...Research Paper on Hybrid Cars The cars we use all over the world are detrimental to our Earth’s environment. In the United States, air quality often fails to meet federal standards. Air pollution, water pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion are some of the problems we face each day that reflect the consequences of our actions. The cars we drive emit exhaust gas, whose harmful elements cause acid rain and global warming. As a result of growing environmental concerns, the US government has been trying to resolve these problems. One such solution is the Hybrid car, which can save resources by giving off less emission. However, among the many benefits of Hybrid cars, there are also some drawbacks as well. Hybrids still exhaust some emissions, and their large batteries require frequent replacement. Now, fortunately, many companies are thinking of ways to improve Hybrid cars because if we don‘t stop driving gasoline powered vehicles, the earth’s resources will be destroyed. Driving a car is the worst pollutant. Despite attempts to make engines more fuel efficient and the increase in antipollution devices, emissions from passenger vehicles are increasing in Canada and the US. The main cause of this problem is that cars are getting bigger and consumers are driving pick-up trucks and sports vehicles instead of smaller, lighter passenger vehicles. The average new car in 2001 consumed more fuel than the average car in 1988. In 1987 cars averaged 25.9 miles to the gallon in the...
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... March 11th, 2012 To: From: Subject: Proposal to Research Alternative Energy in Vehicles I have received your RFP and have written up a proposal based on the requirements you have listed. This proposal outlines the research I would like to continue regarding the feasibility of alternative energy sources in vehicles, particularly in hybrid vehicles. I have included a summary of the topic, a description of the graphics I plan to use, deadlines that will be met, costs involved, and an outline for the report. I am quite eager to research this topic more and appreciate you taking the time to read through this proposal. If you need to get a hold of me, you can reach me at bpryan@ualberta.ca. Attached: “Proposal: Are Hybrids Really That Good?” Proposal: Are Hybrids Really That Good? Introduction The following is a proposal to write a research report analysing the efficiency and environmental sustainability of switching from a traditional fuel burning vehicle to a hybrid. This proposal will contain some information on the contents of the research paper, a presumed audience level, a schedule and outline for the areas I will address in the paper, as well as my qualifications for researching this topic. A budget as well as a list of project deadlines will also be added to the end of this proposal. With regards to my topic, it will focus on the most common type of hybrid: the electric hybrid. This vehicle combines an internal combustion engine with one or more...
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...Applied Research Paper: Superior Rentals Learning Team B Comm/215 July 14, 2014 Linda Camp Applied Research Paper: Superior Rentals As the business world looks to the future, they are leaning toward a more modern approach. Businesses are going "green" and using recyclable products in their industries. Being an environmentally aware company helps to promote a business, cut costs, and, most importantly, keeps our earth healthy. There are many reasons for a business to become more environmentally responsible. A healthier workplace, positive public response, reduced waste, and legal and tax advantages (Lorette, 2014) are just a few reasons Superior Rentals, Inc. should "go green.” Environmental responsibility begins with research and continues with the implementation of new methods and ideologies to promote a "green" company and a better world. The proposed methods, contained herein, are financially responsible, and relatively simple to incorporate into Superior Rentals, Inc.'s business plan. When businesses “go green,” the impact on the environment is substantial. Superior Rentals, Inc. can positively affect its local market and the world with environmentally sound practices. Alternatives and Discussion Research indicates the following alternatives for Superior Rentals, Inc., and includes discussion of the effectiveness of each alternative. Using Tablets/Going Paperless Using a tablet in place of a cash register has many benefits. Tablets...
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...Business Research Methods, Part III Robert LaFond, Taylor Norman, Zephyr Scott, Vennita Watson QNT 561 May 13, 2013 Sripathi Nilkar Introduction As Ford Motor Company continues to seek ways to improve its current hybrid vehicles, the company will conduct a statistical analysis of the results of the questionnaires returned by its customers. Through this analysis, Ford Motor Company will be able to identify challenges that the company faces as well as the steps needed to reduce these challenges and improving both the company’s product and image. Statistical Analysis The results gathered from the questionnaire immensely helped Ford understand new aspects of an improved Hybrid vehicle. Subject 1 was the owner of a 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid. Subject 1 has had 4 scheduled maintenance jobs performed on the car in the past year. On average, Subject 1 only drove 100 miles per week. Usually, scheduled maintenance is performed depending on the gas mileage of the car i.e. oil changes, tire rotation and balance, etc. Subject 1 took good care of their car over the past year, but still had two serious additional car problems. The 2010 Ford Fusion Hybrid costs Subject 1 on average $127.06 a week in gasoline. This customer is only satisfied at level 3. Being that this is only a three year old car, these problems point to inefficiencies with manufacturing. Both are costly for the owner to replace. Subject 2 is the owner of a 2012 Toyota Prius. Scheduled maintenance was performed...
