...journey of discovery began on the island of Papua, New Guinea. There, in 1974, a local named Yali asked Diamond a deceptively simple question: "Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo (material goods), but we black people had little cargo (material goods) of our own?" Diamond realized that Yali's question penetrated the heart of a great mystery of human history -- the roots of global inequality. Why were Europeans the ones with all the cargo? Why had they taken over so much of the world, instead of the native people of New Guinea? How did Europeans end up with what Diamond terms the Agents of Conquest: Guns, Germs and Steel? It was these agents of conquest that allowed 168 Spanish conquistadors to defeat an Imperial Inca army of 80,000 in 1532, and set a pattern of European conquest which would continue up to the present day. Diamond knew that the answer had little to do with ingenuity or individual skill. From his own experience in the jungles of New Guinea, he had observed that native hunter-gatherers...
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...Periodo 6 El maya, inca y azteca son algunas de las más grandes civilizaciones de la historia. Aunque los tres de ellos tienen muchas similitudes, tienen muchas diferencias también. A diferencia de las culturas europeas, se sabe poco sobre las antiguas culturas de las Américas. Sin embargo, lo que sí se sabe es fascinante. Estas culturas tenían ciudades complejas, pirámides grandes, cultivos cosechados, negociados con los vecinos, los ejércitos formados, y mucho más. A pesar de que estas culturas precolombinas eran brillantes y contribuyeron en gran medida a las culturas y civilizaciones modernas, eran muy diferentes. En primer lugar, los mayas se remonta a alrededor de 2600 aC, mientras que las civilizaciones inca y azteca son mucho más jóvenes, remonta a 1200 dC y 1325 dC. La civilización maya incluye hoy en día México, Guatemala, El Salvador, Belice y Honduras. La civilización inca se encuentra en las montañas de los Andes en lo que hoy es Perú. Los aztecas vivían en lo que hoy es la Ciudad de México. La Azteca, Maya e Inca todas cultivadas pero tenía diferentes técnicas. Los Aztecas construyeron jardines flotantes, mientras que los mayas quemaban bosques para plantar jardines y el Inca cultivó zonas en terrazas. Las culturas mayas y aztecas tenían un extenso sistema de escritura, pero los incas nunca hicieron uno. Los mayas influenciados matemáticas de hoy y los mayas y aztecas contribuido mucho a la escritura moderna y calendarios. Por otro lado, los incas contribuido mucho...
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...The Maya, Aztec, and Inca were three civilizations that lived in Latin America during the middle ages. It is hard to overlook the fact that they had remarkable similarities, but also some differences.(castletown) Their class structures were similar, and they all valued religion. However, when it came to the roles and expectations of men and women, there are differences between the three races. Each civilization has similarities and differences socially, culturally, economically, politically, militarism, and diplomatically(castletown). In the Mayan civilization, kings, priests, and hereditary nobility were at the top of the social pyramid. Merchants were also relatively high status. However, the majority of people were peasants or slaves. The...
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...South Carolina Social Studies Academic Standards Mick Zais, Ph.D. State Superintendent of Education South Carolina Department of Education Columbia, South Carolina State Board Approved Document – August 18, 2011 Contents Acknowledgments.......................................................................................................................... iii Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Social Studies Standards Page Format .............................................................................................5 Grade-Level Standards for Social Studies Grades K–3 Kindergarten. Foundations of Social Studies: Children as Citizens ...............................................7 Grade 1. Foundations of Social Studies: Families........................................................................12 Grade 2. Foundations of Social Studies: Communities ................................................................17 Grade 3. South Carolina Studies ..................................................................................................22 Grades 4–5 Grade 4. United States Studies to 1865 ........................................................................................29 Grade 5. United States Studies: 1865 to the Present ....................................................................36 Grades 6–8 Grade 6. Early Cultures to 1600...
