...US GAAP vs. IFRS The basics March 2010 Table of contents 2 5 7 8 11 13 14 16 18 20 26 28 31 33 35 38 40 42 43 44 46 47 Introduction Financial statement presentation Interim financial reporting Consolidations, joint venture accounting and equity method investees Business combinations Inventory Long-lived assets Intangible assets Impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets Financial instruments Foreign currency matters Leases Income taxes Provisions and contingencies Revenue recognition Share-based payments Employee benefits other than share-based payments Earnings per share Segment reporting Subsequent events Related parties Appendix — The evolution of IFRS Introduction It is not surprising that many people who follow the development of worldwide accounting standards today might be confused. Convergence is a high priority on the agendas of both the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) — and “convergence” is a term that suggests an elimination or coming together of differences. Yet much is still made of the many differences that exist between US GAAP as promulgated by the FASB and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as promulgated by the IASB, suggesting that the two GAAPs continue to speak languages that are worlds apart. This apparent contradiction has prompted many to ask just how different are the two sets of standards? And where differences exist, why do they exist...
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...completely prepares a company financial statements. For years GAAP has been the common set of standards and procedures for the U.S, the core for establishing a principle of reporting but now IFRS an international friendly financial reporting system has become popular for its use globally. In the text Intermediate Accounting by C.P.A Kieso, GAAP also known as generally accepted accounting principles are standardized guidelines and procedures to financial accounting and reporting. There are three major parties that are involved in the standard setting where U.S companies must abide by. Securities and Exchange (SEC), established by the federal government to help create and regulate financial information presented to stockholders. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), an organization of practicing Certified Public Accountants (CPA’s) established to contribute to the effort. And the major operator Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), objective is to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidance and education of the public, which includes issuers, auditors, and use of financial information. Transpired by the London-based International Accounting Standards Boards (ISAB); for international purposes U.S GAAP or (IFRS) International Reporting Standards, also known as IGAAP are two rules accepted for financial reporting. Requirements for IFRS;...
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...organization is reporting under the IFRS standard while their branch in the United States is using US-GAAP. While the differences do not outweigh the similarities, GAAP and IFRS standards have caused some concerns in financial reporting. These concerns have led to the evaluation of these two reporting standards and the discussion on whether to move IFRS worldwide. This paper will outline a few of the differences between GAAP and IFRS as well as review the discussion of standardized reporting using IFRS. Introduction Historically, accounting and reporting standards in the United States have been set by the AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accounts) as laid out by the regulations set by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In 1973, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was developed by the AICPA as a council for establishing standards for reporting for all United States companies. Under FASB, GAAP was reorganized into approximately 90 accounting standards offering concise methods to follow for financial reporting. This not only allowed for ease of access when reading US financials statements, but also allowed for comparison of documentation for investments, credits, and other financial decisions. On the other hand, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) were developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) based in London. Currently, about 120 nations require the use of IFRS for financial reporting by public companies...
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...CASE: Reporting Comprehensive Income: IFRS vs. US GAAP a) Messrs. Cope and Foster dissent from this Statement because it permits an enterprise to display the items of other comprehensive income identified in this Statement with less prominence and to characterize them differently from other items of comprehensive income that are currently included in net income. Messrs. Cope and Foster believe that a primary objective in undertaking a project on reporting comprehensive income was to significantly enhance the visibility of items of other comprehensive income. They also believe that the Board inappropriately failed to respond to the clear and unequivocal call from users of financial statements for the transparent presentation of all items of comprehensive income, whose request is acknowledged in paragraphs 40 and 41 of this Statement. They also note that, as evidenced by the basis for conclusions in the Exposure Draft, the Board held views similar to theirs when it issued that document. We agree with Messrs. Cope and Foster’s concerns. If the companies choose to report the items of other comprehensive income in the Statement of Changes in Equity, the visibility of these items will be decreased because there are many other important item in this statement, and the users may not focus on the important items of other comprehensive income, and at the same time, net income is reported in the Income Statement, which will make the financial statement users focus more on net income...
