...Impact of Indoor Air Quality Towards Workers’ Health Performance on Safety Engineering Perspective Ahmad Shah Hizam bin Md Yasir (GS40361) andMohd Ruzaimi bin Mohd Ariffin (GS38824) | | | Abstract Deterioration of air quality in working environments has now become an increasing and critical in both developed and developing countries. The potential risks and problems related to indoor air pollution has been recognized, and there is a need to measure and establish air quality standards for those working in any confined environments. For health and safety reasons, the indoor air quality (IAQ) in an enclosed building, where a few people are working in it, was investigated. This study aimed to determine the association between indoor air quality and the workers’ health performance in XYZ Company. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 117 respondents. Assessments on IAQ perception level from staff were conducted through questionnaires, which consist of Indoor Air Quality and Health Performance Survey. The three IAQ variables tested in this study are ventilation, particles contaminant and thermal comfort. DOSH and STRIDE has also measured the IAQ level, which are the concentration of Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), temperature as well as humidity. All data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS Software. Based on the data analyzed, building occupants’ satisfaction level is identified. Findings show...
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...Natallia Harry Professor Deavers ENG 111/9 12.09.09 Smoking bans Lately, the health hazards connected with "passive smoking" or "second-hand smoke" - also known as "environmental tobacco smoke”, have been gradually getting increased recognition. The majority of people in modern society are aware that smoking can cause health problems not only in smokers but in people nearby. In recent years many cities, districts and whole states have cracked down on smoking in public. As of October 2009, nearly 60 percent of the U.S. population, or more than 175 million people, live in areas that have passed strong smoke-free laws covering restaurants and bars – a figure that has nearly doubled in size in three years ( Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids). While the purpose of smoke-free laws is to protect health, some have expressed concern that an unintended side effect might be economic losses, especially within the hospitality industry. In fact, according to the Report of the Surgeon General ,who is the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government, “The results of all credible peer- reviewed studies show that smoke-free policies and regulations do not have a negative impact on business revenues … and they are the most effective way to improve worker and business health”( Report of the Surgeon General). The number of smokers in America is truly a staggering number; according to an in-depth study by the Institute of Medicine, approximately...
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...Other Heart Disease………………………………………………………….. C. Effects in Respiratory System…………………………………………………….. 1. Asthma………………………………………………………………………... 2. Irritation of Respiratory Tract………………………………………………… D. Effects in Neurological System……………………………………………………. 1. Dementia………………………………………………………………………. E. Effects During Pregnancy…………………………………………………………. F. Effects to Children…………………………………………………………………. 1. Respiratory Health…………………………………………………………….. 2. Middle Ear Disease……………………………………………………………. 3. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)………………………………………… VI. PREVENTING THE DANGERS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………. A. Use of Electronic Cigarette……………………………………………………………….. B. Production of Smoking Cessation Aids………………………………………………….. C. Total Smoking...
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...Differential Effects of Cigarette Price on Youth Smoking Intensity 1Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago 2Health Research and Policy Centers, University of Illinois at Chicago 3Health Economics Program, National Bureau of Economic Research ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Support for this research was provided by grants from The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (ImpacTeen – A Policy Research Partnership to Reduce Youth Substance Use) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Price, Availability and Youth Tobacco Use) to the University of Illinois at Chicago. We thank Lloyd D. Johnston and Patrick J. O’Malley of the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research for providing us with selected data from the 1992, 1993 and 1994 Monitoring the Future Surveys. The Monitoring the Future Project is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse Abstract Objectives: Data from the 1992, 1993, and 1994 Monitoring the Future Surveys were used to investigate the differential effects of cigarette price on the intensity of youth cigarette smoking. Methods: Respondents are classified into nonsmokers; individuals who smoked less than one cigarette per day; individuals who smoked one to five cigarettes per day; individuals who smoked one-half pack a day; and individuals who smoked one pack or more a day. A Threshold of Change Model was estimated with information on cigarette prices as the main explanatory variables. Results: Dummy variables...
