...unsanitary water. People would often drink alcoholic drinks from morning till night and this cause people became drunk, lowering their performance in work. According to the historian Tom Standage, the first coffee houses started springing up in the late 1600's, people chose coffee as an alternative to alcoholic drinks since its helps them to keep alert and stimulated so their performance improved (eVenues, 2012). Referring to National Coffee Association USA 1911, with the coming of coffee to Venice in 1615, the local clergy condemned it. There was a great controversy that Pope Clement VIII was asked to intervene. He decided to taste the coffee for himself. He found the drink so satisfying that he gave it Papal approval. Despite such controversy, in the major cities of England, Austria, France, Germany and Holland, coffee houses were quickly becoming centers of social activity and communication. This brings a new age of hospitality industry in European history. Coffee houses as meeting places According to The Economist 2003, Coffee houses popularity began with the growing middle class workers that do their everyday job with plans, ideas, and creativity in offices rather than performing physical labor in the open, they found that coffee was very helpful to sharpen their mental faculties. Coffeehouses were places for...
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...Research Paper Comics & Politics In December of 1940 almost a year before the U.S. would enter into WWII, Captain America Comic #1 was released with the cover showing the super hero punching Hitler (Aiken, 41). This is only one of several different examples of politics being present in comics. No matter the political issue comics have not been afraid to express their views on politics. There is no denying that politics are present in comics, but the real question is, do politics belong in comics? Mainstream comics sole purpose is to make money, and companies will do write about anything if they think it will sell more comics. In this instance the comic book companies are using politics to gain interest and sell their product. Without the presence of politics in comics many story lines would not have been as strong, and many characters would not have been created. Atomic Warfare and the Regan administration both were heavily displayed in comics and both had a significant effect on comic books. When President Harry Truman ordered for the bombing of both Hiroshima and Nagasaki and revealed to the world the power behind atomic warfare, soon followed an onslaught of controversy whether this technology belonged in war. The world had never seen such power and soon the world began to debate this topic. Comic books soon began to publish stories, mainly involving superhero’s, with atomic related stories. As the years progressed and the U.S. entered into the Cold War with...
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...The Controversy of Payment to College Athletes Michael H. Rubin University of Maryland Baltimore County Abstract The benefits of allowing college athletes to accept regulated payments are examined through surveys’ and facts. Several possible techniques and systems that can help aid student-athletes’ through the rest of their college career and life are discussed. This topic addresses anyone who is involved or interested in college athletics and aims to end the exploitation of NCAA athletes. It will be proven that the majority of the student body, players and several coaches all agree in the payment of some form to student- athletes’. The University and the NCAA are worried about losing revenue and tainting the NCAA’s name. Throughout this study, many issues are addressed, involving the pros and cons of allowing student athletes to receive their share of the large amount of revenue received. Included are interviews from college level players and professional level players, as well as a survey of an unbiased group of college students. All of this research emphasizes that these athletes deserve to take a small share of this multi-billion dollar industry. Keywords: university, college, athlete, compensation, corruption, payment, student, NCAA, money, sports, salary The Controversy of Payment to College Athletes In several recent events, there has been a reoccurring trend in college athletics involving student athletes being paid money or given other incentives to...
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...2003 History Conference - Air War Europe First Solo: Air Strategy in Europe in the Second World War Alan Stephens When the First World War started in August 1914, air services belonged to armies and navies; to the extent that air doctrine existed it was concerned with reconnaissance and artillery observation in support of surface operations. But by the end of the war four years later, almost every role performed by air power during the most successful air campaign in history – the 1991 Gulf War – had emerged, albeit in a sometimes primitive form.[1] For armies, roles such as close air support, airlift, reconnaissance, communications, interdiction, artillery spotting, resupply, and rescue had made the aeroplane an indispensable contributor to continental strategy. Many of those same roles were repeated in support of maritime strategy, in addition to anti-submarine warfare, convoy escort, search and rescue, maritime strike, and minefield survey.[2] However, in the minds of airmen at least, other roles had assumed priority. Once pilots started shooting at each other to try to prevent reconnaissance, control of the air had become a prerequisite for all air activities. Consequently, specialist fighter aircraft quickly proliferated. When those aircraft then started to use their enhanced performance and offensive capabilities to increasing effect against surface targets, another compelling reason to gain control of the air existed. Few events during the First World War caused more...
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...3. Summarize the evidence for each main argument in the globalization debate. 4. Identify the types of companies that participate in international business. 5. Describe the global business environment and identify its four main elements. A LOOK AT THIS CHAPTER This chapter defines the scope of international business and introduces us to some of its most important topics. We begin by presenting globalization—describing its influence on markets and production and the forces behind its growth. Each main argument in the debate over globalization is also analyzed in detail. We then identify the key players in international business today. This chapter closes with a model that depicts international business as occurring within an integrated global business environment. A LOOK AHEAD Part 2, encompassing Chapters 2, 3, and 4, introduces us to different national business environments. Chapter 2 describes important cultural differences among nations. Chapter 3 examines different political and legal systems. And Chapter 4 presents the world’s various economic systems and issues surrounding economic development. 24 Emirates’ Global Impact DUBAI, United Arab Emirates—The Emirates Group, founded in 1985 and headquartered in Dubai, is one of the world’s leading commercial air transportation service providers. Emirates has built up a strong brand name as a leader in the aviation industry, particularly in terms of its excellent customer service and its very...
