...London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix. 1 Writing To limit...
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...Effect: Life Threatening: Thyroid storm, cardiac arrest. Common: Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, headache, excitability, tachycardia, palpitations, angina, dysrhythmias, hypertension, nausea, diarrhea, increased or decreased appetite, cramps, menstrual irregularities, weight loss, sweating, heat intolerance, fever, alopecia, decreased bone mineral density. Contraindication: Adrenal insufficiency, recent MI, thyrotoxicosis, hypersensitivity to beef, alcohol intolerance (injonly) Nursing Implications (lab value, V/S, ect.): • Determine if the patient is taking anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents; document on chart, • Take B/P, pulse before each dose; monitor I&O ratio and weight every day in same clothing, using same scale, at same time of day. Nursing diagnoses: • Knowledge, deficient (teaching) • Noncompliance (teaching) Patient Education: • Teaching patient that product is not a cure but controls symptoms and that treatment is long term. • Instruct patient to report excitability, irritability, anxiety, sweating, heat intolerance, chest pain, palpitations, which indicate overdose. Drug Brand Name: Metformin (Rx) Drug Generic Name: Glucophage Classification: Antidiabetic, oral Action: Inhibits hepatic glucose production and increases sensitivity of peripheral tissue to insulin. Adult Dose: PO 500 mg bid or 80 mg q day initially, then 500 mg weekly or 850 mg q2wk up to 2000 mg/day in divided doses. Side Effect: Life Threatening: Heart failure, lactic...
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...(Adults): 80 mg q 12 hr (up to 240 mg/day) (pantoprazole, n.d.). Drug Interactions: Drug-Drug: Maypabsorption of drugs requiring acid pH, including ketoconazole, itraconazole, atazanavir, ampicillin esters, and iron salts. Mayqrisk of bleeding with warfarin (monitor INR/PT). Hypomagnesemiaqrisk of digoxin toxicity. Mayqmethotrexate levels (pantoprazole, n.d.). Labs effects/ interference: May cause abnormal liver function tests, including increased AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. May cause hypomagnesemia. Monitor serum magnesium prior to and periodically during therapy (pantoprazole, n.d.). Special considerations: Contraindicated in Hypersensitivity; OB: Should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed; Lactation: Discontinue breast feeding due to potential for serious adverse reactions in infants. Use Cautiously in: Patients using high-doses for 1 year (qrisk of hip, wrist, or spine fractures); Pedi: Safety not established (pantoprazole, n.d.). Potential side effects/Adverse effects/Toxicities: CNS: headache. GI: PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, abdominal pain, diarrhea, eructation, flatulence. Endo: hyperglycemia. F and E: hypomagnesemia (especially if treatment duration 3 mo).MS: bone fracture. (Pantoprazole, n.d.) Pantoprazole (Protonix) from drug book. Class: Proton pump...
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...GI and Diabetes Exam Study Guide Tube Feeding – (enteral nutrition) refers to the administration of a nutritional balanced liquefied food or formula through a tube inserted into the stomach, duodenum, jejunum. It is used to provide nutrients via the GI tract either alone or as a supplement to oral or parenteral nutrition. - Nasogastric (NG) Tube – is most commonly used for short-term feeding problems. Other means of feeding are; esophagostomy, gastrostomy or jejunostomy. Transpyloric tube placement or placement into the jejunum is used when physiologic condition warrant feeding the pt below the pyloric sphincter. Special Indications – anorexia, orofacial fractures, head and neck cancer, neurologic or psychiatric conditions that prevent oral intake, extensive burns and those who are receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Procedure for tube feeding 1. Patient position – 30-45 degrees position. Head remain elevated for 30-60 mins 2. Patency of tube – Tube should be irrigated with water before and after each feeing to ensure patency. 3. Tube Position – Placement of tube is checked before each feeing or every 8 hours with continuous feeings. Checking methods; aspiration and pH. 4. Formula 5. Administration of feeding – feeing are given either by gravity drip method or by feeding pump. 6. General Nursing Considerations – daily weight, accurate I’s and O’s. Blood glucose check. Complication Related To tube and feeding - Vomiting and or Aspiration -...