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...Stanley from: Christopher Michael Yelvington subject: IFRS v. US GAAP: Business COMBINATIONS and Financial Statements. date: April 21, 2015 ------------------------------------------------- Dr. Stanley, When acquiring a foreign subsidiary, there are accounting differences that one must consider. Looking at the big picture U.S. GAAP is more rule based and IFRS is more principles based. Under IFRS, more emphasis is on the substance of transactions and more judgment is used. In this memo, I have identified key differences in U.S. GAPP v. IFRS with regards to the acquisition of a foreign entity and the financial statements. The following are the assumptions regarding your aquisition I have used in my analysis: 1. 80% Single Step Equity Purchase 2. Foreign entity currently reports under IFRS 3. Parent does not meet the definition of a investment entity under IFRS 4. Foreign entity’s functional currency is the Euro You as the parent company can continue to report your financials under US GAAP. Likewise, the foreign subsidiary will continue to report their financial statements under IFRS. For the reporting periods following the date of acquisition, you are required to consolidate the foreign subsidiary’s financial statements with the parent entities financial statements under US GAAP (Gannon & Ashwal, 2004). The consolidation model under US GAAP and IFRS differs. To start, the definition of control varies. Under US GAAP, control is based on controlling financial interested...
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...US GAAP versus IFRS The basics December 2011 !@# Table of contents Introduction .....................................................................2 Financial statement presentation......................................4 Interim financial reporting ................................................6 Consolidation, joint venture accounting and equity method investees .............................................................7 Business combinations ...................................................11 Inventory .......................................................................13 Long-lived assets ...........................................................14 Intangible assets ............................................................16 Impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets ............................................................18 Financial instruments .....................................................20 Foreign currency matters ...............................................28 Leases ...........................................................................30 Income taxes..................................................................33 Provisions and contingencies ..........................................35 Revenue recognition.......................................................37 Share-based payments ...................................................39 Employee benefits other than share-based payments ......41 Earnings...
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...US GAAP versus IFRS The basics November 2013 Table of contents Introduction..................................................................... 2 Financial statement presentation ..................................... 3 Interim financial reporting................................................ 6 Consolidation, joint venture accounting and equity method investees/associates ........................................... 7 Business combinations................................................... 13 Inventory ....................................................................... 15 Long-lived assets ........................................................... 16 Intangible assets............................................................ 18 Impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets ............................................................ 20 Financial instruments..................................................... 23 Foreign currency matters .............................................. 30 Leases ........................................................................... 32 Income taxes ................................................................. 35 Provisions and contingencies ......................................... 37 Revenue recognition ...................................................... 39 Share-based payments................................................... 41 Employee benefits other than share-based payments .....
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...International Financial Reporting Standards vs. Generally Accepted Accounting Principals Over the last decade, the world has become increasingly connected. Businesses are embracing opportunities abroad and gathering investors from a progressively growing international market. Globalization has given rise to a number of questions regarding multicultural business practice. It has also created a need for universal financial reporting that is consistent and useful to all of its users, international and domestic alike. Due to this growing concern, the International Accounting Standards Board was established and has created a code of standards to facilitate such financial reporting. IFRS is an acronym for International Financial Reporting Standards. IFRS are a set of accounting standards that will establish a uniform financial statement accounting standard across the world (AICPA, “What is IFRS”). These standards will create a consistency among financial statements, and will allow external uses better comparability from one entity to another, regardless of the entity’s country of origin. IFRS was developed by the International Accounting Standards Board, IASB, a London based organization established in 2001. The AICPA was a founder member of this board, and, while not in direct affiliation thereof, has established a website to educate individuals and businesses on IFRS (AICPA, “What is the IASB”). The cost of the United States converting to IFRS is under scrutiny, many believe the benefits...
