...might live. Black Elk, Oglala, Sioux Contemporary health status of American Indians can be best viewed through the lens of various federal policies enacted over the past 500 years. These policies were developed largely in response to dramatic population losses among the indigenous peoples of America, resulting from genocidal actions of military campaigns, the lack of immunity to the diseases that accompanied European colonizers, and the assimilation efforts that destroyed tribal structures and wellness practices. Medical services were first coordinated through army physicians in the Department of War in an effort to control the spread of diseases from early reservation sites placed on or near military forts. By the twentieth century, the rapid decline of the Indigenous population, documented by the “Meriam Report” of 19281 prompted new assimilation efforts to save the first Americans. Healthcare services were re-coordinated within the Bureau of Indian Affairs and then into the Public Health Service, finally resting within the Federal Indian Health Service (IHS). Assimilation policies, however, proved to be highly destructive resulting in the loss of languages, culture and social structures. Indigenous wellness practices were threatened and many healing practices were forced underground and many were lost. The influence of Western cultures changed the health and welfare of American Indians prompting a transition from indigenous wellness to bouts of deadly acute illnesses...
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...Company Name : Abbott India Assignment 2- Overview of the Industry (a) Degree of competitiveness in the industry; The Indian Pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than 20,000 registered units. It has expanded drastically in the last two decades. The leading 250 pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market with market leader holding nearly 7% of the market share. It is an extremely fragmented market with severe price competition and government price control. The pharmaceutical industry in India meets around 70% of the country's demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediates, pharmaceutical formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and injectibles. There are about 250 large units and about 8000 Small Scale Units, which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5 Central Public Sector Units). These units produce the complete range of pharmaceutical formulations, i.e., medicines ready for consumption by patients and about 350 bulk drugs, i.e., chemicals having therapeutic value and used for production of pharmaceutical formulations. Following the de-licensing of the pharmaceutical industry, industrial licensing for most of the drugs and pharmaceutical products has been done away with. Manufacturers are free to produce any drug duly approved by the Drug Control Authority. Technologically strong and totally self-reliant, the pharmaceutical industry in India has low costs of production, low R&D costs, innovative scientific...
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...Indian Culture India’s history is one of many dynasties, religions, and conquering invaders. The invaders exerted power and imposed their own cultural institutions, resulting in cultural blending. Today there are as many as six different racial strains present in India, making attempts to trace origins of people very difficult. Among the major influences in India’s history are Hinduism/Brahmanism, Hellenism, Buddhism, and Islam. Hinduism began about 1500 BC and has been the unifying thread in India’s history. Alexander the Great brought Hellenism to India in 326 BC, and although he died three years later, Hellenism continued to influence India for many years. Following the Maura dynasty in 184 BC, Buddhism dominated for over a century. Brahmanism eventually replaced Buddhism, and the Hindu caste system rose. Of the many dynasties that ruled India, the Gupta was one of the most significant. Under the Guptas, Indian culture to new heights and Hinduism peaked. The Islamic Mughal Empire reigned from 1526 to 1707 and exerted considerable influence on Indian culture (Dickinson 1998). While there are more than three hundred languages and dialects spoken in India, Hindi, the national language, is predominant, spoken by over forty percent the population. There are two main groups categorizing language in India, including the Indo-Aryans in the north and the Dravidians in the south. Indo-Aryans predominantly speak Hindi, but have numerous dialect variations. However, in this age...
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...Asian-Americans are of Chinese descent. Another culture’s population that is quickly increasing is natives from India. Approximately, 8.7 million Indian natives live in the United States. Both of these cultures are dominant in the United States and share similar health views. Chinese Americans Often, Chinese Americans access to health care and other services is denied because of discrimination. Even with Chinese Americans having the highest tuberculosis and suicide rates in the United States, access to health care becomes difficult because of language barriers, cultural conflicts, and attitudes toward illness. Because of these barriers, most Chinese Americans rely on traditional Chinese herbal medicine. There are several agencies such as the Richmond Maxi Center, located in the Richmond district of San Francisco and the Asians for Community Involvement in the Silicon Valley of California that were established to meet the needs of Chinese Americans and other Asian Americans. Today, both Chinese and Western medicines are widely used by Chinese Americans, although some use exclusively Chinese medicine while others only Western medicine. Traditional Chinese health beliefs include adopting a holistic view while emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in increasing risk of disease. According to Quah (1985), these factors influence the balance of body's harmony, yin and yang. The Chinese believe that yin and yang are two opposite but complementary forces and, together...