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...created to improve the mortality rate of patients who had colonic adenocarcinomas but is now indicated for | |several pathologies including complicated and severe diverticulitis, rectosigmoid cancer, and in cases where a colon resection is needed but a primary anastomosis cannot be safely done. There are few | |contraindications to the procedure and is often the procedure of choice when other complicated procedures cannot be performed. Patients with hypotension, renal failure, diabetes, malnutrition, immune | |compromise, and ascites can have unfavorable performance to the procedure. | |The important labs for this patient are the CBC(WBC,H&H, and diff), CMP, ABG if intubated still, lactic acid if still septic/possibly septic, if still on TPN (glucose, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, | |LFT’s, albumin)...
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... 1. Q: A 48 y/o alcoholic male presents to your primary care office c/o diarrhea that began 1 week ago. Patient admits to eating fast food 3 times day. During the exam you note yellow sclera and glossitis, lab findings show MCV>100. What are you suspecting to be the cause of his symptoms? a) folate deficiency b) B12 deficiency c) hereditary spherocytosis d) thalassemia e) lipid deficiency A 2. 67 yo homeless, white male patient was brought to ED by local EMTs. Pts stuporous, HR: 120, regular BP: 160/90 and RR: 10 non-labored. While inspecting the patient, you notice upper extremity peripheral jaundice, rosacea, finger clubbing and rhinophyma. On futher exam, JVD and LE edema is visible with palpable splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. As a part of your work up, you order a CBC with diff, which reveals normocytic, hypochromic red cells and a decreased reticulocyte count. Your CBC work up reveals the patient's likely cause of anemia. ANSWER: alcoholic with anemia of chronic disease. 3. Pregnant 28 year old female brought into the ER by her husband because she was exhibiting neuro symptoms of stupor, bloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain. On further observation patient is in renal failure, has microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and severe HTN. You ran labs on your patient and discovered she has low thrombocytes, low haptoglobin, high reticulocyte count, high LDH and creatinine, schistocytes on peripheral smear. What would you diagnose the patient with? Answer:...
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...result in an increased ICP are traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, brain tumor, meningitis and hydrocephalus. Increasing ICP causes decrease CPP, impaired autoregulation, hypotension, hypoxemia, cerebral ischemia, hypercarbia, hyperthermia and hypo/hyperglycemia. The goal of care is to prevent the secondary brain injury that results from increased ICP. An EVD (external ventricular drain) may be indicated in these cases. It is considered the most accurate ICP monitor while allowing for drainage of CSF. The procedure to place drain may be performed at the bedside under sterile conditions or in the OR. Nursing Considerations * Obtain pre procedure assessment to provide baseline data including vital signs, LOC, sensation and motor function, cranial nerve function and mental status. * Obtain history of recent asprin and anticoagulation therapy. * Obtain history of prior craniotomies, aneurysm clips, embolic materials, permanent balloon occlusions, detachable clips or ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Evaluate labs for coagulopathy studies and radiology and angiography results. Report findings to MD. * ------------------------------------------------- Assess for allergies: EVD...
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...Patient Name: Sxxxxx Pxxxx Age: 35 Sex: MaleDOB: xx/xx/1978 CC: Mr. “SP” presents complaining of “frequent urination” and “feeling thirsty all the time”. HPI: Patient is a 35-year-old male with history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Patient recalls that symptoms became worst about a week ago. He noticed that he needed to take more breaks at work to use the restroom, from three to four times in his eight-hour shift to almost every hour frequency. Denies burning, hesitance, or pain with urination. He also recalls his fluid, mainly water, intake has increased because he feels thirsty often; three to four glasses more a day. He tried to drink less fluid to avoid urinating so frequently, but became thirty soon and couldn’t refrain from drinking fluids. He started to get worried about the symptoms and called the office to make an appointment for today. No previous episode of similar symptoms. Patient’s hyperlipidemia is currently being treated with simvastatin and his hypertension with enalapril. He states he has been taking all his medications. PMH: Hypertension controlled with enalapril and Hyperlipidemia controlled with simvastatin. PSH: Denies Medications: Enalapril 10mg PO daily. Simvastatin 20mg PO daily Allergies: No known drug or food allergies FMH: Father is living, age 65 – CAD, MI x2 (first one before age 40), Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus Type II, Bronchiectasis. Mother is living, age 57 – Hypertension. Patient has 4 brothers...