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...Nygaard: Professional Autonomy versus Corporate Control ISSN: 1893-1049 Volume 2, No 1 (2012), pp. 11-26 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-30971 Pål Nygaard Professional Autonomy versus Corporate Control Abstract: Professionalism and bureaucracy tend to be understood as incompatible systems of work organization, represented by the ideals of collegiality and autonomy versus control and supervision. I present a historical case study from early 20th century Norway examining the potential clash between efforts made toward professionalization and bureaucratization in industry. Based on my findings, I argue that there is neither an inherent conflict between professionalism and bureaucracy nor static national trajectories at the level of professional versus bureaucratic work organization. Keywords: professionalism; bureaucracy; engineers; engineering; history; transnational Pål Nygaard Centre for the Study of Professions, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Scineces Contact: Department of Innovation and Economic Organisation, Handelshøyskolen BI, 0442 Oslo, Norway Pal.Nygaard@ bi.no Page 11 For a long time, theories on professions brought forth the contention of an inherent conflict between professionalism and bureaucracy, contributing to a division between the sociology of professions and organizations. During the past decade, various scholars have contested both the argument of conflict and the fruitfulness of division (Bourgeault, Hirschkorn, & Sainsaulieu...
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...BCCA’S INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES Nesbit Road, MAZAGAON, MUMBAI – 10 V SEMESTER :______________________________________ NAME OF STUDENT : CLASS : T.Y.B.M.S DIV : 000 SUBJECT : 0000000000 TOPIC : RISE & FALL IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY NAME OF PROFESSOR : 000000000 ____________________________ _____________________________ SIGNATURE OF STUDENT SIGNATURE OF PROFFESSOR ________________________ _______________________ MAX. MARKS OBT. MARKS ABSTRACT OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO...
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... Introduction 2 Background 3 The Need for CSR at Home and Abroad 7 Case Study Analyses: Four Critical Events in the Oil Industry and their Effect on CSR Case Study #1: The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill 9 Case Study #2: Occidental and the Piper Alpha Disaster 12 Case Study #3: A Two-Part Analysis of Shell in the Mid-1990s a) Shell’s Human Rights Violations in Nigeria 16 b) Shell’s Response—Outsource CSR 21 Case Study #4: BP’s Major Advances in CSR 24 Ethics and the Problem of the Public Relations Quick Fix 27 Analyzing the Current Corporate Culture: Failure to Meet the Triple Bottom Line 32 Conclusion 38 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………...…………41 Introduction Over the past twenty years an irrefutable shift in the oil industry has occurred—the shift to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).[1] The purpose of this paper is to analyze the motivation behind this shift and determine if these CSR practices are genuine. In other words, does the adoption of CSR denote a tangible change in the way oil companies operate, or is it merely an elaborate public relations exercise? To answer this question, the paper analyzes the motivation behind the shift to CSR through a case study analysis of four major events in the oil industry and their ensuing effects (or lack thereof) regarding CSR. These events include the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, The Piper Alpha Disaster...
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...“CARTELS IN AVIATION INDUSTRY” (Report submitted on July 12, 2011) SUBMITTED TO: COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA BY: PREETI MECHAN Vth YEAR GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY Email: preeti.mechan@gmail.com 1 DISCLAIMER This project report/dissertation has been prepared by the author as an intern under the Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of India and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the Competition Commission of India in writing. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. Acknowledgement.........................................................................................4 Objective........................................................................................................5 Research Methodology.................................................................................5 Chapter I Introduction...................................................................................................6 V. Chapter II Aviation Industry in India............................................................................7 History of Aviation Industry in India.............
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...Q1. What are the different approaches to Globalization? Comment on relevance of Swadeshi movement in today’s Globalized environment. Ans. Globalization has become a ‘magic’ word used to express a change in all areas of life from economy to politics or from social politics to culture. Globalization is the growing role of external factors (economic, social and cultural) in the reproduction of all member of a country to form of a single world market(s) without barriers. 'A global shift'; that is, a world being molded, by economic and technological forces, into a shared economic and political arena. Major phase in international relations, which has been established several decades ago, but its formation was not completed by the beginning of the third millennium. However, the public attention it attracted only in 1990. Approaches towards Globalization The Indian companies are adopting the following approaches to globalization- The First Approach is the Reliance approach. Here the Indian company attains global parameters of production but its market focus is mainly domestic. E.g. Bajaj Auto, Hero Cycles, Maruti Udoy, BHEL, Mahindra & Mahindra. The Second Approach is the Sundaram Fasteners route where an Indian Company emerges as a global sub-contractor. The Chennai based Sundaram Fasteners is now a major supplier of radiator to GM. The Third Approach is the one personified by the Tata Tetley deal itself. Taking over foreign companies or investing in the foreign ventures....