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...Research Paper on Hybrid Cars The cars we use all over the world are detrimental to our Earth’s environment. In the United States, air quality often fails to meet federal standards. Air pollution, water pollution, global warming, and ozone depletion are some of the problems we face each day that reflect the consequences of our actions. The cars we drive emit exhaust gas, whose harmful elements cause acid rain and global warming. As a result of growing environmental concerns, the US government has been trying to resolve these problems. One such solution is the Hybrid car, which can save resources by giving off less emission. However, among the many benefits of Hybrid cars, there are also some drawbacks as well. Hybrids still exhaust some emissions, and their large batteries require frequent replacement. Now, fortunately, many companies are thinking of ways to improve Hybrid cars because if we don‘t stop driving gasoline powered vehicles, the earth’s resources will be destroyed. Driving a car is the worst pollutant. Despite attempts to make engines more fuel efficient and the increase in antipollution devices, emissions from passenger vehicles are increasing in Canada and the US. The main cause of this problem is that cars are getting bigger and consumers are driving pick-up trucks and sports vehicles instead of smaller, lighter passenger vehicles. The average new car in 2001 consumed more fuel than the average car in 1988. In 1987 cars averaged 25.9 miles to the gallon in...
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... Ngufor Chiawah Hilary NGUFOR CHIAWAH HILARY-000636368 Grade Awarded___________ Moderation required: yes/no For Office Use Only__________ Tutor______________________ Final Grade_________ Date _______________ ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF HYBRID CARS ON THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN THE UK Abstract Hybrid cars are an emerging aspect in contemporary automobile technology. Hybrid cars have existed for over one hundred years. However the benefits from such cars have not been acknowledged for all this time until in recent years. Generally speaking a hybrid car is one which uses two power engines to pull the vehicle. The introduction of hybrid cars has been hailed greatly, mostly by international organisations, governments, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs,) and individuals. Many car manufacturers are continuously getting involved with the production of hybrid cars with Toyota being the highest producer of the cars and having the highest sales [1]. These cars are most used in Europe. Hybrid cars were introduced to combat the effects of the gasoline cars vis-a-vis environmental concerns, but also for political reasons. Research shows that the carbon emission from petrol and diesel cars has a depleting effect o n the ozone layer (a gas...
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...Natalie S. Jeffery Professor Jarrett Composition 1 8 October 2015 Human vs. Environment It is my belief that we as humans do have a lot of control over our environment. Every decision that we make affects it some way. The cars that we choose to drive is just one of the many ways that humans affect our environment on a daily basis. Even the simplest choices that we can make in life, like recycling, can make a huge impact in the future of our environment. Until you really stop and think about just how big our environment actually is, then you probably would not ever realize just how important it is to us as humans and just how much we do affect it. The Philosophy of environmental protection analysis issues should involve examination of four topics: limits of the environment to absorb human impact without deleterious change; need for change in human behavior to reduce or avoid adverse environmental impact; limits on the authority and jurisdiction of civil government; and need for civil governmental action toward environmental preservation (Staff Writers 2015). The Civil Government is used to protect our environment from humans as well as our property from the actions of others that may be trying to cause harm or destruction to it, but they are not authorized to do anything about the misuse of the environment. I personally think this is hogwash and we as Americans deserve a government that should be able to protect our environment from the people who are intentionally destroying...
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...automobiles. One of those modes is know as hybrid power. A vehicle is considered a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. For example, a mo-ped (a motorized pedal bike) is a type of hybrid because it combines the power of a gasoline engines with the pedal power of the rider. Hybrid vehicles are an alternative being used to decrease the emissions of vehicles and to decrease the amount of fossil fuels being used. Hybrid vehicles also cost less to operate because of the decreased fuel usage. The gasoline-electric hybrid car is a cross between a gasoline-powered car and an electric car. Hybrid vehicles are all around us. Most of the locomotives we see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. According too How Cars Work, Cities like Seattle have diesel-electric buses these can draw electric power from overhead wires or run on diesel when they are away from the wires. There are two kinds of hybrids. The parallel hybrid has a fuel tank which supplies gasoline to the engine. But it also has a set of batteries that supplies power to an electric motor. Both the engine and the electric motor can turn the transmission at the same time, and the transmission then turns the wheels. In a parallel hybrid, both the electric motor and the gas engine can provide propulsion power. The other type is a series hybrid. In the series hybrid the gasoline engine turns a generator, and the generator can either charge the batteries or power an Hybrid Vehicles 3 electric motor that drives the...