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...NUR 251 March 25, 2011 Objectives Give three examples of side‐effects that if occur you should immediately contact your doctor. Name two nursing assessments or interventions when caring for a patient on corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroid Therapy Facts Corticosteroids are any of a class of steroid hormones that either are produced in the adrenal cortex or are synthetic analogues. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, fat metabolism, retention of sodium in the kidneys, immune response and regulation of inflammation, bone development, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. Corticosteroid Therapy Facts The long‐term administration of corticosteroids in therapeutic doses can often leads to serious complications and side effects. Therapy is reserved for diseases in which there is a risk of death or permanent loss of function, and conditions in which short‐ term therapy is likely to produce remission or recovery. Corticosteroid Therapy Facts There are many ways steroids can be delivered, and these include orally, topically, injections or via nasal or bronchial inhalation. Different types of steroids can be used, and delivery and type may change common side effects. Effects of Corticosteroid Therapy Anti‐inflammatory action As a result, manifestations of inflammation, including redness, tenderness, heat...
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...is a 71 year old female who was hospitalized on 1/23/13 with an admitting diagnosis of hyperglycemia, weakness and dehydration. This client has history of underlying lung cancer with metastasis to bone and was recently diagnosed with metastasis to the brain. Other history includes Hypertension, Hypothyroidism, Mitral Valve regurgitation and COPD. Chemotherapy has been put on hold and she is currently getting radiation to the head. Client’s family reports her being more dependent over the last two weeks. She was found with acute kidney/injury (dehydration) and severe degree of hyperglycemia which is new news to her. She was admitted for IV fluids, control of new onset diabetes, and other preexisting complications. She was placed on Thickened liquids due to complication swallowing. Client recently has almost no appetite. Insulin was started for new diabetes problem. Her vitals were stable (T: 97.5, P:93, BP:161/74, RR: 20, O2: 93%per 2L NC). She is allergic to Codeine and Aspirin. Upon assessment of this client, I found her sleeping in bed. Client aroused easily to verbal stimuli and oriented X3. Family was at bedside. PERRLA. Mucous membranes pink and moist, no JVD noted. Her nasal cannula was in place and set at appropriate level of 2L/min. Respirations even and unlabored. Wheezes noted throughout bilateral lungs, patient reports she is a smoker. I.S. at bedside, patient reports she has not been using it. Teaching performed and patient correctly used the apparatus...
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...quadrant radiating to the back is the most common and prevalent complaint among patients. The sudden onset of pain is usually described as severe, deep, sharp, and constant. Pain aggregation can be caused by eating, especially high-fat meals, alcohol and lying in a reclined position. The pain is not relieved by vomiting. Repositioning is often necessary to provide comfort. Additional symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diminished bowel sounds, abdominal tenderness/guarding and distention, lung crackles, restlessness, anxiety, weight loss, low-grade fever, hypotension, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, jaundice, leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, elevated blood lipase and amylase levels, abnormal ultrasound and CT scan of pancreas, abnormal ERCP or MRCP, as well as Cullen’s and Turner’s sign (Lewis, 2014; Silvestri, 2014). The patient reflected in this report is a 67-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal pain as well as nausea and vomiting. This patient’s medical history includes chronic lung disease, DVT, DM, hernia repair, STD, sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, past 3 pack/day smoker with a history of chewing tobacco use, previous alcoholic, sober since 1978. Preceding the arrival to the hospital, the patient had stated that he was walking in from his deer blind when he began to suffer from extreme abdominal pain that would not subside post emesis. Earlier that day he had consumed a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, no other precipitating symptoms...
