...International Marketing Planning: Adaptation and Standardisation Professor Demetris Vrontis International Marketing Planning: Adaptation and Standardisation Professor Demetris Vrontis Dean, School of Business, University of Nicosia President, EuroMed Research Business Institute (EMRBI) Chairman, EuroMed Academy of Business (EMAB) Founding Editor, EuroMed Journal of Business (EMJB) 1 www.emrbi.com www.emeraldinsight.com/emjb.htm 2 International marketing planning (Vi.Mi.S.O.S.T.I.C.) Vi: vision - what is the desired future, principal goals and direction of our organisation? Mi: mission - what are the core corporate values? S: situation analysis - where are we now? O: objectives - where do we want to go? S: strategy - how do we get there - the broad direction? T: tactics - how do we get there - the details of strategies? I: implementation - what are the specific actions required to put the plan to work? C: control - how do we know we have arrived? 3 The screen versions of these slides have full details of copyright and acknowledgements 1 International Marketing Planning: Adaptation and Standardisation Professor Demetris Vrontis International marketing planning (Vi.Mi.S.O.S.T.I.C.) adaptation and standardisation Vi: vision Mi: mission S: situation analysis O: objectives S: strategy T: tactics (adaptation and standardisation) I: implementation C: control 4 International marketing planning International marketing planning can be defined as the...
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...Running head: ROY’S ADAPTATION MODEL Nursing theory is an organized framework of concepts that are designed to guide nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision-making. There are many different types of nursing theories. This present paper will focus on one of the Grand theories, the Roy Adaptation model (RAM). The paper is divided into four main sections focusing on the importance of the RAM; summary of key concepts; view of RAM on specialization; and conclusion. There has been an evolution of nursing practice from when Florence Nightingale started. Nurses used to take direct medical direction to an evolution of independence. Today, advanced practice nurses are PHD, DNP, researchers, nurse practitioners, leadership positions in health care organizations, and education . The independence of the nursing profession has occurred in part due to an evolution of nursing theories. The importance of the nursing theories is that they provide framework for nursing practice. There are more than thirty different theorists who have helped contribute to the process. Broadly, these thirty theories can be divided into three major categories Grand theory, Middle theory, and practice. The present paper focuses on the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) of the Grand Theory. This was chosen as it approaches the care of the patient using a scientific and holistic approach, which aligns with my personal practice as a nurse and belief system. Initially, this model was considered...
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...1. Introduction The Hariyo Ban program is an ambitious program designed to benefit nature and people in Nepal. It was started with the vision of reducing adverse impacts of climate change and threats to biodiversity, by restoring and conserving forests while improving livelihoods, and building resilience to climate change in both people and ecosystems in 2011. It works on three core interwoven components – biodiversity conservation, sustainable landscapes and climate adaptation – with livelihoods, gender and social inclusion being important crosscutting themes. Hariyo Ban is a USAID-funded consortium of four core partner organizations – World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), Federation of Community Forestry Users, Nepal (FECOFUN) and the National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) – with WWF serving as the managing partner. The program finds its inspiration from the popular saying ‘Hariyo Ban Nepal Ko Dhan’ (Healthy green forests are the wealth of Nepal) which emphasizes the links between people and forests that underpins the project’s approach (Sundar Safalta, part 1). CHAL covers the 32057 square km area from Terai 200 m to Himal 8091 m above to see level in central Nepal. The landscape includes all or part of 19 districts and is drained by six major perennial rivers and their tributaries of the broader Gandaki River System. In this region varity of climates (hot in terai to cold in Himalaya) can be found. More than 35 percent...
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...no: MSE-2011:64 September 2011 Adaptation of Agile Practices: A Systematic Review and Survey Budsadee Kongyai and Edi Edi School of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE-371 79 Karlskrona Sweden This thesis is submitted to the School of Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Software Engineering. The thesis is equivalent to 40 weeks of full time studies. Contact Information: Author(s): Budsadee Kongyai Address: Kungsmarksvägen 43 Karlskrona 371 44, Sweden E-mail: nune.budsadee@gmail.com Edi Edi Address: Kungsmarksvägen 57 Karlskrona 371 44, Sweden E-mail: edi198@gmail.com University advisor(s): Dr. Jürgen Börstler School of Computing EMSE Co-supervisors: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. H. Dieter Rombach (TU Kaiserslautern) Dr. Ove Armbrust (Fraunhofer IESE, Germany) School of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE-371 79 Karlskrona Sweden Internet: www.bth.se/com Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 Abstract Context. Due to the uniqueness of software projects there is no single Agile development approach that ideally fits all project contexts. Each software project is unique, whether in its subject area, development team, or project size. Because of this, adapting Agile practices according to project circumstances is a must. There has been a number of literature published discussing Agile practices adaptation topic. However, it is still unclear...
