.” (Steven Dowshen, Femal Reproductive System, 2010) That’s a pretty interesting saying. Both male and female reproductions are very important to produce a new individual – a child, baby. Now I’m writing about the female system like the organs unlike the males which are hung out, the females are inside the body. The female’s internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina is the inside the body which is connected to the vulva and that is the outside covering. It’s a muscular hollow tube, which connects the opening to the uterus. It’s muscular so it can contract and expand, which helps with delivering a baby or using a tampon. The cervix is the neck, which has strong thick walls, and it is the opening to the uterus. The uterus is shaped like an upside-down pear and is very strong, it is the part where it will hold the baby and grow the baby in it. The uterus is connected to the fallopian tube which connects to the ovaries. There are two oval-shaped ovaries, one on each side of the...
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...The Female Reproductive System Human reproduction, always an object of the most intense interest, has lately become the darling of the media, the subject of innumerable television talk shows, magazine articles, and newspaper editorials. With each new medical breakthrough in fertility and family planning, the noise level grows higher. From elementary school onward we're now deluged with information, some factual, some not on menstruation and menopause, conception and contraception. Sorting it all out may seem impossible. But a reasonable understanding of the basics of reproduction can make the job easy. As you weigh your options, whether to encourage pregnancy or forestall it, your best resource is a working knowledge of the organs, glands, and hormones that prepare your body for motherhood. The reproductive system begins at the external genital area or vulva, which runs from the pubic area downward to the rectum. Two folds of fatty, fleshy tissue surround the entrance to the vagina and the urinary opening: the labia majora, or outer folds, and the labia minora, or inner folds, located under the labia majora (Thibodeau and Patton, 2008.) The clitoris, is a relatively short organ (less than one inch long), shielded by a hood of flesh (Reproductive System, 2009.) When stimulated sexually, the clitoris can become erect like a man's penis. The hymen, a thin membrane protecting the entrance of the vagina, stretches when you insert a tampon or have intercourse. From this point onward...
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...The Digestive System is made up of organs that break down food into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for energy, growth, and repair. After the food is chewed and swallowed, it goes down the throat and enters the stomach. It is further broken down by powerful stomach acids. From the stomach the food travels into the small intestine. This is where your food is broken down into nutrients that can enter the bloodstream through tiny hair-like projections. The excess food that the body doesn't need or can't digest is turned into waste and is eliminated from the body. The digestive system is a key component of everyday life due to the fact it handles all the intake of water and food sources. The Endocrine System is made up of a group of glands that produce the body's long-distance messengers, or hormones. Hormones are chemicals that control body functions, such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The glands, which include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, thymus gland, pineal body, pancreas, ovaries, and testes, release hormones directly into the bloodstream, which transports the hormones to organs and tissues throughout the body. This system is not a major component but does play an important role in the growth process. The Lymphatic System is also a defense system for the body. It filters out organisms that cause disease, produces white blood cells, and generates disease-fighting...
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...NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is the complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The Central NS is made up of the brain and spinal cord BRAIN The brain lies within the skull and is shaped like a mushroom. The brain consists of four principal parts: * the brain stem * the cerebrum * the cerebellum * the diencephalon The brain weighs approximately 1.3 to 1.4 kg. It has nerve cells called the neurons and supporting cells called the glia. There are two types of matter in the brain: grey matter and white matter. Grey matter receives and stores impulses. Cell bodies of neurons and neuroglia are in the grey matter. White matter in the brain carries impulses to and from grey matter. It consists of the nerve fibers or the axons. * The brain stem The brain stem is also known as the Medulla oblongata. It is located between the pons and the spinal cord and is only about one inch long. * The cerebrum The cerebrum forms the bulk of the brain and is supported on the brain stem. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres. Each hemisphere controls the activities of the side of the body opposite that hemisphere. The hemispheres are further divided into four lobes: * Frontal lobe * Temporal lobes * Parietal lobe * Occipital lobe * The cerebellum This is located behind and below the cerebrum. * The diencephalon ...
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...Human Resources Systems: Systems that maintain employee records; Track employee skills, job performance, and training; and support planning for employee compensation and career development. Examples System Description Organizational Level Training and development Track employee training, skills, and performance appraisals operational Career pathing Design career paths for employees knowledge Compensation analysis Monitor the range and distribution Of employee wages, salaries, and benefits Management Human resources planning Plan the long-term labor force needs of the organization Strategic Types of HR information systems: The function of human resources (HR) departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. Efficient and effective management of "human capital" progressed to an increasingly imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource management systems. 1. The Payroll Module: It automates the pay process by gathering data on employee time and attendance, calculating various deductions and taxes, and generating periodic pay cheques and...