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...Ban Smoking in Public Buildings For several decades, smoking remains one of the most common and most unhealthy of human habits. Smoking, specifically in public, had generally been regarded as a personal choice that bystanders had little control over (Hsein-Ho 174). Now for the first time, the act of public smoking is becoming regulated, even restricted in many cities worldwide. Environmental activist Al Gore was quoted; “Secondhand smoke isn’t just unpleasant, it’s a risk to public health” (Smoak 130). The issue is that smoke directly affects everyone in the vicinity of a public place, restaurant or bar. Based on the evidence that a ban on smoking prevents secondhand smoke, it is important that an amendment banning smoking in public buildings is added immediately. The first and most pressing issue with smoking in public buildings is the major health risks involved with secondhand smoke. It is reported that over 50,000 Americans are killed annually by passive smoking (Garrison 44). Of that 50,000; 35,000 died from heart disease, 3,000 died from lung cancer, and the other 12,000 deaths are caused from other cancers. With this major death toll, it ranks second hand smoke as the third leading cause for premature deaths, it trails alcohol related deaths and smoking as the two leading causes (Smoak 129). Granted that not all secondhand smoke is consumed in public buildings, some people are exposed in their homes, over 2,000 people died in one year because of secondhand smoke and...
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...expands, so does time periods that people spend in different interior spaces. Indoor air quality is of particular interest, since it effects behavior, ventilation, and the health of people. There is major concern for health issues resulting from indoor air pollution, as well as from the atmosphere. Similar to the Volatile organic compounds used in polluting indoor air quality, uses of similar chemicals are causing atmospheric issues as well. Compounds originate from indoor sources; a point of origin of gases or other materials which appears constantly in a similar way, although formed by mixtures of indoor and outdoor pollutants, it is a combination of the VOCs emitted gases from certain solids or liquids, which include varieties of chemicals from indoor and outdoor sources. If looking at seasons as a means of ventilation, this influences amounts of chemicals released into the air and into the environments people live and work. Sources such as vehicle emissions, tobacco smoke, wooden furniture, flooring, wallpapers, and gluing emissions are just a few of pollutants contaminating the air. Everyday uses of products like paints, lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, and pesticides also have a harmful effect on the atmosphere. Current research shows ‘the ozone layer deteriorating due to the release of pollution containing chemicals like chlorine and bromine. Seasonal variations cause higher indoor levels of VOC’s to accumulate from abated ventilation in the winter compared...
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...Smoking in China Smoking in China is prevalent, as China is the world's largest consumer and producer of tobacco: there are 350 million Chinese smokers, and China produces 42% of the world's cigarettes. The China National Tobacco Corporation (中国国家烟草公司) is by sales the largest single manufacturer of tobacco products in the world and boasts a monopoly in Mainland China generating between 7 and 10% of government revenue. Within the Chinese guanxi system, tobacco is still a ubiquitous gift acceptable on any occasion, particularly outside of urban areas. Tobacco control legislation does exist, but public enforcement is rare to non-existent outside of the most highly internationalized cities, such as Shanghai and Beijing. Outside the mainland however, enforcement is strong in the Hong Kong special administrative region. Furthermore, outside of the largest cities in China, smoking is considered socially acceptable anywhere at any time, even if it is technically illegal. The Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (中国控制吸烟协会) is engaged in tobacco control by members of the voluntary sector, including academic, social and mass organizations, as strong enforcement of existing tobacco control laws is not supported by the Chinese Government. Yang Gonghuan, deputy director of the National Center of Disease Control of China, said that progress on tobacco control is not moving quickly because the government derives large tax revenues from tobacco sales, and the industry employs...