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...Adapt to the college, survive the life The college life should be enjoyable and colorful, but on campus some sights can also be seen: some students can not understand what teachers said in the class at all; some students have too much information to know and too many activities to participate in so that they do not have enough time to learn their courses well; some students have bad financial management without their parents’ control. Most of these problems show the importance of good adaptation. “Survival of the fittest”, said by Charles Robert Darwin in the . Therefore, good adaptation is needed extremely to survive the college life, because in the university, life is occupied with plenty of courses, masses of work, and requires the ability of management. Study is the most significant matter that is demanded to adapt. The study mode in the university is entirely different from that in the high school. Students need to switch their learning method quickly so that they will not feel discomfort when gaining knowledge. There are some proposals for students to consider. Stopping complaining about how strict the teaching requirements are and how difficult this course is, simply being devoted to every word teachers said are the first step to take. Second, it is a good choice as well to ask the teachers directly for help whenever there is difficulty in understanding the lessons. It is unnecessary to feel ashamed. More often, the teachers can not only help students solve...
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...International Marketing 1 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing Objectives What you should learn from Module 1 What is meant by international marketing. To understand the scope of the international marketing task To comprehend the importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) in international marketing. To be able to identify and manage the factors influencing internationalisation of companies. To evaluate the progression of becoming an international marketer. To see how international marketing concepts influence international marketers. To appreciate the increasing importance of global awareness. 1.1 The Internationalisation of Business 1.2 International Marketing Defined 1.3 The International Marketing Task 1.4 Environmental Adjustment Needed 1.5 Self-reference Criterion: An Obstacle 1.6 Becoming International 1.7 International Marketing Orientations 1.8 Globalisation of Markets 1.9 Developing a Global Awareness 1.10 Orientation of International Marketing Summary The first section of International Marketing offers an overview of international marketing and a discussion of the global business, political and legal environments confronting the marketer. International Marketing is defined as Performance of Business activities beyond national borders. The task of international marketer is explained. Key obstacles to international marketing are not just foreign environments but also our won self reverence criteria (SRC) and ethnocentrism. This...
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...for social care (DOH, 2007). The Coalition continues this commitment towards personalisation of care with its “Capable Communities and Active Citizens” document (DOH, 2010). One key area to ensure that care is delivered in a systematic person-centred way is through effective care planning that involves the patient in the process as a key stake holder. Several systematic models to nursing care are available that will facilitate practitioners in ensuring that all needs of the individual are identified and met. This essay will define what is meant by the term “person centred care”, will explore the systematic nursing models of care delivery and will highlight good practice in constructing person-centred care plans. This will be done using examples of an original care plan (constructed by the author for a real patient whose name has been changed) - and will draw upon information and evidence from a range of contemporary sources. It is appropriate in the context of this essay to firstly define a “person”. A person should not be viewed as a mere physiological entity but rather as an intricate composite of characteristics that make up an individual personality (AHMD, 2007). The National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (2008) stated that person centred care is the first principle for guiding the delivery of health care. It describes this as health care that is responsive to...
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...plays a crucial part in prevention of disease or healing processes. McCubbin and McCubbin (1993) developed the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation which identifies how families cope with hardships and/or stressors such as chronic illnesses, addictions, deaths, etc. Stress is a concern central to most families. Family involvement provides a greater overview of the care patients should receive to cope with stressors. Therefore, nurse practitioners (NP) have the duty to involve each individual patient in his or her care as well as any identified family member. This paper will focus on the importance of implementing the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation as a foundation to...
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...requires action to reduce impacts of extreme events before, during and after they occur, including technical preventive measures and aspects of socio-economic development designed to reduce human vulnerability to hazards. Approaches toward the management of climate change impacts also have to consider the reduction of human vulnerability under changing levels of risk. A key challenge and opportunity therefore lies in building a bridge between current disaster risk management efforts aimed at reducing vulnerabilities to extreme events and efforts to promote climate change adaptation. There is a need to understand better the extent to which current disaster management practices reflect future adaptation needs and assess what changes may be required if such practices are to address future risks. At the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) in Kobe, Japan, 2005, the inter-agency Vulnerability and Adaptation Resource Group (VARG) presented the discussion paper “Disaster Risk Management in a Changing Climate” to support a dialogue on synergies and differences between approaches to disaster risk...
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... September 18, 2014 Assignment 2 Global Warming: Get Used to It Fareed Zakaria, editor of Newsweek International argues in his 2007 essay “Global Warming: Get Used To It” there is no stopping global warming; it is going to happen regardless of human activity, so adaptation and mitigation are essential. Zakaria cites reliable sources, including the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Frances Cairncross, and their policies for adaptation programs like developing new crops, constructing flood defenses, and making different building codes to prevent building close to sea level. His main purpose is to inform us about the rapid negative effects of global warming in order to persuade his audience to start acting by reducing fuel consumption methods and carbon dioxide pollution. Zakaria stresses the importance of early planning for the inevitable impact of climate change, and although the initial cost might be high, it is worth in the long run. Zakaria is effective because he utilizes rational and emotional evidence to support his claim. Zakaria shows good use of rational evidence when he provided facts and expert opinions to support his position about climate change, mitigation, and adaptation. For instance, he states, “Of the 12 hottest years on record, 11 have occurred since 1995.” This example indicates the rapid growth of global warming in a short span of time and how it will only continue to get worse. Zakaria emphases that by adapting to using hybrid cars...