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...filled with many cultures and it is important for healthcare professionals to understand most of them, therefore understand their patient. The heritage assessment includes the many factors that may influence a patient’s medical decision such as their religious beliefs and cultural background (Spector, 2009). The heritage assessment is very useful in understanding a patient’s preferred health approach to maintain, protect and restore it. Knowing cultural beliefs and values are very significant because in many cases, they are important to the patient and the beliefs and values influence their health choices. By using the heritage assessment, it would aid many health care professionals in informing patients of other cultures of changes they need to make to their health behavior and even recommend culturally accepting health methods for them. In fact, a nurse’s own workplace consists of people from all over the world. Indian, Arabic (Muslim) and American heritages are very different yet they are similar as well. This paper compares and contrasts their views on health. Health maintenance is varies throughout every culture (Spector, 2009). Indians use many different remedies to cure illness and to prevent it such as Ayurveda and even medicine. Ayurveda believes that disease is caused by a disproportion of the bodily humors and cured by the re-establishment of the equilibrium through meditation, diet and natural medicine. Older Indian populations are very conservative when it comes...
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...Heritage Assessment Grand Canyon University 7/5/2014 Introduction Many times the United States is referred to as a melting pot of people, but this description of the diverse cultures and heritages that make up our nation fails to recognize the extreme individuality of the people here. Perhaps a better description would be a salad bowl, with each part and piece amazingly unique from the rest. Culture is a learned way of thinking and acting. “The behavioral, intellectual, and emotional forms of life expression represent a cultural heritage that is passed on from generation to generation” (Smith, 2009). Culture and heritage greatly influence all aspects of a person’s health. One’s heritage may determine a persons beliefs relating to the physical and /or spiritual approaches that people use to maintain, protect and restore health. The Heritage Assessment tool A heritage assessment tool is a set of 29 questions that address a person’s heritage. It looks at family connections, use of original language, religion, attendance of cultural functions and dietary habits and how closely an individual follows these practices from their cultural roots. Within this paper the author will examine the results of three families from India, Holland and Korea who took the assessment. It will look at how the heritage assessment ties in to help evaluate how closely an individual may follow common health traditions and practices such as health protection, maintenance and restoration from...
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...Note: The paper emphasizes on the role of all the stake holders of the health insurance industry, with particular focus on Policyholders perceptions on Health insurance based on household survey. The Burgeoning Indian Health Insurance Industry: ……...Yet miles to go!!! By *V. Jayalakshmi (M.Phil, LLB, FIIII(Non-Life)) __________________________________________________________________ * Assistant Professor, Siva Sivani Institute of Management, Kompally, Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Pursuing Ph D from Osmania University, jayalakshmi@ssim.ac.in *This paper was presented at the National Seminar on Health Insurance “A Decade of Experience: Health Care Insurance… Present Scenario”, in Hyderabad on 24th January, 2012. The Burgeoning Indian Health Insurance Industry: ……...Yet miles to go!!! Introduction Health insurance has become one of the fastest growing segments in the non-life insurance industry in India in the recent years, experiencing a robust sixty per cent remarkable growth during 2007 – 08 over the past year. From a modest premium volume of Rs. 675 crore in 2001- 02 the health insurance premium has grown to Rs. 7803 crores in year 2009-2010, and is poised to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25 to 30 per cent to reach a market size of around Rs 28,000 crore by financial year (FY) 2015 as per IRDA estimates. This segment is also emerging...