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...del Vilcanota. Es la capital del Departamento del Cuzco y además, está declarado en la constitución peruana como la capital histórica del país. La ciudad de Cuzco según el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática es la séptima ciudad más poblada del Perú y albergaba en el año 2012 una población de 405.842 habitantes. Antiguamente fue la capital del Imperio inca y una de las ciudades más importantes del Virreinato del Perú. Declarada Patrimonio de la Humanidad en 1983 por la Unesco, suele ser denominada, debido a la gran cantidad de monumentos que posee, como la "Roma de América". BANDERA MONEDA Fundación y época incaica Dos leyendas incaicas atribuyen su fundación a su primer jefe de estado, un personaje legendario llamado Manco Cápac, junto a su hermana y consorte Mama Ocllo. En ambas se afirma que el lugar fue revelado por el dios sol (Inti) a los fundadores después de una peregrinación iniciada al sur del Valle Sagrado de los Incas. Por datos arqueológicos y antropológicos se ha ido estudiando el verdadero proceso de la ocupación del Cuzco. El consenso apunta a que, debido al colapso del reino de Tiahuanaco se produjo la migración de su pueblo. Este grupo de cerca de 500 hombres se habría establecido paulatinamente en el valle del río Huatanay, proceso que culminaría con la fundación...
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...• Inti Raymi (Cusco): La Fiesta del Sol, que ocurre cada 24 de junio. Es uno de los mayores concursos de América del Sur, se celebra el solsticio de invierno y hace honor al dios del sol Inca con una recompensa de coloridos desfiles andinos, música y danza. Se hace cargo de Cusco y transforma las ruinas de Sacsayhuamán dominando la ciudad en un escenario majestuoso. • Virgen del Carmen (Paucartambo): El pequeño pueblo colonial, remoto Andina de Paucartambo es de unas 4 horas de Cusco, pero es sede de uno de los festivales más salvajes del Perú. Sus 3 días de baile, juerga, bebiendo y extravagantes, trajes de miedo empacan en miles que acampan por toda la ciudad (no hay casi nada de estancia) y luego terminan (temporalmente) en el cementerio. • Virgen de la Candelaria (Puno): Puno, tal vez el epicentro del folklore peruano, impregna sus fiestas con una vitalidad única. Candelaria (o Virgen de la Candelaria), que se extiende más de 2 semanas, es una de las mayores fiestas religiosas populares en América del Sur, con una explosión de música, danza, y algunos de los más fantásticos trajes y máscaras visto en cualquier lugar. Inti Raymi : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-vcuH7br-qw (show the dancing Part) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Srj-DT1h8Po (show the part where the person is speaking because there is traduction) virgin del Carmen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJRTDaUwJ3w (get the best parts ) Virgen de la Candelaria...
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...However, during the course of your journey ideologies gradually change. Guevara, displaced and exploited Chilean Communist Peruvian Indians and found the remains of the Inca culture, the film shows that grow from the innocent but questioning the future Ernesto "Che", a leading Latin American peoples. Although formed only a small part of the daily de Guevara, Granado Salles and believe it was witnessing the injustices in the leper colony of San Pablo Guevara made his biggest leap of faith. That way, patients were separated literally and symbolically of doctors, nurses and nuns by the treacherous Amazon River. During the celebration of his birthday on the side of doctors, Guevara decide you'd rather spend your time with patients who had become so fond of and despite his severe asthma and protests about the dangers Granado-jumping and nothing to the other side. His journey metaphorically river marks a significant change in identity, the point at which you realize that what people need is not his scientific knowledge as a physician, but his desire for social change. Other particularly poignant moments come when Guevara and Granado refuse to wear rubber gloves to treat people with leprosy because it means a hierarchical division among themselves; At one point in the film, we see both Ernesto and Alberto meeting homeless communist couple is presented as a poor and struggling family. This scene is known as the "turning point" for Ernesto said "It was one p.m. colder...