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...SETTING Introduction Teens smoke for many reasons and often for the same reasons as adults do: to cope with stress, to control their weight, as a social habit and to combat boredom. One of the biggest reasons teens start to smoke is peer influence: smoker’s friends do it. Studies show that this is especially true for girls. There's clear evidence that tobacco companies target children in their marketing. Some of the most effective are sports sponsorships - for example, boys are twice as likely to smoke if they follow car racing. Movies too: the more kids see their favorite movie stars smoking on the screen, the more likely they'll try it themselves. Some researchers think that tobacco advertising carries even more weight than peer influence. Teenagers usually smoke cigarettes because they are seeking the answer to try to be "cool" or try to be "adult". Sometimes, teens see their parents smoking and want to do it. This is a major problem because they want to be like their parents and sense they are adults, teens also want to feel like adults. A lot of adults and teens have depression and when they feel sad, smokers find cigarettes to "help" them go through their sadness. Not all people with depression smoke though. Take homeless people as an example. Smokers want to forget about their troubles and smoke weed or get drunk because homeless people think that getting high or drunk will make them happier. Sometimes, teens see their friends do it. Smoker’s friends are cool to them. Then...
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...that I selected since it is an important population health issue in today’s world. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014), more than 480,000 deaths are caused in the United States (US) by cigarette smoking which is about one in five deaths and smoking is the cause of about 90% of lung cancer deaths and about eight out of ten deaths due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is caused by smoking. The results of a survey to monitor youth risk behavior surveillance in the US in 2011 revealed that 18.1% high school students had smoked cigarette within 30 days...
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...Trevor Johnson Professor Culbert Composition I 8 April 2016 Research Paper: Indoor Tanning Bed For the past twenty years, it has become very apparent that indoor tanning beds damages skin. Based on scientific research tanning can also lead to blinding eye diseases and have many other negative effects. The prolonged use of indoor tanning facilities has resulted in serious chronic conditions for the users. “The indoor tanning business has been one of the fastest growing industries in the United States, with $5 billion in estimated annual revenue (Woo, Eide par. 3).” When driving through any community or city you will almost always see a sign or window, maybe even more than one, which says “Tanning” thus making it very accessible for many women or men of any age. The reason behind this growth? Around twenty to forty percent of white females 18 years old to 25 use indoor tanning facilities (Rabbitt p. 2). Many high schoolers have picked up on this wave of increase by tanning for things such as prom, summer and even just to fit in with the social norms. “One fifth of girls in grades 9 through 12 have bathed in ultraviolet rays from a tanning device within the past year…(Ban the Tan par. 2).” Reports show that many women say tanning is addicting because of the “desire to achieve an attractive look and trim, and for warmth, light, and relaxation (Woo, Eide p. 63).” Also ladies believe that tanning beds will you give you the vitamin C needed for the day, while tanning will...
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...TOBACCO USE IN POLAND 11/8/2012 HCM657-DL Introduction Smoking causes a long list of diseases, leading to premature death in half of all smokers. Tobacco is implicated in numerous cancers including bladder, kidney, larynx, mouth, pancreas, and stomach. Lung cancer is the most common disease caused by smoking. Smoking is also a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, including strokes, heart attacks, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Many additional costs are generated due to health issues caused by smoking. Poland is slow in bringing around tobacco control, but continued advancements and increased social awareness is changing the perspective of many smokers. According to the World Health Organization – Europe 2009 report, there are approximately nine million tobacco-smokers in Poland, representing 29% of the country’s adult population. Results of a national survey conducted in 2007 indicated that 34% of men and 23% of women smoked on a daily basis. Tobacco-smoking has been a persistent and serious social problem for many years. (1) Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the world today, killing as many as half the people who smoke tobacco. Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), conducted in Poland in 2009-2010, was a nationally representative household survey (2). This was conducted by men and women aged 15 and older regarding tobacco consumption. The reasoning behind the survey was to produce internationally comparable data on tobacco...