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...Heritage Assessment: Applying The Heritage Assessment Jake Freeman GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY: NRS - 429V 10/31/2011 Applying the heritage assessment can be useful with integration into the health care system. First impressions go along with the proper approach. If you look at it this way first impressions are important in every culture. With the plethora of cultures out there and each family shaped by these values and beliefs a good approach is always an informed one. With a little common courtesy, topped off with some minimal knowledge of ones heritage you can get started on a good foot with your patient. So many cultures are part of the United States culture that being informed is our responsibility as nurses. Incorporating a cultural competent nurse into the work force makes for an appropriate health care experience. This paper will discuss the heritage of 3 different families. Families A,B, and C and how these families practice health traditions. How their parents where brought up and how they’ve been influenced through old ways. This assessment is to create an understanding of how useful the heritage assessment is. It puts patient and practitioner on a level where both participants can feel comfortable with communication, and interaction in order to provide quality care. Family A is from Gilbert, AZ. The wife is from India. Her spouse is from Boston, MA. This family is very matriarchal and the wife’s ways of culture are strong standing...
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...Health Promotion Among Diverse Populations Healthcare is an ever changing entity with an ever changing population of clients. In current day 2016, the United Sates has become a melting pot of many different cultural backgrounds, which has led to changes within the system to accommodate the patient base. Unfortunately, not all changes have been able to effectively reach any and all persons from every background. We still see language and cultural barriers that have direct correlation to the inability to seek healthcare and or the ability to change cultural perspectives to ensure healthy lifestyles. Within this paper, the health of American Indian and Alaskan Native populations will be discussed along with the barriers to care and the health disparities within this culture. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the number of American Indian or Alaskan Native (AI/AN) residents residing within the US was 4.5 million in 2013 and among that population 14.3% were considered in fair or poor health (CDC, 2016. p.1). Taking into consideration cultural and geographic location, one may think that number would be higher. There is a predominant amount of people within the selected group that live off the grid, which makes means for proper healthcare almost none existent. Traditional health remedies within this group also makes seeking out modern medicine a non-likely occurrence. Because of these barriers, the current health status of the described group is...
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...in this essay I have endeavoured to understand the forms in which corruption is prevalent in Indian Healthcare Services. Along with this, I have also tried to suggest certain measures which would help tackle corruption. The former president of Medical Council of India, Mr.Ketan Desai has been charged with corruption both the times he has been elected for the post. Despite his removal in 2001 following the charges, he was re-elected by the Government of India in 2009 (Pandya 2009). Thereafter in 2011 Mr Desai was arrested by the CBI for accepting a highly culpable amount of bribe from two medical colleges seeking recognition. (Chauhan, 2011). Mr Desai justifies the definition of corruption by Transparency International, as the result of misused powers to benefit personally instead of doing public welfare (Vian, 2007). Moreover, this definition would be appropriate for the Government of India who elected a person with history of fraud to be the president of the central health governing body of the nation. Health sector, in any nation, is a vast network involving different participants at each stage ( Hussmann,2011). Therefore it becomes difficult to actively regulate and monitor each of these participants. In India, particularly, the dysfunctional government (Mahajan, 2010) and people’s attitudes (Hussmann, 2011) are the main causes behind the present trend of corruption. Indian Government has been proven inefficient time and again in mitigating corruption. For instance...
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...UNIFORM CODE OF PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING PRACTICES The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is one of the most rapidly growing science based industries in terms of remarkable capabilities in both the manufacture and technology. India being among one of the five pharmaceutical emerging markets has an average annual growth of 8-9 percent with an approximate worth of $ 4.5 billion. With more new drug launches, new drug applications, phase II clinical trials taking place this year the growth can be expected to be 13-14 percent in the future. Considering the rise in the pharmaceutical sector and to bring about uniformity in the marketing of these drugs, a Code has been introduced by the Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Government of India. This code named as Uniform Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices (UCPMP) was introduced on December 12, 2014 and became effective from January 01, 2015. UCPMP initially set to be a voluntary code for the Pharmaceutical Industries was then decided to be made as statutory Code when DoP was urged by the Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI). UCPMP is expected to facilitate good marketing practices, increased levels of transparency and accountability across healthcare industry and remove ambiguity on all aspects of marketing by the pharmaceutical industries. The code covers various parameters like the general points to be followed by the industry, claims and comparisons related to other products, textual and audiovisual...