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...Human Body System Research Skeletal System Functions: The Skeletal system performs vital functions; supports movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation. That enables the human body to survive. Main Parts / Structures and Functions: The skeleton is divided into two major parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and includes skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs. Example of Cell Specialization: Osteoprogenitor Cells: Osteoprogenitor cells are immature cells that are mainly based in the bone marrow (a soft fatty substance in the...
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...Question Research a Human Resource Information System (HRIS) software program, such as People Soft. (However, there are several other excellent programs that you can research that address a broad range of HR issues from recruiting to payroll.) Discuss the program's main attributes and how it interfaces with human resource information systems and strategic human resources planning Answer Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is the software and also the online solution for the purpose of data entry, data tracking, and also the data information needs of Human Resources, the payroll, the management, and also the accounting functions foe the business. It is generally packaged as the data base. There are various companies which sell the Human Resource Information System (HRIS) and every Human Resource Information System (HRIS) possess different capabilities. For choosing Human Resource Information System (HRIS) one should be careful based on capabilities as required by your company. Attributes of HarrisData Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) are: * It manages the information of the entire employee. * It is reporting and analysis of the employee information. * It maintains company related documents like employee handbook, the emergency evacuation procedures, and also the safety guidelines. * It provides the Benefits of administration which includes the enrollment, status changes, and the personal information updating. * It gives the complete integration...
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...the central nervous system (CNS)? The central nervous system, also known as the CNS, consists of three(3) major components of the human body: * Brain – the brain is made up of three(3) parts: the cerebrum, the diencephalon, and the hindbrain. * Nerve Tissue – this part of the CNS is comprised of neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. * Spinal Cord – protected by vertebrae in the back, the spinal cord is made up of fiber tracts and spinal nerves. (Pedersen DD; PsychNotes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed, F.A. Davis Company, 2011, Ch. 9, pg. 1) One of the two major divisions of the human body’s nervous system, the central nervous system is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly. In other words, its job is to get information from the body and send out instructions to the body. * What is the job of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? The peripheral nervous system, or PNS, is made up of two(2) components of the human body: * Afferent System – this system is made up of somatic and visceral sensory neurons. * Efferent System – this part of the PNS controls the somatic nervous system (somatic motor neurons), as well as the parasympathetic nervous system, both of which are made up visceral motor neurons. (Pedersen DD; PsychNotes: Clinical Pocket Guide, 3rd ed, F.A. Davis Company, 2011, Ch. 9, pg. 2) The other major division of the human body’s nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, consists of all...
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...UNIT 8 HUMAN SYSTEMS RESOURCE INFORMATION Structure 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 Objectives Introduction Information: Some Basic Guidelines Human Resource Information at Macro Level Human Resource Information at Micro Level Effective Human Resource Information System: Some Approaches Why Computerise Personnel Records and Information Systems? Computer Applications in Human Resource Management: An Overview Let Us Sum Up Clues to Answers 8.0 OBJECTIVES After having read this Unit, you should be able to: • understand the dynamics of information system and its use as a tool for measurement, • examine the significance of information in human resource management, • appreciate the approaches to the information system at the macro and micro levels, • consider the shortcomings of manual information system, and • discuss merits of computerisation and its applications in effective Human Resource Information System. 8.1 INTRODUCTION Human Resource Planning is concerned with the controlled utilisation of human resources to achieve pre-set objectives, both short-term and long-term. It has three main features: 1) Demand work involving analysing, reviewing, and attempting to forecast the number in terms kind, level, functions, etc. 2) Supply work attempting to predict what action is, and will be needed to ensure that the required numbers are available. 3) Designing the interaction between demand and supply...
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...UNIT 8 HUMAN SYSTEMS RESOURCE INFORMATION Structure 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 Objectives Introduction Information: Some Basic Guidelines Human Resource Information at Macro Level Human Resource Information at Micro Level Effective Human Resource Information System: Some Approaches Why Computerise Personnel Records and Information Systems? Computer Applications in Human Resource Management: An Overview Let Us Sum Up Clues to Answers 8.0 OBJECTIVES After having read this Unit, you should be able to: • understand the dynamics of information system and its use as a tool for measurement, • examine the significance of information in human resource management, • appreciate the approaches to the information system at the macro and micro levels, • consider the shortcomings of manual information system, and • discuss merits of computerisation and its applications in effective Human Resource Information System. 8.1 INTRODUCTION Human Resource Planning is concerned with the controlled utilisation of human resources to achieve pre-set objectives, both short-term and long-term. It has three main features: 1) Demand work involving analysing, reviewing, and attempting to forecast the number in terms kind, level, functions, etc. 2) Supply work attempting to predict what action is, and will be needed to ensure that the required numbers are available. 3) Designing the interaction between demand and supply...
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