...superiority, a number of teenagers broke into computer systems that guarded records of schools, government generally, and the military. What are the current potential criminal risks associated with hacking illegally into computer systems? For starters, all of the information that is compromised could be sold and used for illegal purposes such as identity theft. Also, if hackers were to hack into the computer systems that control our infrastructure they could possibly turn off or damage our power grids or if they were to hack into the systems that control air traffic control, they could crash airplanes and disrupt travel for millions of people. On a larger scale if hackers were to hack into nuclear power plants they could possibly cause a nuclear meltdown. (GORMAN, 2009) Question 4: Criminal law statutes now protect your name and identity, your communications, and your ideas. Match each of these categories with the appropriate criminal law statute and explain how each statute can be violated. Name and identity = “Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998” (Baumer, 2011). This statute protects individuals from having their identity stolen and used to commit a crime or make purchases in that person’s name that were not initiated by that person. Communications = “Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986” (Baumer, 2011). This statute was initially created to protect individuals from having the companies they worked for from spying on them and revealing information...
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...Tesha Ponder teshaponder@gmail.com Cyberspace Consumer Protections Legal, Political & Ethical Dimensions of Business - MGT520 April 12, 2015 Professor James Keenan The modern day convenience of the internet has simplified life. Almost anything can be done via the internet. Shopping, research, book reading, CD downloads, ordering takeout and groceries are just some of the conveniences the internet has afforded us. However, these conveniences are not without risk. These risks, according to The White House Summit on Cybersecurity and Consumer Protection, “threaten national security, private enterprises and individual rights”. (The White House, 2015) The exponential rise and subsequent crimes of the internet have made it necessary to establish measures that protect consumers from risks such as fraud and identity theft. While these measures do offer protections to the consumer, as is the intent, they sometimes come at a cost to businesses. For example, if a customer’s credit/debit card information was stolen and unauthorized purchases were made, the customer has the ability to file a claim with the issuer of the card. The credit issuer or bank takes the loss for said purchase after an investigation determines fraud has occurred. According to the 2013 Nilson report, card issuers bore a 63% share of fraudulent losses and merchants assumed the remaining 37% liability in 2012. (as cited in Kiernan, 2015) What are the legal implications of advances in internet technologies...
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...crimes, particularly those facilitated through peer-to-peer networks. INTRODUCTION • Examples of cybercrime in which the computer or network is a TARGET of criminal activity • - Unauthorized access (i.e, defeating access controls), • - malicious code, and denial-of-service attacks. INTRODUCTION • Examples of cybercrime in which the computer or network is a PLACE of criminal activity - theft of service (in particular, telecom fraud) and - certain financial frauds. BRIEF HISTORY • The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820. That is not surprising considering the fact that the abacus, which is thought to be the earliest form of a computer, has been around since 3500 B.C. DEFINITION • Cyber Crime is a Crime committed using a computer and the internet to steal a person’s identity or illegal imports or malicious programs. Cybercrime is nothing but where the computer used as an object or subject of crime. DEFINITION • Cybercrime is any illegal act committed using a computer network (especially the Internet). • Criminal activities that take place in cyberspace (the Internet). CATEGORIES • Cyber crimes against persons. • Cyber crimes against property. • Cyber crimes against government. • Cyber crimes against society. CATEGORIES Cyber crimes...
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...and identity theft. The rise of the Internet over the last decade has paralleled some of the greatest milestones in communications history. Along with such great strides in bringing the world together, the frightening aspect of accessing information and propaganda that tests the very limits of the U.S. Constitution has arrived. Above all, the Internet is used to commit against persons that include various crimes like transmission of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as e-mail. The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure, constitutes one of the most important criminal activity known today. With just a few keystrokes, an individual can have access to all forms of personal information, bomb-making instructions, and poison recipes; and a plethora of extremist ideologies expressing everything from radical religious cults to clandestine organized crime groups. Examples how Internet has Aided Crime One of the examples could be considered as identity theft. Identity theft is the use of one person's personal information by another to commit fraud or other crimes. The most common forms of identity theft occur when someone obtains another person's social security number, driver's license number, date of birth, and the like and uses it to open a fraudulent bank, credit card, cellular telephone, or other account, or to obtain false loans. Criminal identity theft...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...CYBER TERRORISM Table Of Contents Section Page Abstract----------------------------------------------------------3 Introduction-----------------------------------------------------4 Premise----------------------------------------------------------5 Research Methodology----------------------------------------5 Research Results-----------------------------------------------6 Critical Analysis------------------------------------------------9 Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------30 Appendix---------------------------------------------------------31 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------56 Abstract FBI cyber security division computers are hacked into at the same time that known hackers capable of performing this have their computers hacked into and are blown up when they hit certain keys on their computer keyboards. Traffic lights and the transportation systems are then hacked into and total gridlock and chaos ensure. Wall Street is then affected and cyber money is thought to be dwindling away. This is known as a Fire Sale which has 3 steps. In the first step transportation is shut down then finance and finally, in the third step, utilities are affected. As expected, the media broadcast the government’s next move to everyone including the terrorists. As it turns out, the leader of the terrorists is a former DOD software programmer that had warned...