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... ROLL: 19 SEMESTER: 6 COURSE: BACHELOR IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION TOPIC: PRIVATISATION IN THE INDIAN HEALTHCARE SECTOR CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. PRIVATIZATION 1.2 INDIAN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY 1.2.1 DRIVERS FOR GROWTH OF HEALTHCARE 1.3 PUBLIC HEALTHCARE IN INDIA 1.4 PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE INDIAN HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM 1.4.1 GOVERNMENT POLICIES TO SUPPORT THE GROWTH OF PRIVATE SECTOR 1.4.2 FDI IN THE INDIAN HEALTHCARE 1.4.2.1 STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN HOSPITALS IN INDIA 1.4.2.2 CONSTRAINTS TO FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN HOSPITALS IN INDIA 1.4.2.3 FOREIGN PRESENCE IN HOSPITALS IN INDIA 1.4.2.4 SUMMARY OF PROS AND CONS FOR FINANCING SOURCES OF HOSPITALS OBJECTIVES 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3. ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR 3.1 QUALITY AND PRIVATE HEALTHCARE SERVICES 3.2 IMPACT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN HOSPITALS IN INDIA 3.3 CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF PRIVATE SECTOR 3.4 EMERGING TRENDS IN HOSPITALS IN INDIA: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS 4. CONCLUSION 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY ...
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...applying a heritage evaluation in assessing the requirements of the whole person is helpful in looking at one’s roots and hereditary. The prominent sociable society in the world has raised worry on modified attention in health care. The cultural surroundings of an organization or society have extensive result on management and power of health care issues, which is necessary. The rise in public responsiveness to the support of firm health and disease anticipation has encouraged the formation of method that makes it easier for professionals in healthcare to know the people in their care. Implementing Heritage Assessment tool is one of the mechanisms to get back the attributes of a person before administrating health involvement (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). As a person from Indian background, my opinion is that, practices, way of life and habitual attitude towards health, are diverse and are precise depending on the region or area. Indians are well known for treating and enduring guests without considering their economic status, race, and religious practices. The elderly in India are under the belief that health and wealth are closely related with body, soul and mind. Mental health...
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...information about different cultures, nationalities and which helps healthcare professional to build a cultural competencies. The tool is used to investigate a particular ethnic group or population. As the United States becomes more racially and ethnically diverse, every individual’s basic needs to be addressed. Heritage assessment tool helps to identify and acknowledge one’s own cultural heritage and beliefs and how it influences one’s attitude and behavior in providing care .Culture is a specific pattern of behavior, which include belief, custom knowledge, and skills that distinguishes any society from others. Heritage assessment tool determine how much a person adhere to their traditions. A traditional person always observes his or her traditional culture very closely. This tool is useful in performing heritage assessment depending on how deeply a person identify and answer question and also help to understand health tradition of a person. The greater number of positive response shows the person’s greater identification with traditional heritage. Assessing an individual’s cultural heritage is the first and most important step to Identify the communication barrier of a person from another culture. Each culture views the world differently. Based on their beliefs and practices, people from different ethno cultural heritage define health and illness differently. Their cultural background, religion, influences a person’s health and beliefs .A nurse must understand these diverse...
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...Emma Pitchforth2 and Susan F Murray3 Abstract National and transnational health care systems are rapidly evolving with current processes of globalisation. What is the contribution of the social sciences to an understanding of this field? A structured scoping exercise was conducted to identify relevant literature using the lens of India – a ‘rising power’ with a rapidly expanding healthcare economy. A five step search and analysis method was employed in order to capture as wide a range of material as possible. Documents published in English that met criteria for a social science contribution were included for review. Via electronic bibliographic databases, websites and hand searches conducted in India, 113 relevant articles, books and reports were identified. These were classified according to topic area, publication date, disciplinary perspective, genre, and theoretical and methodological approaches. Topic areas were identified initially through an inductive approach, then rationalised into seven broad themes. Transnational consumption of health services; the transnational healthcare workforce; the production, consumption and trade in specific health-related commodities, and transnational diffusion of ideas and knowledge have all received attention from social scientists in work related to India. Other themes with smaller volumes of work include new global health governance issues and structures; transnational delivery of health services and the transnational movement...
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