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...Concept Statements in routine preparation of financial statements. (8,2) The IASB and the Interpretations Committee use conceptual framework when developing new or revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and interpretations or when amending existing IFRSs. It is used as a point of reference to help preparers of financial statements in applying IFRSs or when no specific guidance is given. The IASB’s Conceptual Framework is not an International Financial Reporting Standard and does not override any specific IFRS. However, the Conceptual Framework is used in development of future standards and the IASB is reviewing IFRSs and the Conceptual Framework to eliminate all conflicts between them. (2,7) Basis of Accounting Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS use a modified historical cost basis with a growing emphasis on fair value when preparing financial statements. When non-U.S. entities operate in a highly inflationary environment and prepare GAAP financial statements; they have the choice to either report price-level adjusted local currency financial statements or measure its financial statements into a non-highly inflationary currency. Under IFRS, an entity is to adjust to state items in the measuring unit at the current reporting date. Entities that follow U.S. GAAP disclose critical accounting policies and estimates outside financial statements. Information that is reasonably possible of...
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...International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) MBA 691: Managerial Accounting Professor: Prepared by: April 19, 2009 Bibliography: • Ernst & Young, “U.S. GAAP vs. IFRS: The basics”, January 2009. • Securities & Exchange Commission, “Roadmap for the Potential Use of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards by U.S. Issuers”, www.sec.gov/spotlight/ifrsroadmap.htm (Release No. 33-8982; November 14, 2008). • The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), “Impact of IFRS in Europe”, www.accaglobal.com/publicinterest/activities/research/reports/global_integration/, October 7, 2008. • Internal Auditor, magazine, “Getting Up To Speed with IFRS’, October 2008. • International Accounting Standards Board, “IASB Responds to G20 Recommendation and US GAAP Guidance’, www.iasb.org/News/Press+Releases/IASB+Responds+to+G20+Recommendations+and+US+GAAP+Guidance.htm, April 7, 2009. • EU Finance Ministers Statement, www.eu2009.cz/en/news-and-documents/news/statement-by-the-informal-ecofin-15621/ , April 4, 2009. • National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) – Directors Monthly article, “IFRS – What The Board Needs to Know”, http://www.deloitte.com/dtt/cda/doc/content/us_assur_IFRS_DM%20Sep08_20080911pdf.pdf, September 2008. • Deloitte, www.deloitte.com/us/debates/IFRS. • Deloitte, “IFRS Conversion: Front or back Burner?”...
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...GLOBAL AVIATION GROUP 2013 Airline Disclosures Handbook Financial reporting and management trends in the global aviation industry kpmg.com KPMG’s Global Aviation practice KPMG is a global network of professional firms providing Audit, Tax and Advisory services. We operate in 156 countries and have 152,000 people working in member firms around the world. The independent member firms of the KPMG network are affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Through its member firms, KPMG has invested extensively in developing an experienced aviation team. KPMG’s understanding of the aviation industry is both current and forward looking, thanks to KPMG’s global experience, knowledge sharing, industry training and use of professionals with direct experience in the aviation industry. KPMG member firms serve many of the market leaders within the airline sector. We are leading providers of external audit services with 33% market share of the top 50 airlines by revenue. We also provide other services to over half of these top 50 airlines. KPMG member firms’ strength lies in our professionals and their knowledge and experience gathered from working with a large and diverse client base. KPMG’s airline industry experience helps the teams understand both your business priorities and the strategic issues facing your company. KPMG’s Global Aviation practice’s presence in many international markets, combined with industry knowledge, positions KPMG...