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...------------------------------------------------- Cyber security and its challenges to society Final Project Report Group Members Abdul Majid Qayyum Umair Arshad Hasnat Ahmed Gulraiz Shabbir Contents Introduction: 3 Why is cyber security important? 4 The Impact of Cyber Security 5 The Cultural Impact 5 The Official Impact 5 The Solution Impact 5 Defining Cyber Security 6 Technology & Modern Life 6 What is Cyberspace? 6 What is Cyber Warfare? 6 Cyber is not Hype 7 What Cyber Security Isn’t 7 Cyber-crime 8 Types of Cyber-crimes 8 Hacking: 8 Theft: 8 Cyber Stalking: 9 Identity Theft: 9 Malicious Software: 9 Child soliciting and Abuse: 9 Cyber Bullying 10 Causes of Cyber-crime 10 History of Cyber-crime 10 Cyber-crime in Modern Society 11 Categories of Cyber-crime 11 Individual: 12 Property: 12 Government: 12 How to Tackle Cyber-crime 12 RECENT SURVEY ISSUES ON CYBER SECURITY TRENDS 14 Mobile Devices and Apps 14 Social Media Networking 14 Cloud Computing 14 Protect systems rather Information 15 New Platforms and Devices 15 Everything Physical can be Digital 15 Survey Questions 16 Conclusion 16 Cyber Security and its Challenges to Society Introduction: Over the past several years, experts and policy makers have expressed increasing concerns about protecting internet from cyber-attacks—deliberate attempts by unauthorized persons to access. Many experts expect the number and severity of cyber-attacks to increase over the next several years...
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...Cybercrime might be classified into various types as it involves the transaction, business or activities in the cyberspace. In facts, nowadays we are facing or we conducting daily activities or business transaction via the virtual world more that physical world compared to decades before. Barry (2011) had been describe on several well-known of organized cybercrime committed internationally which are, internet fraud, anonymity through technology, a market in confidential information and forgery and counterfeiting. Internet has a powerful ability as it can rapidly reach across the world so it provides a larger potential aimed victims than any medium for fraudster operating such as telephone, email or personal contact. Nowadays, criminals can forge not only currency but also credit card details and identification documents such as university certification and birth certificates with great quality and accuracy as the original one. Nigel (2007) has a similar view related to types of cybercrime but focusing of financial crime and fraud in the cyberspace. He explained further on financial crime as it includes problems such as money laundering, terrorist financing and financial fraud. Financial fraud defined by (Stewart, 2001) is where a criminal gains a financial advantage through a false pretence....
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...caught, or they may not think about being caught at all. They may simply find the lure of committing virtual crimes too psychologically appealing to resist. Many of those who commit crimes on the Internet are in fact psychologically disturbed and need compassionate treatment by psychiatric professionals. However, this does not lessen the real harm that they can do to people and they must be stopped. Combating the global computer crime pandemic is becoming an increasingly urgent issue, as identity theft and spyware are occurring with alarming frequency. Early instances of computer crime found individuals, corporations and law enforcement unprepared, uninformed and immobilized to address computer crime responsively. This resulted in victims suffering long drawn-out battles to regain their identities. With no guidelines to assist them, many victims endured frustrating battles that yielded little benefit. Corporations likewise faced many obstacles in their uncharted course to recover from data theft. As defined, technology has...
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...faster and easier accessibility. As it is another mode of commercial and personal transaction and one that is heavily dependent on interaction through computers and automatic agents rather than face-to-face meetings, which increases distance and allows anonymity, it is another avenue for crimes to perpetuate. “Computer Crime” encompasses crimes committed against the computer, the materials contained therein such as software and data, and its uses as a processing tool. These include hacking, denial of service attacks, unauthorized use of services and cyber vandalism. “Cyber Crime” describes criminal activities committed through the use of electronic communications media. One of the greatest concerns is with regard to cyber-fraud and identity theft through such methods as phishing, pharming, spoofing and through the abuse of online surveillance technology. There are also many other forms of criminal behaviour perpetrated through the use of information technology such as harassment, defamation, pornography, cyber terrorism, industrial espionage and some regulatory offences. The existing criminal laws in most countries can and do cover computer-related crimes or electronically perpetrated crimes. Offences against the computer are relatively new as they arise from and in relation to the digital age, which threatens the functionality of the computer as an asset of a borderless information society. New laws are required in order to nurture and protect an orderly and vibrant digital...