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...atmosphere with good involvement. In addition, as in my peer feedbacks, I could prepare clear and relevant materials to my learners. I gave importance to the learners’ needs and interests. According to my peers ‘oral feedback, mostly my lessons are student-centered....
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...Bangladesh’s achievements and expectations from the UNFCCC Climate Change Negotiations (COP) Tarafder Md. Arifur Rahman Senior Research Associate Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad BACKGROUND The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC) is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. The objective of the treaty is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system- commonly believed to be around 2°C above the pre-industrial global average temperature. The UNFCCC was opened for signature on May 9, 1992 after an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee produced the text of the Framework Convention as a report following its meeting in New York. Countries who sign up to the UNFCCC are known as ‘Parties’. As of March 2014, UNFCCC has 196 parties. Since the UNFCCC entered into force, the parties have been meeting annually in Conferences of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in dealing with climate change. The parties to the convention have met annually from 1995 in COP to assess progress in dealing with climate change. From 2005 the Conferences have also served as the Meetings of Parties of the Kyoto Protocol (MOP). Also parties to the Convention that are not parties to the Protocol can...
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...SOCIAL ADAPTATION When Software Gives Users a Voice Raian Ali 1 , Carlos Solis 2 , Inah Omoronyia 3 , Mazeiar Salehie 3 and Bashar Nuseibeh 3,4 1 Bournemouth University, UK, 2 FEXCO, Killorglin, Ireland. 3 Lero - Limerick University, Ireland. 4 Open University, UK Keywords: Requirements Engineering, Requirements-Driven Adaptation, Social Adaptation Abstract: Adaptive systems are characterized by the ability to monitor changes in their volatile world and react to monitored changes when needed. The ultimate goal of adaptation is that users’ requirements are always met correctly and efficiently. Adaptation is traditionally driven by the changing state of the system internal and its surrounding environment. Such state should be monitored and analyzed to decide upon a suitable alternative behaviour to adopt. In this paper, we introduce another driver for adaptation which is the users’ collective judgement on the alternative behaviors of a system. This judgmenet should be infered from the individual users’ feedback given iteratviely during the lifetime of a system. Users’ feedback reflects their main interest which is the validity and the quality of a system behaviour as a means to meet their requirements. We propose social adaptation which is a specific kind of adaptation that treats users’ feedback, obtained during the software lifetime, as a primary driver in planning and guiding adaptation. We propose a novel requirements engineering modelling and analysis...
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...1. Is there a market for the product? 2. How far will it need to be adapted for overseas markets? The product must possess characteristics that make it acceptable for the market - these may be features like size, shape, design, performance and even colour. For example, red is a popular colour in Chinese-speaking areas. Organisations also have to consider different languages, customs and health and safety regulations. Standardisation If a company offers a product, which is undifferentiated between any of the markets to which it is offered, then standardisation is taking place. The great benefit of standardisation is the ability to compete with low costs over a large output. The diagram below illustrates the use of a standardised products and marketing mix: In most markets, however, there are many barriers to standardisation. It is not difficult to think about the standard marketing mix for a product and how this might vary from one country to another. For example: product - tastes and habits differ between markets price - consumers have different incomes place - systems of distribution vary widely promotion - Consumers' media habits vary, as do language skills and levels of literacy. With differentiated marketing, on the other hand, an organisation will segment its overseas markets, and offer a marketing mix to meet the needs of each of its markets. The great benefit of standardisation is that costs are lowered, profitability is increased and the task of...
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...Key to key account management: relationship (guanxi) model Y.H. Wong Department of Business Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Introduction There are three major marketing problems facing most international firms today: the difficulty, arising from product range diversity, of segmenting its customers and maintaining long-term relationships with key customers; second, the obstacles of obtaining long-term business contracts from big multinationals; and third, how do the firms evaluate the relationship quality of their key customers? McDonnell Douglas, Peugeot and Japanese retailer Yaohan are all fighting for higher market shares in China because they are shaken down by the Government’s policy swings and railroaded into bad partnerships with key customers who mainly squeeze for advanced technology (Clifford et al., 1997). Many companies receive a big percentage of their sales from relatively few customers. Key account management has been increasingly important in international markets. Key account programs differ considerably across countries and firms, but all organizations have to decide how to identify their own major accounts and how to organize for effective relationship building with them. The purpose of this article is to assist organizations to determine the positioning of their major customer relationships so as to formulate key account relationship marketing strategies and implement them effectively in China and other Asian countries. This...
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