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Ikea

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1. Strategy adopted? http://www.oppapers.com/essays/The-Strategy-Adopted-By-Ikea/740556 1 Explain, in details, the strategy adopted by IKEA, and how it successfully did the positioning.

*** At business level strategy
Focus Strategies
By implementing a cost leadership or differentiation strategy, IKEA choose to compete by exploiting their core competencies on an industry-wide basis and adopt a broad competitive scope.
Alternatively, IKEA can choose to follow a focus strategy by seeking to use their core competencies to serve the needs of a particular customer group in an industry. In other words, IKEA focus on specific, smaller segments (or niches) of customers rather than across the entire market. Focused Business Level Strategies involve the same basic approaches as Broad Market Strategies.

Focus strategies can be based either on cost leadership or differentiation.

Focused Cost Leadership Strategy

IKEA that compete by following cost leadership strategies to serve narrow market niches generally target the smallest buyers in an industry (those who purchase in such small quantities those industry-wide competitors cannot serve them at the same low cost). Global furniture retailer IKEA provide customers with “affordable solutions for better living” through use of the focused cost leadership strategy. The company offers home furnishings that combine good design, function, and quality with low prices. IKEA does this by offering low-cost, modular furniture (assembled by customers), using self-service as an alternative to having sales associates follow and pressure customers to buy. IKEA displays its products in room-like settings so that customer can view different combinations of furniture, eliminating the need for assistance from sales associates or decorators to visualize the setting and reducing employee costs. Customers also pick up their own purchases to reduce the company’s costs. Finally, stores address the needs of shoppers (e.g., extended hours and in-store childcare) while they shop.
Focused Differentiation Strategy http://www.openlearningworld.com/books/Business%20Strategies/Business%20Strategy/Focus%20Strategies.html
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focused differentiation strategies produce customised products for small market segments. They can be successful when either the quantities involved are too small for industry-wide competitors to handle economically, or when the extent of customisation (or differentiation) requested is beyond the capabilities of the industry-wide differentiator. For example, Manufacturers such as Ferrari, Aston Martin, and Lamborghini compete in the tiny super car category with prices starting at $150,000 and running as high as $600,000. These cars are more than just transportation.
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Just as was noted for industry-wide differentiators and low-cost producers, companies choosing to focus must be particularly adept at completing primary and secondary value chain activities in a superior way. Issues related to the five competitive forces are similar to those discussed for the differentiation and cost leadership strategies, except that the competitive scope of the focus is on a narrow segment rather than the industry. You should review Figures 4-2 and 4-3 (Value-Creating Activities) as well as the earlier discussion of the five competitive forces for the cost leadership and differentiation strategies.
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8. Restrictions (Last question) http://www.openlearningworld.com/books/Business%20Strategies/Business%20Strategy/Focus%20Strategies.html
Competitive Risks of Focus Companies The competitive risks of focus companies are similar to those previously noted for the cost leadership and differentiation strategies with the following additions: Competitors may successfully focus on an even smaller segment of the market, "out focusing" the focuser, or focus only on the most profitable slice of the focuser's chosen segment.
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An industry-wide competitor may recognise the attractiveness of the segment served by the focuser and mobilise its superior resources to better serve the segment's needs.
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Preferences and needs of the narrow segment may become more similar to the broader market, reducing or eliminating the advantages of focusing.
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6. Major actions / plans that help business http://www.openlearningworld.com/books/Business%20Strategies/Business%20Strategy/Focus%20Strategies.html
Companies may choose to follow a focus strategy because: * they are able to serve a narrow segment more effectively than competitors that choose to compete industry wide * the narrow segment's needs are so special that industry-wide competitors choose not to meet them * certain narrow segments are being poorly served by industry-wide competitors * the company has a unique ability to identify the needs or preferences of narrow segments that its core competencies will enable it to meet better than its competitors
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3. How does this tie with Market spread & growth of Business? http://www.openlearningworld.com/books/Business%20Strategies/Business%20Strategy/Focus%20Strategies.html Focused Business Level Strategies involve the same basic approaches as Broad Market Strategies. However, opportunities may exist because: * Large companies may overlook small niches * Company may lack resources to compete industry-wide * May be able to serve a narrow market segment more effectively than industry wide competitors * Focus can allow you to direct resources to certain value chain activities to build competitive advantage * May be able to retrofit old factories to keep costs down * Minimise R&D costs by copying innovators * Focused Differentiators may thrive by selecting a small market that is underserved by large players
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7. Supply chain at IKEA

Sectors of industry and sustainable supply chains
When consumers go to a retailer like IKEA, they will be looking at the different ranges of products and how they are presented. They may also look for quality customer service. However, consumers may not be aware that before products reach them, they must move from being raw materials through a variety of stages to become finished products suitable for sale. This is known as the supply chain.