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...Between the basic problems of how policy would increase energy efficiency how does it bring in consumers and what consumers does it really include. The second issue of the conclusions is how much research is out there and what basis does it really have. The problem with the research out there about this subject is how biased it is there is not allot of research out there that includes the true consumer standpoint. Nevertheless, the available evidence from empirical analyses of weatherization, demand-side management programs, automobile and appliance markets, the “landlord–tenant” agency problem, and information elicitation suggests that while investment inefficiencies do appear in various settings, the actual magnitude of the Energy Efficiency Gap is small relative to the assessments from engineering analyses. Future research should utilize randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental techniques to estimate the impacts of energy efficiency programs on heterogeneous consumer types and to address the challenges posed by unobserved costs and...
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...Definition of marketing One could pose a simple request like “Define Marketing” and you would have a barrage of answers as unique as the individual defining the word. For this paper I will present two definitions, as well as present my personal definition or understanding of the marketing. To begin, Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines marketing as “the process or technique of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service” (Merriam-Webster, 2012). This definition is clear and pretty simple to comprehend. Next, the class textbook, Marketing Management, defines marketing as “the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals” (Kotler, 2012). This definition lends a more academic view, but still is comprehendible and simply stated. After reading and reviewing the above definitions, I have come to my own personal definition. Marketing, as defined by Carla Posey, is the process which encompasses everything involved with the purchasing and selling of services and goods. This includes all work and research to effectively satisfy the needs and wants of the consumer. Importance of Marketing Marketing is important because it is the little voice to the consumer that says “hello, I know you need me and I want to give it to you”. A successful company has caught your attention and you have shown appreciation by buying into that brand. This is...
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...Running head: THE IMPACT OF ENFORCING ELECTRIC CARS IN ALMATY First Draft How Would Enforcing Electric Cars in Almaty Impact on the City? KIMEP University December 10, 2013 Table of Content Abstract 3 Chapter 1. Introduction 4 Chapter 2. Literature Review 8 Chapter 3. Data Collection Methodology 11 Chapter 4. Description of Results 15 Chapter 5. Analysis 20 Chapter 6. Conclusion 22 Bibliography 23 Appendix A 25 Appendix B 26 Abstract This study addresses the issue of the ecological and economical impact of enforcing electric cars in Almaty city. It is important to find positive or negative impact of introduction new alternative as electric vehicle. The proposition that would be tested is ‘There would be a significant positive impact on the Almaty’s ecological environment and city’s economy from the increased number of enforcing electric cars by residents and non residents of Almaty.’ This research is not trying to give precise economic cost of substitution gasoline cars to electric and solution to air pollution problem, rather to show people the importance of electric cars that saves money and as alternative with positive environmental benefits. The environmental and expenditure-based approach is implemented in this study to measure the economic and ecological impact of enforcing electric cars in Almaty. To support the arguments of ecological impact the interviews and questionnaires result from particular specialist in this area is provided...
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...ENG207: English for Engineering Multidisciplinary Project Final Report The Green Cars By Name Major ID Aliyu Tukur Chemical Engineer 42426 Mohamed El-Lakkis Mechanical Engineering 36522 Muhammad Fawad Mechanical Engineering 42195 Sheikh Salman Kabir Electrical Engineering 39907 Date of Submittal: 21/5/2013 Submitted to Dr. Tharwat M. EL-Sakran Table of Contents Cover Page 1 List of Tables 4 List of Figures 5 Abstract 6 1. Introduction 8 2. The Automotive engine 10 2.1 Introduction to the Four-Stroke Engine 10 2.1.1 Intake Stroke: 11 2.1.2Compression stroke 11 2.1.3 Power stroke: 11 2.1.4 Exhaust stroke: 12 2.2 Types of engines: 14 3. The Hybrid Car Concept 15 3.1 Why Hybrid cars? 15 3.2 The Cost of transportation: 16 3.3 The rate of fossil fuel depletion: 17 3.4 Reduction of pollutants, greenhouse gases: 17 3.5 Regenerative Breaking: 18 3.6 Engine size reduction: 19 3.7 Constant loading in acceleration and deceleration: 19 3.8 Benefits in urban area (even lesser fuel consumption) 21 4. Emissions 21 4.1 Oxides of Nitrogen 22 4.2 Carbon Monoxide 23 4.3 Carbon Dioxide 24 4.4 Unburned Hydrocarbon & Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 25 5. Alternatives 26 5.1 HYBRID CARS 26 5.2 HYDROGEN FUEL CELL CARS 27 6. Battery Technology 28 6.1 Batteries used in Hybrid Cars 28 6.1.1 Lead-acid battery 29 6.1.2 Nickel-metal hydride 30 6.1.3 Lithium-ion...
