... |PSY/405 Version 2 | | |Theories of Personality | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course surveys the field of personality from a scientific perspective, examining the general approaches to understanding personality. The key theorists and concepts associated with each perspective are highlighted, along with the strengths and limitations of the different approaches. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. |Week One: Introduction to Personality ...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Paper PSY 405 February 15, 2014 Instructor: University of Phoenix Humanistic and Existential Personality Theory Although philosophers and psychologists interpret existentialism in a variety of ways, some common elements are found among most existential thinkers. First, existence takes precedence over essence. Existence means to emerge or to become; essence implies a static immutable substance. Existence suggests process; essence refers to a product. Existence is associated with growth and change; essence signifies stagnation and finality. (Fiest, Feist & Roberts (2013) Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories offered perspectives that have proven to be valuable. Humanistic and Existential theories focus on the different aspects of an individual in their journey toward self-actualization. From Carl Rogers’s development of the actualizing tendency and the formative tendency to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there is a diverse range of perspective. In this paper, we will analyze how humanistic and existential theories affect individual personalities and explain how these personality theories influence interpersonal relationships. Effect on Individual Personalities Our personalities consist of many complex characteristics and have been classified into a wide array of theories. One main concept of these theories is known as the Learning theory. Learning theory is defined as the process by which humans...
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... |PSY/405 Version 2 | | |Theories of Personality | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course surveys the field of personality from a scientific perspective, examining the general approaches to understanding personality. The key theorists and concepts associated with each perspective are highlighted, along with the strengths and limitations of the different approaches. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Feist, J., & Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Introduction to Personality...
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...Analyze how humanistic theory affects individual personalities. Maslow felt if you reached this level of self-actualization, you have reached the highest of all levels of human psychological development. You had developed a strong sense of self with the ability to have control of your feelings, the internal self (self-esteem) even when others around you reject or put you down, and in extreme cases even turn their backs on you. You are independent of others to satisfy your feeling of love or self-esteem they are independent or separate, becoming independent from a lower level where they first originated. Rogers stated: “Not everyone becomes a psychologically healthy person. Rather, most people experience conditions of worth, incongruence, defensiveness, and disorganization” (Feist, Feist & Roberts, 2013 p.302). The basic theory is based on self-reliance, people are capable of doing what is needed to motivate and accomplish their own personal goals from within themselves, where no outside motivation is needed. Based on freedom and being responsible, you have the freedom to choose your actions, as long as you also claim responsibility for those same actions. (Being accountable for own actions) By opening this new door in psychology, it has allowed researchers to examine the questions we ask ourselves, such as: Who am I? Is life worth living? Does it have a meaning? What is my purpose here? We are responsible for who we are and who we have become, not our parents or guardians...
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...genetic makeup, but he or she will still have an individual personality to call his or her own. The study of personality is quite complex and involves many ideas and theories from wide variety of scholars. Personality is also something people can share and relate to with one another. According to Allport, “Personality is about what is unique to the individual, but it is also about what is shared across people” (Allport, 1962). Although there are several approaches to the personality analysis, this paper will specifically focus on the psychodynamic, humanistic and existential approaches. This paper will compare and contrast these theories, explore the characteristics that accompany these theories, and explain the interpersonal relational aspects associated with these particular theories. Psychodynamic Theory The theory of psychodynamics is the basic study of all psychological abilities that place an influence on human behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). This may especially include the compelling relationships among the motivation of the conscious and unconscious, which were the ideas of Sigmund Freud. Although Freud established the ideas of “psychodynamics” to explain the mind flow of the libido, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Melanie Klein should also be accredited for laying the foundation for the psychodynamic theory (Wikipedia Foundation, Inc., 2011). The ideas behind psychodynamics are often divided into two sections. The first is the interaction of emotional forces, which is...
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...Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories Melanie Gruber PSY/405 Chalice Jenkins March 25, 2012 Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories When it comes to the definition of learning theories, it is often described as the process in which human beings learn. This also includes how an individual adapts to a relatively permanent behavioral change with a constant reminder of its potential (Feist & Feist 2000). The most noteworthy learning theories within this analysis include Bandura’s social cognitive theory, Skinner’s behaviorism, Rotter and Mischels cognitive social theory and lastly, Kelly’s psychology of personal constructs. Carl Rogers was known for his humanistic and existentialism theories while May and Maslow were able to adopt a holistic approach. This method was able to determine psychological health and human existence by means of value, responsibility, personal experience, spirituality, human potential and self-actualization (Colman, ed.,2010). Within the combined knowledge of learning and humanistic/existentialism theories, we are able to thoroughly understand the nature of human beings along with their developing personalities. Each stem from a reaction to external environments especially within the social structure; this is known to accommodate the prevailing affects of an individual’s own internal climate. Personality as it Affects Situational Behaviors Cognitive, environmental, and behavioral conditions...