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...La evolución del factor religioso en el Perú Basado en el Quinto Ensayo de José Carlos Mariátegui 08/09/2014 Eliana Condori Guzmán Alexandra Hernández Quispe Materia: Comunicación Asesor(a): Yanett Álvarez Fierro Centro de Estudios: Enrique Meiggs Grado de Estudios: Quinto de Secundaria ÍNDICE LA EVOLUCIÓN DEL FACTOR RELIGIOSO EN EL PERÚ INTRODUCCIÓN 02 I. LA REIGIÓN EN LA ÉPOCA INCAICA 03 II. LA RELIGIÓN EN EL TAWANTINSUYO 04 III. LA RELIGIÓN PRE – HISPÁNICA 05 IV. LA INTRODUCCIÓN A LA RELIGIÓN CATÓLICA 06 V. UNA NUEVA RELIGIÓN ANDINA 08 VI. DECAIMIENTO DE LA IGLESIA CATÓLICA 10 VII. DIVERSIDAD DE RELIGIONES 11 CONCLUSIONES 12 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 13 ANEXO 14 INTRODUCCIÓN La religión ha constituido un papel importante y fundamental a lo largo de la historia de las diferentes culturas. Ésta se ha visto arraigado en las estructuras sociales y políticas de los diferentes imperios. Pero, como se sabe, también ha sido elemento de constantes disputas y guerras a lo largo de la historia. Es necesario entender que cada cultura es diferente en sus costumbres, creencias, realidad y sobre todo en su visión y actuar sobre el mundo. Partiendo de ello, se asume que la religión, como medio de expresión cultural, no es diferente. En el Perú, la religión se ha visto determinada...
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...Geography and the Development and Diffusion of Human Societies Patricia A. Millard Western Governors University Geography and the Development and Diffusion of Human Societies The Andes Mountains and the Inca Empire The Andean Civilization known as the Inca Empire existed from the years 1471-1532 in the South American Andes mountain range (Soomo, 2013). A major geographical feature contributing to the growth of the Inca Empire was the mountainous nature of the area surrounding the location of the original tribe. This tribe was located on a plateau about 11,000 feet high, close to what would become the capital city of Cuzco (Hughes, 2002). Local communities had already begun the process of terracing the mountainsides for the purpose of agriculture, but the new Inca Empire expanded and perfected the practice allowing for rapid development. The capital city of Cuzco was laid out in a pattern resembling a puma, with intricate patterns of roads and water channels built of stone (Hughes, 2002). Terraces surrounding the city were built into the mountainside with the same attention to detail, allowing the community to grow food in an inhospitable environment. Archeological evidence has shown that the primary crops were maize and potatoes, with around 200 varieties of potatoes being cultivated at different elevations (A. Smith, 2011). The ability to grow food at these elevations by adapting and changing the geographical challenges they were presented with, allowed the Incas to...
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...American Empires There are many civilizations existed in the early American world, but the biggest and greatest were the Aztec and Inca civilizations. The Aztecs and Incas had many similarities in their religion and also both civilizations conquered by the Spanish ended in the 1500’s, but the difference were the agriculture and the geography of the areas that they settled in. The religion were very similar in Aztec and Inca. They both believed in essentially the same gods and they also believed in human sacrifice, but the Incans did not think it is necessary to have human sacrifice more than a few times a year. Inca’s religion could say was more peaceful religion where the Aztec was more violent. The reason for human sacrifice was they believed...
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...the structure and character of spatial information, its capture, its classification and qualification, its storage, processing, portrayal and dissemination, including the infrastructure necessary to secure optimal use of this information"[1] or "the art, science or technology dealing with the acquisition, storage, processing production, presentation and dissemination of geoinformation".[2] Geomatics is a similarly used term which encompasses geoinformatics, but geomatics focuses more so on surveying. Geoinformatics has at its core the technologies supporting the processes of acquiring, analyzing and visualizing spatial data. Both geomatics and geoinformatics include and rely heavily upon the theory and practical implications of geodesy. Geography and earth science increasingly rely on digital spatial data acquired from remotely sensed images analyzed by geographical information systems (GIS) and visualized on paper or the computer screen.[3] Geoinformatics combines geospatial analysis and modeling, development of geospatial databases, information systems design, human-computer interaction and both wired and wireless networking technologies. Geoinformatics uses geocomputation and geovisualization for analyzing geoinformation. Geoinformatics Research Research in this field is used to support global and local environmental, energy and security programs. The Geographic Information Science and Technology (GIST) Group of Oak Ridge National Laboratory are supported by various government...