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...accounting profession and how I see them affecting me in the future with regards to IFRS companies submitting IFRS on US stock exchanges? Macdonald Felix Rusoto Muchemedzi Student Kaplan University As the Stock exchange affords different investors the opportunity to actively trade in the non-US companies and also provide an avenue for non-US companies to raise capital will the investment and accounting community be able to fully understand the information and make rational and informed decisions. In this discussion paper I will discuss the key requirement that participants should be financial bilingual to fully understand both sets of financial reports (IFRS and USGAAP) in order to be able to compare them, thus comparability is the main challenge facing the accounting profession and harmonization/convergence is a current and future requirement to ensure comparability, other factors will come into play as will be discussed later. My future has already started to be affected as I work in a US subsidiary in South Africa and we are required to provide USGAAP reconciliation from our IFRS financial reports and with greater convergence I strongly believe my work will be less as there will be no longer a need to be financially bilingual as there will be one set of financial reports. Literature review Both IFRS and USGAAP financial reporting standards are developed from the conceptual framework, hereafter IFRS conceptual framework referred to as CFW and the USGAAP conceptual framework...
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...The Framework of FRS F.R.A SS7 Two systems worldwide R22: Financial Statement Analysis: An Introduction R23: Financial Reporting Mechanics R24: Financial Reporting Standards The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) The Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) R25: Understanding the I/S R26:Understanding the B/S R27: Understanding the C/F R28: Financial Analysis Techniques R29: Inventories R30: Long-Lived Assets R31: Income Taxes R32: Long-Term Liabilities and Leases U.S. GAAP SS9 SS8 Generally Accepted Accounting Principle The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) The International Accounting Standards (IAS) The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) SS10 Recognition R33: Financial Reporting Quality R34: Financial Statement Analysis: Applications Measurement IFRS Disclosure Financial analysis 3-375 4-375 Framework Financial reporting & analysis 1. The role of financial reporting and financial statement analysis The role of financial reporting The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) definition: 2. The resources used for financial statement analysis Financial reporting refers to the way companies show their financial performance to investors, creditors, and other interested parties by preparing and presenting financial statements. Key financial statements Other relevant information The objective of financial statements is to...
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...New York Stock Exchange since 1997. In its 2005 annual report, China Eastern Airlines presents two sets of financial statements: one prepared under People’s Republic of China accounting regulations, and a second set prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards. In addition, as a listed company on the New York Stock Exchange, China Eastern Airlines files Form 20-F with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. This filing includes a limited reconciliation of net income and net assets from International Financial Reporting Standards to United States’ generally accepted accounting principles. Your job is to examine these financial statements, explore any differences noted between each of the financial statements and U.S. GAAP, and highlight some issues to be included in a financial analysis of China Eastern Airlines for possible inclusion in an investment portfolio. W INTRODUCTION alt Gregory is a junior portfolio analyst at Chartgood, a portfolio manager for several major mutual funds. Susan Bedell, the portfolio manager, just informed Walt that one of the funds she managed, the Global Horizon Fund, was considering adding one company from the People’s Republic of China to its portfolio. She asked Walt to investigate Chinese airlines, since airlines were under-represented in this particular international portfolio. She felt that with the People’s Republic of China’s recent accession to the World Trade Organization and their selection as host for the 2008...
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...Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is the standard platform of guidelines that governs the rules of financial accounting utilized in the preparation of financial statements. The US GAAP can be quite flexible in its interpretations and rulings, but the framework of GAAP is based upon certain constraints and principles in the preparation of financial reports. This paper shall endeavor to address the organization of GAAP and some of the specific areas of its governing responsibility. BODY GAAP is defined as a set of accounting patterns that are required to prepare and report the financial statements of public and private companies and non-profit organizations in the United States. It hand down the standards and rules for the aid of accountants so that they can record and prepare a summary of their transactions, for their financial statements. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) in the United States is responsible for codifying the rules of GAAP that is referred to as US GAAP. In the United States, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) provide guidance, assistance, and enforcement of the standard acceptable practices of accounting. GAAP is used to prepare all the financial documents of a company and increase its understandability and faithfulness for the investors. Without GAAP, companies would not have to follow a standard...
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