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...Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Assessment Erik Larson, Linda Sherman, Christopher Sessoms Comm/215 February 2, 2013 Winifred Winstead Donnelly Introduction The creation of a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles would be a wise decision for the Lotus Car Rental Company. There are two major issues that are on the minds of people these days, the environment and money. By creating a fleet of alternative fuel based automobiles the Lotus Rental Care Company can help ease the fears of people in both categories. By having the ingenuity to have a fleet of alternative fuel automobiles; the Lotus Car Rental will set themselves apart from the rest of the rental car companies. Lotus Car Care will be the leaders in environmentally safe car rentals. The following research paper will discuss the background of this topic, the costs of working with alternative fuel automobiles, the technical aspects of alternative fuel, the environmental aspects of alternative fuel as well as discuss some recommendations for the Lotus Car Rental Company. Background The Lotus Car Rental Company is looking into adding a fleet of alternative fuel sourced vehicles to their supply. Alternative fuel sourced vehicles are classified as being resources other than petroleum. A few of these sources are produced here locally and some are derived from renewable sources. They often produce less pollution than does gasoline. ("Alternative Fuel Vehicles", 2012). Hybrids are also considered to...
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...manufacturers to begin producing hybrid vehicle; first four door hybrid sedan was unveiled by Toyota in 2000. The Toyota Prius’ success encouraged it competitors to roll out their hybrid cars as well setting a common standard for environmentally friendly and efficient vehicles. The relationship of consumer and manufacturer in the car industry on a macro level has always been one in relative equilibrium. As demand increases the car manufacturers have increased supply. The green movement in the United States pushed for hybrid vehicles and car manufacturers responded by producing more vehicles, making the supply line more open. The next venture for an ultimate environmentally friendly vehicle has been the all-electric, plug-in vehicles. The market for all electric vehicles is heavily influenced by numerous variables: government influence to decrease gas consumption, media attitude for a green planet to decrease the potential effects of global warming, and –the big one- gas both its supply influenced by international politics and its consistent rising cost. The production of hybrid cars has increased profoundly since Toyota first released the Prius in 2000. Competitors such as a Ford and GM began releasing hybrids in 2004 and 2007 respectively; increasing consumer options from 2 hybrid vehicles to 10. The graph below shows hybrid market share breakdown in the United States: The table below shows the increasing proportion of hybrid vehicles sold from 2000 to 2006...
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...experience throughout the course work. Finally, we would like to offer our thanks to our group members for providing various facilities, help and the moral support to accomplish the work properly. Letter of Transmittal 7th August, 2014 Kashfia Ahmed Department of Business Administration East West University Subject: Submission of a Term paper on the STP and Marketing mix of Toyota Honorable instructor, We would like to draw your kind attention to the fact, that it is a great pleasure for us to submit this assignment about ‘Term paper on the STP and Marketing mix of Toyota ’. Six of us have worked together on this paper and tried our best to make this term paper up to the ideal standard. We have enjoyed at every instant of doing this assignment. However, if some of the aspects are unintentionally disregarded, we hope that you would ignore discrepancies considering our limitations. It would be very kind of you if you can give us further suggestions for the future prospects of our assignment. We state that, this term paper has not been submitted or used for any other degree or course. It will be a great honor for us if you require us to explain any sort of queries. Sincerely yours, Group name- The Eccentric Members | ID | Signature | Muhammad Rakib Hassan | 2013-2-10-072 | | Chandan Bormon | 2014-1-10-242 | | Md. Nasim Iqbal |...
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