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...Features Categories/ Sections The categories/sections are visible right below the NatGeo logo in a hard to miss yellow on black background, just like the logo. The first level of categories includes Home, Video, Photography, Animals, Environment, Travel, Adventure, NatGeo TV, Kids and Shop. When one hovers over any one of these categories, it is illuminated in a different colour with a dropdown box which showcases photographs and article titles about the featured content under that category. Also comes with it a horizontal submenu which gives further sub-categories. Notifications/ Alerts There are no direct notifications or alerts on the website as it is not a social networking or market watch website. Instead all the notifications and alerts are sent by mail to the user’s email id from the Nat Geo website. Integration of Data The content/data in the website has been integrated clearly and quite precisely. Every article, photograph and video has a tag which makes it easier for the data to be classified into categories. The website has a Root structure which can be explained by the following example. Eg. Under Enviornment >> Green Guide >> Green Living >> Green Household >> Vegans and Vegetarians >> The article ‘Side Effects of Becoming a Vegetarian’ Personalization A user can personalize their account by filling in personal details like creating a Username, specifying their Date of Birth, defining their Location, uploading a Profile...
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...Humans have geographically altered the world. Sure, for billions of years, the earth has been changing itself, but humans have done a much faster job. Humans, with our awful habits of deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and causing drainage, are ruining our earth. At first glance, global warming is good for the earth. It would undeniably prevent another ice age from occurring. On the other hand, it would also cause hurricanes, which is bad. Human actions have become the key factor of the earth’s changes. These actions have become way more dangerous than any natural force. George Perkins Marsh, an American geographer, lawyer, public servant, and philologist, took it upon himself to make it known that human actions were changing the earth, for the bad. Marsh, in his book Man and Nature, showed like no one had before the effects man had on the environment and why it mattered. Man and Nature remains today a geographical classic. Marsh compares the earth to a home and man to the tenant. He essentially says man is ripping out the carpets, breaking windows, and letting the ceiling collapse. I definitely agree with that statement. Through the years, evidence of human transformation of the earth has presented itself to me. The hurricanes of 2004, for example, are a result of global warming. The ocean is warmer and the winds stronger, which makes for a very powerful hurricane. And hurricanes, or course, cause damage to homes, cities, and even states. Hurricanes Charley, Frances,...
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...geographical region where cultural traits maintain homogeneity. The cultural traits are supposed to be the product of regional geographical circumstances. It is, thus, regional geography which has become the basis of the delineation of cultural realms in the world. Ratzel’s concept of cultural landscape provided encouragement to geographers for culture regionalization. Blache and Spencer are other geographers who considered the study of cultural realms as an important part of human geography. Apart from the geographers, historians, anthropologists and sociologists have also tried to regionalise the world into cultural realms. The variables of culture include the economic organization, social customs, traditional values, dietary habits, dress patterns, language and uniformity in physical characteristics. On the basis of these variables, various cultural realms can be identified. Brock Webb tried to establish the dominance of a particular phenomenon over the evolution of cultural landscape. He found that the impact of religious values is tremendous over the entire cultural system. All over the world, human beliefs, day-to-day activities and even dress patterns, food habits and social values are influenced by religious messages. To many geographers, religious messages are also influenced by regional geography. A cultural religious investigation reveals that the culture of a particular region becomes ineffective once the religious impact is withdrawn. Considering these phenomena, Brock...
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...Dogon Mask Dance Dogons are from Mali in West Africa. Dogon masks rank among the most respected within the world of tribal art collections and have influenced such Western 20th-century artists as Picasso and Braque, even the Cubist movement. The mask binds the Dogon people to the celestial world of heaven (where the afterworld exists) and Earth, which provides food, shelter and life. An important Dogon tradition is the Dama or masked funeral dance. By masquerading behind masks, the dancers allow the souls of the deceased to escape to their final resting place and to join the ranks of their ancestors, thereby restoring order to the universe. Participation in the Dama is a great honor as it represents the final step in the passage from boyhood to manhood. Boys eagerly watch the infrequently performed ``Dama``, in anticipation of the day in which they may also participate in the dance. The village Elders, who are too old to endure the physical exertion of the dance, stand on the sideline, play the music, explain the meaning of the various masks, and keep the pace of the ritual going. The Dama is usually performed every five years or so. Another one is the ``Sigi`` The most significant celebration that take place every 60 years. The dancers of the sirige mask are considered the most skilled. They use their teeth to balance the 20-foot (6-meter) high mask, which is carved from the limb of a single tree. Dancers swing the mask in sweeping motions to represent the...
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