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...faster and easier accessibility. As it is another mode of commercial and personal transaction and one that is heavily dependent on interaction through computers and automatic agents rather than face-to-face meetings, which increases distance and allows anonymity, it is another avenue for crimes to perpetuate. “Computer Crime” encompasses crimes committed against the computer, the materials contained therein such as software and data, and its uses as a processing tool. These include hacking, denial of service attacks, unauthorized use of services and cyber vandalism. “Cyber Crime” describes criminal activities committed through the use of electronic communications media. One of the greatest concerns is with regard to cyber-fraud and identity theft through such methods as phishing, pharming, spoofing and through the abuse of online surveillance technology. There are also many other forms of criminal behaviour perpetrated through the use of information technology such as harassment, defamation, pornography, cyber terrorism, industrial espionage and some regulatory offences. The existing criminal laws in most countries can and do cover computer-related crimes or electronically perpetrated crimes. Offences against the computer are relatively new as they arise from and in relation to the digital age, which threatens the functionality of the computer as an asset of a borderless information society. New laws are required in order to nurture and protect an orderly and vibrant digital...
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...Initiative. Released in 2009, the Cyberspace Policy Review: Assuring a Trusted and Resilient Information and Communications Infrastructure acknowledged the need for cybersecurity public awareness and an advanced cybersecurity workforce. To address these needs, the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative (CNCI) developed 11 initiatives to help secure the United States in cyberspace. The National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) was established to lead the work on the goals outlined in Initiative 8, which addresses the Nation’s cybersecurity needs related to public awareness, education, professional development, and talent management. (McDuffie, 2009) In the past 20 years, the innovative use of cyberspace has transformed the day-to-day operations of the Nation. These advances have enhanced the lives of individuals, business, and government in profound ways. From eCommerce, to mobile communications and complex networked systems, the rapidly growing dependence on cyberspace is evident. In the years to come, the Nation’s dependence on cyberspace will only increase as technology advances and will further integrate into our daily lives. Great advances in technology comes with great risks. The Cyberspace Policy Review identified vulnerabilities in cybersecurity as systemic risks introduced into infrastructure, defense, and personal property due to the widespread adoption and dependence on technology. The more the Nation relies on cyberspace as a critical part of its infrastructure...
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...or the command of an act which is forbidden by law. Countries across the world have different strategies practices when dealing with crime and this is contingent on the extent and nature of crime. According to Wikipidia.com the new type of crime known as cybercrime or computer crimes involves the use of network and a computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. Moreover, Joseph A E, (2006) explains cybercrime as crime committed on the internet using a computer as either a tool or a targeted victim. The computer is considered a target when the crime is intended directly to the computer. Cybercrime also consists of traditional crimes that can be conducted through access of the internet. These crimes involve internet fraud, identity theft, banking thefts including credit cards, and telemarketing. In short cybercrime is defined as violent actions carried out using the internet through any device which has harmful effects on victims. Report made by authorities showed that our...
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...TRADEMARK LAW AND CYBERSPACE Paras Nath Singh M.Tech. Cyber Security Centre for Computer Science & Technology Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Punjab). Abstract—Trademark law aids consumers who use trademarks in the marketplace to identify swiftly and without problems a product they liked or disliked in the past, distinguishing among the different competing manufacturers of a product. No one is entitled to sell or deliver commodities under the appearance that the commodities derive from someone else. The importance of consumer protection cannot be overemphasized and the average consumer standard should remain the central point of the inquiry, even under domain name litigation. Replacing the initial interest confusion doctrine is one decisive step, along with the introduction of a doctrine representing the fact that there should be no confusion at the point the sale, and this doctrine would intervene to allow for the capacity of the consumer to choose freely the products they want. Keywords: - trademarks; cyberspace; generic; domain names I. INTRODUCTION Trademarks have been used to designate the source or origin of products for years and a trademark is “any word, name, symbol, or device, or any combination thereof”1 used by a company to identify itself as the source of particular goods and distinguish its goods from those manufactured or sold by competitors. Section 2 of the Canadian Trademark Act2 considers “trademarks” as: * a mark that is...
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...risk of identity theft in a non-profit agency. Describe your agency and your needs. Give your agency a creative name. Our non-profit organization, Hero’s Helping Hero’s (HHH) develops programs based on the needs of the community. We function mainly throughout the state of Virginia but provide services to those out of state when visiting different areas. We help others in need of rental assistance, food, jobs and education, mental health counseling, substance abuse training, temporary housing, and community service opportunities. We are stationed in Petersburg, VA, Richmond, VA, and Norfolk, VA. Although we are open to providing everyone assistance, we primarily focus on underrepresented and under-resourced communities within these areas and veterans who need assistance. As our operations and impact grow, we are becoming more aware of the looming threats in the cybersecurity landscape. Observing the current news of cyber threats and their impact on businesses is alarming. Due to the constant evolution of technology and our desire to eventually provide opportunities in cybersecurity to individuals returning to society, we are focusing on the importance of maintaining the integrity of our systems and what may be an issue if breached. More specifically, how identity theft impacts our operations and what steps can be taken to deter this. Although the focus is identity theft, we understand that more threats and attacks exist. Ransomware has become a major issue in the cyberspace and often...
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