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...Parrott, L., III. (2003). Counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Overview of Models and Theories of Helping | |Existential and Humanistic Theories and Approaches to Change | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Identify the components of a model or theory of helping. | | | | |Examine the history of models and theories of helping. | | | | |Examine major existential and humanistic theories. | | | | |Identify existential and humanistic approaches, skills, and techniques for use by human | | | | |services workers. | | | |Readings |Read Ch. 5, 6...
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...does. Free will plays a noteworthy role in this perspective because it provides one with the opportunity for making choices when it comes to his or her performance and the outcome of his individuality. This suggests that personality is so incredible that one can change based exclusively on the will of an individual instead of relying on any societal standards. This point of view strongly supports individual growth and helps one to attain self- fulfillment. At the same time, the humanistic/existential theory believes one should live his life as authentically as he should or can, but is merely probable if one is aware of the duty that comes from living. This is a person center view because it acknowledges the complete person and how he sees himself if in the world they live, which allow for further growth. “The humanistic/existential theory does not consider that any unconscious forces, indentified by traits, control humanity, or some inherited factors,” (Feist & Feist, 2009, p. 36). The dispositional theory considers other aspects contributing to the development of personality. * What factors do you think have contributed to Rodriguez’s success? Was he merely “in the right place at the right time,” or are there circumstances about him that contribute to his success? To answer a question one would need to ponder the difference in the person who just settles versus the person keeps at it repeatedly even though things may not feel comfortable at that particular moment. Most...
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...Personality theory analysis Danielle williams psy/405 07/01/2014 Sharon Friedman Personality theory analysis Over a vast period of time many different phycologist have pondered the makings of the human personality. Not only did phycologist have to consider what makes up the human personality; these same brilliant minds came up with several various approaches to the human personality. Each one of the following positions or theories all touch basis on different developments of a person’s personality. Whether it is the dispositional approach that theorist state are key traits in development that make an individual unique to him or her, or the humanist/existential approach which focuses more on the evidence for the stability of genetically influenced personality, more specifically evolution and how it applies to the issues of ambition and leadership. Here we will describe the differences between dispositional personality and humanistic. In this essay we will discuss the role of personality in affecting situational behavior. Following this, examine the personality characteristics attributed to each theory in our approach. Finally, we will explain the interpersonal relational aspects associated with the theories selected. . A number of different theories have emerged to explain different aspects of personality. Some theories focus on explaining how personality develops while others are concerned with individual differences in personality. In the following we will review...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Learning Team A PSY 405 Dr. Sharp June 29, 2015 Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Personality is a fascinating model and provides its very own unique makeup to study. It’s observed in aspects of all behavior and verbal languages. There’s a saying that goes, “Action speaks louder than words.” While words do give meaning and reflect a sense of character, the actions of a person can give insight to patterns and provide details to who a person is as a whole. Is there an actual number for the different personalities that exist? In other words, can personality truly be measured? If so, what proof can be provided to say that a Type A and Type B personality exist? If psychology suggests that people develop their personalities through many systems, patterns or functions, people may dismiss perceiving themselves as whole as oppose to a compound of many traits. Truth is, theories provide possible explanations for what information isn’t given in addition to the facts that present themselves. If we switch the focus of personality being a product of experiences to personality being the result of relations shared with the experiences, we allow our minds to expand to a potential truth that stretches belief. On the subject of what explanations help people to understand how personalities are developed, it is essential to consider the Holistic-Dynamic and existential theory as they pertain to the engineering process that shape...
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...Personal Theory Exploration Sarah Haeck Bowling Green State University Growing Awareness “Knowledge is power.” -Sir Francis Bacon Knowledge is indeed powerful. It allows one to see things in more comprehensive ways. Knowledge doesn’t let one settle. It molds and evolves within someone. Knowledge pushes one to betterment. It can come from outside sources but always is processed and implemented within. As a counselor, knowledge is vital to the wellness and development of the client. Knowing who we are, where we come from, what influences us, and what makes us who we are, these are just some of the questions that help us discover ourselves. I have spent a great deal of time and effort understanding who I am and what goes into that. As well as how the situations and people around me have made impressions on my life. Then beginning to dealing with the issues that have come up because of these things. At the end of the day, I believe a few things to be true: relationships mold our existence, our spiritual lives affect us, and a holistic view and self-awareness are keys to growth. As I have traced the steps of several theories, one sticks out as primary to who I am – Existential-Humanistic Theory. Taking the essence of this theory and combining it with aspects of Developmental Counseling Theory and Family Therapy, I hope to have a comprehensive fit to my personality as a budding counselor. Adaptable and Practical Being highly spiritual makes Existential-Humanistic...