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...Lung cancer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about lung carcinomas. For other lung tumors, see Lung tumor. Lung cancer Classification and external resources LungCACXR.PNG A chest X-ray showing a tumor in the lung (marked by arrow) ICD-10 C33-C34 ICD-9 162 DiseasesDB 7616 MedlinePlus 007194 eMedicine med/1333 med/1336 emerg/335 radio/807 radio/405 radio/406 MeSH D002283 Lung cancer (also known as carcinoma of the lung) is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Most cancers that start in the lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas that derive from epithelial cells. The main primary types are small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), also called oat cell cancer, and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The most common symptoms are coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, and chest pains.[1] The most common cause is long-term exposure to tobacco smoke,[2] which causes 80–90% of lung cancers.[1] Nonsmokers account for 10–15% of lung cancer cases,[3] and these cases are often attributed to a combination of genetic factors,[4] and exposure to; radon gas,[4] asbestos,[5] and air pollution[4] including second-hand smoke.[6][7] Lung cancer may be seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. The diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy[8]...
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...Electronic Cigarette Stop Program Jennabelle Jo Andrews Alexander NUR/598 September 8, 2014 Linda Roan Abstract The Public health Department in Las Vegas Nevada has become concerned with the increasing popularity and use of electronic cigarettes. The consequence of e-cigarette use on the health of the public is uncertain. There is a lack of information, and regulation making it unknown if these products are safe. One of the main concerns is the potential influence on children, and whether or not the use of e-cigarettes will cause them to become addicted to nicotine. Nicotine is known to be addictive, therefore, no matter how safe it can be delivered, the use of addictive materials will cause the user to become accustom to their regular dose which will encourage increasing it. This objective of this project is to implement a school-based education program in elementary, middle, and high schools across Nevada over the next year. Introducing a program at the schools is an opportunity to stop the beginning of nicotine use, thereby eliminating the health concerns associated with it. The research shows that school based programs do have a positive effect on health issues. The CDC notes that most U.S. schools have put in place policies and programs concerning tobacco use ("Centers For Disease Control And Prevention", 2014). This is beneficial because many resources are available to make this program a success. This paper summarizes the steps that can be taken...
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...Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Ontario Tobacco Research Unit November 2012 Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Suggested Citation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit. Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report. Toronto: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Special Report, November 2012. Ontario Tobacco Research Unit ii Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Acknowledgements Many people were involved in the preparation of this report. Key authors are Robert Schwartz, Shawn O’Connor, Alexey Babayan, Maritt Kirst, and Jolene Dubray. Marilyn Pope, David Ip, Pamela Kaufman, and Marian Smith provided editorial comments on an earlier draft and Sonja Johnston provided production assistance. The interpretation and opinions expressed in this report are the responsibility of the Principal Investigators of the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit (OTRU): Susan Bondy, University of Toronto K. Stephen Brown, University of Waterloo Joanna Cohen, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Toronto Roberta Ferrence, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health John M. Garcia, University of Waterloo Paul McDonald, University of Waterloo Robert Schwartz, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Ontario Tobacco Research Unit iii Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Table of Contents Acknowledgements...
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...2011). Cigarette smoking in public places is a widely controversial topic. Many people are unaware of the actual history of smoking bans. People are also unaware who is affected by smoking regulation in public places, the effects on society, why it is important to solve the problem of cigarette smoking in public places in concern to regulation, and possible solutions that are out in the world to help solve this problem. The first known smoking ban occurred in 1590 and was given by Pope Urban VII during his short reign as pope. Anyone who was caught smoking or chewing tobacco near a church was excommunicated. It was not until the twentieth century that the health problems associated with tobacco use came to light in the public eye. This is the time when businesses provided smokers with their own separate locations, so they could smoke without exposing the rest of the customers to the dangers and annoyance of smoke (Reasons, pros, and cons, 2008). In the 1990s, California became the first state to issue a smoking ban, and this was in restaurants. Since that time, many cities have taken up the drive to ban cigarette smoking in public locations, particularly restaurants. In fact, recent estimates show that as many as thirty-four states have cities that have some sort of ban smoking laws (Reasons, pros, and cons, 2008). Over the past hundreds of years, smoking regulation has become a top priority for people to have a strong opinion on. Many have felt that smoking in public places...
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