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...manually. With manual transitions, the instructor should advance to the applicable state when appropriate interventions are performed. Initially, in State 1 0900 Hours Assessment, the learner is presented with a patient who is febrile and exhibiting other signs of infection. Initial assessment reveals a temperature of 38.6o Celsius, HR in the 80s, BP in the 140s/80s, RR in the low 20s and SpO2 in the mid 90s on room air. Breath sounds demonstrate crackles bilaterally. The patient is anxious and incontinent of urine. She has a non-productive cough and reports tenderness over the left ankle. Initial treatment includes application of an elastic bandage to the left ankle, assessment of pain level, administration of pain medications, insertion of a urinary catheter and a sterile wet-to-moist dressing change to the graft site. If learners request results of blood glucose, the facilitator should role-play the laboratory technician and report that admission blood glucose was 105. Two hours post admission at 1100, patient complains of “throbbing” pain at the graft site. She rates the pain 6/10. If learners request results of a chest x-ray, it shows right lower lobe pneumonia. The learner is expected to notify the healthcare provider of the...
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...Traumatic. Acute is when fight or flight comes into play. Chronic is persistent presence of frustration or anxiety. Traumatic is fear and helplessness. When someone becomes stressed they release catecholamines. For example epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol. These hormones increase heart rate, and dilates blood vessels. Chronic stress can cause hyperglycemia, hypertension and type two diabetes. It can also cause cognitiation, concentration issues, and mood swings. Some people report weight gain also. (stress 2018) Stress from a mother can affect a fetus as early as 17 weeks. Studies have shown lower iq(10 points) in their children. The children tended to have higher levels of anxiety and attention deficit problems. Another study was done of 267 women on their levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Cortisol short term effects include helping the body deal with stress and long term include tiredness, depression, and are prone to illness. They sampled the blood of the mother and the amniotic fluid from around the fetus. The higher levels in the mother tended to have higher levels in their child.( guardian 2007) Obestirans will take reports of depression and will recommend treatment or even medication. When a mother is depressed the child can be born prematurely and have a low birth rate. Children are more likely to become depressed and infants tend to be more agitated and irritable also. Thoughts of pregnancy can be very stressful. The womb is a shared environment with the mother...
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...Postpartum Case Study May 26, 2016 Postpartum Case Study Admission Assessment J.B. a 38-year-old female, G5, P3 (SAB 2, L3) admitted on 5/09/16 at 0930 for a scheduled repeat cesarean section. The patient’s chief complaint is minor contractions and concern from previous SAB (Spontaneous Abortions). J.B’s 1st pregnancy ended at 13 weeks with a SAB. 2nd pregnancy ended by C-section at 37 weeks due fetal intolerance. Her 3rd pregnancy ended at 38 weeks with a repeat C-section and her 4th pregnancy ended at 11 weeks with a SAB. Bringing us to this pregnancy number 5. J.B. chose to have a repeat C-section, because her physician recommended it due to a prior C-section. Multiple scars on uterus increase the risk for several serious problems for women and fetus. These risks include: scar rupture, placenta previa, placental abruption, and placenta accrete (Tobah, 2015). A high-risk pregnancy involves at least one of the following; the woman or baby is more likely to become ill or die more than usual. Complications before or after delivery are more likely to occur than usual. High-risk pregnancies must be closely monitored. Some risk factors are present before women become pregnant. These risk factors include certain physical and social characteristics of women, problems that have occurred in previous pregnancies, and certain disorders women already have. In J.B.’s case she had a high-risk pregnancy due to several reasons, she has advanced maternal age > 35, prior miscarriages...
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...Chapter I The Problem and its Background Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease that can cause heart disease and stroke. It can also lead to defects like blindness. Because of its horrifying effects on human health, the researchers planned to conduct a study using makopa, a native Philippine fruit, to be a component of a natural medicine for diabetes. Makopa (Syzygium samarangense) leaves have been found to have antihyperglycemic properties. The researchers thought of another way to produce the same result by using the fruit instead of the leaves. The fruit was put into a food processor, to separate the liquid extract and from the pulp. The retrieved extract was filtered using cheesecloth to remove impurities. The pure extract was put into a vial. The pulp of the fruit was sun dried, powdered using a blender. The resulting powder was combined with the pure extract. The extract from the pulp was the tea that can be orally taken by the mice through regulated feeding. Having produced two products, the researchers were able to come up with a pure makopa extract, and be able to apply current discoveries and studies to produce a medicinal product from makopa. Background of the Study The study was conducted to prevent and cure diabetes through makopa. Also, the study was driven by the medical history of diabetes in the families of two out of three researchers. Because of diabetes’ horrifying effects on human health and it is continuous effect on a larger population...
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