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...Education--Site providing biographical information as well as examination of Rogers's ideas about education. Introduction to Person-Centred Counselling--A clear overview by Dr. Greg Mulhauser, on CounsellingResources.com. Abraham Maslow Like Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow is widely regarded as one of the founders of the Humanistic Approach. While less influential among therapists than Rogers, Maslow may actually be better known to the general public, because of his interest in applying psychological principles to areas like behavior in business settings. In this regard, his hierarchy of needs has been a basic concept in human resources and organizational behavior for several decades. Maslow coined the term "the Third Force" to describe the Humanistic Approach, to emphasize how it differed from the Psychodynamic and Behaviorist Approaches, which dominated psychology (at least in North America) in the 1950's. His theory emphasizes motivation as the key to understanding human behavior (an emphasis which is somewhat reminiscent of Freud's theory, though the two models focus on very different types of motives). Nonetheless, it becomes the basis of a theory of personality (as discussed in the text, talking about motives implies a person who experiences those motives!), and ends up describing the characteristics of healthy growth in ways that are very similar to Rogers's "fully functioning person". One difference between Maslow and Rogers is the emphasis that Maslow gave to...
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...psychological literature and study with widespread research and theory. Personality is the continuous presentation of attributes and distinctions that contribute to variety in human thought and behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). To enable more precise understandings of such differences and distinctions, psychological theorists develop explanations and parameters from various contexts. Psychoanalytic, humanistic and/or existential, dispositional, and learning theories help psychologists account for why and how people develop such individual and specific characteristics. They study these characteristics and the significant affects that the characteristics have on human development, as well as, the whole of human nature. Personality Defined According to Feist,& Feist (2009) personality is a global concept referring to a relatively permanent pattern of traits, dispositions, or characteristics that give some degree of consistency to a person’s behavior. Feist & Feist (2009) also wrote "Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior."(Feist and Feist, 2009) There are many different theories of personality which can be grouped into one of four classes: traits, psychoanalytic, social learning, and humanistic personality. At the begining an individual needs to understand exactly...
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...Personality Analysis: Humanist/Existential and Learning Theories Learning theory is defined as the process by which humans learn or how they accommodate a relatively permanent behavioral change or its potential (Feist & Feist, 2000). Learning theories within this analysis are Skinner's behaviorism, Bandura's social cognitive theory, Rotter and Mischel's cognitive social theory, and Kelly's psychology of personal constructs. Humanism and existentialism theories of Rogers, May, and Maslow adopt a holistic approach to psychological health and human existence by determining meaning, values, tragedy, personal experience and responsibility, human potential, spirituality, and self-actualization (Colman, ed., 2010). Combining the knowledge of both learning and humanist/existential theories paints a broad picture of human nature and personality as it develops by reaction to the external environment, especially within the social framework while accommodating the powerful affects of one's own internal climate. Personality as it Affects Situational Behavior According to learning theory, individuals behave according to the reciprocity of environmental, cognitive, and behavioral conditions. Personal beliefs of whether or not they can accomplish the task influence people's ability to do so. Bandura (1997) calls this expectation self-efficacy. He believed the strength of personal efficacy heavily influences how an individual reacts in a given situation. However, even though a...
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...she is struggling with major depression disorder. The five dominant theories of psychology to further understand the case of Sylvia are the cognitive theory, behavioral theory, humanistic theory, personality theory and social dominance theory. Cognitive theory of psychology is focus on internal state such as problem solving, motivation, thinking, decision making and attention. It is a key component underlying the way people think and behave. Cognitive theory is basically concerned with the development of a person’s thoughts processes. It also counts for how these thought processes influence and how a person understand and interact with the world. The technique recommend by the cognitive theory to help Sylvia. In cognitive behavioral therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach which addresses dysfunctional and emotions maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes. CBT is an effective treatment for various conditions like anxiety, mood, personality, eating, and substances abuse which Sylvia is and has struggled with all this. So this will be very helpful for her. Behavioral theory of learning which is based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Behavioral techniques are widely used in therapeutic settings to help clients in learning new skills and behavior. It is bases on the belief that behavior can be measured, changed and trained. The technique recommended by behaviorism theory to help Sylvia. Applied behavior analysis technique is recommended by...
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