The supply chain involves a flow of production and processes through each of the three industrial sectors

IKEA takes its responsibilities seriously and organises its operations in order to have a positive effect upon the environment: * It aims that all the products and materials it takes from the primary sector do not harm the environment. * Its products are manufactured in a responsible way.
The case study looks in detail how IKEA has achieved its aim to be a responsible business in each of the three sectors of the supply chain.

http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/ikea/building-a-sustainable-supply-chain/the-primary-sector.html -READ THE ENTIRE CASE STUDY HERE ON SUPPLY CHAIN !!!!
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------------------------------------------------- http://www.actuarisk.be/files/IkeaSite.pdf - PDF on IKEA site
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------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- In-Store Logistics at IKEA http://logisticsviewpoints.com/2009/11/05/in-store-logistics-at-ikea/ by Steve Banker
November 5th, 2009
At many companies, the vision statement is comprised of empty words. Not at IKEA, where the company has a clear vision and its various functions work together to support its distinctive value proposition.
IKEA, the world’s largest home furnishings retailer, has a vision of providing “well designed, functional home furnishings [at] prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them.” But the company also differentiates itself as a retailer. It offers distinctive product designs, and while its stores have a typical warehouse format on the bottom level, the second level provides a comfortable environment where customers can browse home furnishing concepts. From an assortment perspective, IKEA is distinctive by committing to a catalog of products that will be stocked for a year at a guaranteed price.

How IKEA's Vision is Supported Across the Organization (Source: ARC Advisory Group; click to enlarge)
At a high level, IKEA designs distinctive products that are also designed for low-cost manufacturing. Most furniture is designed for the customer to assemble, and they are also designed to fit into an efficient packaging cube for low-cost transport, which benefits both the customer and IKEA. Because the company is a very high volume retailer, it gets good prices on what it procures.
IKEA’s store operations are supported by high-flow facilities (focused on the 20 percent of SKUs that account for 80 percent of the volume) and low-flow warehouses that are more manual. In its high-flow warehouses, IKEA employs automatic storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) to drive down its costs-per-touch.
IKEA stores are also warehouses. On the first floor, the products selected by customers are picked off a floor pallet location racking as high as the typical person could reach. Additional product is stored in reserve racks above these locations. Inventory is let down to the lower slots at night (forklifts and pallet jacks are not used during store hours for safety reasons). About one third of the lower level is comprised of a warehouse off limits to customers. This space contains items too bulky for customers to load without help. Since IKEA wants as much self service as possible, it works to minimize the number of items in this bulk storage area.
IKEA employs logistics personnel at its stores. There is an in-store logistics manager responsible for the ordering process and a store goods manager responsible for material handling logistics. Having logistics personnel work in stores is rare, but there are good arguments for this (see “Should Logistics Personnel Work in Retail Stores?”).
The in-store logistics manager uses a proprietary system developed by IKEA to set and respond to store-level inventory reorder points (min and max settings), which is also fairly unique. Most retailers forecast at the distribution center (DC) level and inventory replenishment logic (e.g., minimum order quantity before reordering, maximum amount of a particular product to reorder at any one time) also resides at the DC level.
Because IKEA doesn’t replenish during the day, the logic of its min/max is based on having a bin large enough to cover all the sales for one day. Because what is sold is known (POS data) and what comes into the store is also known (WMS data), very little cycle counting is done. However, IKEA’s system is able to catch anomalies. If the system expects a certain volume of a particular product to have sold during a two day period, and much less has sold, the system will direct in-store logistics to go to the location and conduct a manual stock check. Store-level inventory accuracy at other retailers is often surprisingly low (see “The First Moment of Truth”). IKEA believes its process and system allows for the right goods to be in the store with greater certainty, and at a lower cost, than the traditional retail forecasting/replenishment process.
IKEA is moving to having in-store logistics personnel work with RF terminals. These terminals will direct workers to bins and tell them how much inventory to let down. Unlike in a DC, where WMS logic is often focused on minimizing travel distances, the guiding principle here is to minimize touches.
At many companies, advances can be easily copied by competitors. But IKEA has a clear vision supported by complementary cross-functional logic. This not only differentiates IKEA from its peers, but also provides it with a competitive advantage that is difficult to duplicate.
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