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...DSC 340 Study Guide Mick McQuaid Spring 2014 Following is a study guide for DSC 340. It’s a living document to be updated by the instructor every week during the term based on readings, contributions from students, and updates in the rapidly changing world of business information systems. 1. PERSONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS Extensive research over the past twenty years, some of it by Tom Malone at MIT and Susan Dumais at Microsoft Research, has explored how people organize personal information. One example that helps people understand the problem of personal information is the knife analogy, described below. One important finding about personal information management has been that people are prone to do one or some combination of these two things: filing and piling. After reviewing the following topics, conclude the study of personal information systems by doing the share best practices exercise. 1.1 Knives In the Home Suppose you have just won a complete set of knives for your home. Where should you put them? You could have a single cabinet to store all knives, but it is more likely that you will distribute the knives to different rooms, placing them near where they will be used: steak knives in a buffet in the dining room, cooking knives in the kitchen, handyman knives in a garage workshop. When you need a particular knife, it will be in the context of a current task, such as preparing food, setting a table, or cutting a length of rope for a clothesline. In each...
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...TITLE PAGE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN NIGERIA’S TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR A CASE STUDY OF GLOBACOM NIGERIA LIMITED ENUGU ZONE BY EZEIGWE, GRACE CHINYERE BA/2007/163 A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINSTRATION, CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI- NIKE, ENUGU, ENUGU STATE. IN PARTTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc.) DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION. AUGUST, 2010. CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project written by Ezeigwe G. Chinyere With Reg/No.BA/2007/163, has been duly supervised, approved and found adequate in scope and content for the award of Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration, in the Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Caritas University, Amorji Nike, Enugu, Enugu State. ___________________ ____________________ Mr. Innocent Ubawike Prof. Godwin Nwanguma Project Supervisor Head of Department, Business Administration Department ________________ _______________________ Date Date DEDICATION I dedicate this project work to God Almighty for His infinite mercy all through my studies and also, for the wisdom and inspirations towards the successful completion of this work. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All thanks and Praise...
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...CAT Reading Comprehension CAT Study Materials Reading Comprehension Sample Questions Directions: Each reading passage in this section is followed by questions based on the content of the reading passage. Read the passage carefully and chose the best answer to each question. The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. 1. But man is not destined to vanish. He can be killed, but he cannot be destroyed, because his soul is deathless and his spirit is irrepressible. Therefore, though the situation seems dark in the context of the confrontation between the superpowers, the silver lining is provided by amazing phenomenon that the very nations which have spent incalculable resources and energy for the production of deadly weapons are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used. They threaten each other, intimidate each other and go to the brink, but before the total hour arrives they withdraw from the brink. 2. 1. The main point from the author's view is that A. Man's soul and spirit can not be destroyed by superpowers. B. Man's destiny is not fully clear or visible. C. Man's soul and spirit are immortal. D. Man's safety is assured by the delicate balance of power in E. terms of nuclear weapons. Human society will survive despite the serious threat of total annihilation. Ans : E 2. The phrase 'Go to the brink' in the passage means A. Retreating from extreme danger. B. Declare war on each other. C. Advancing...
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...irrelevance hypothesis of Miller and Modigliani (1961). No general consensus has yet emerged after several decades of investigation, and scholars can often disagree even about the same empirical evidence. This paper aims at providing the reader with a comprehensive understanding of dividends and dividend policy by reviewing the main theories and explanations of dividend policy including dividend irrelevance hypothesis of Miller and Modigliani, bird-in-the-hand, tax-preference, clientele effects, signalling, and agency costs hypotheses. The paper also attempts to present the main empirical studies on corporate dividend policy. However, due to the enduring nature and extensive range of the debate about dividend policy which has spawned a vast amount of literature that grows by the day, a full review of all debates is not feasible. The paper reaches at a conclusion that the famous statement of Fisher Black about dividend policy "the harder we look at the dividends picture, the more it seems like a puzzle, with pieces that just do not fit together" (Black, 1976, p. 5) is still valid. Keywords: Dividends, Dividend Policy, Dividend Policy Theories JEL...
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...CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA An Interpretive History TENTH EDITION James J. Rawls Instructor of History Diablo Valley College Walton Bean Late Professor of History University of California, Berkeley TM TM CALIFORNIA: AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY, TENTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2008, 2003, and 1998. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1234567890 QFR/QFR 10987654321 ISBN: 978-0-07-340696-1 MHID: 0-07-340696-1 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Publisher: Christopher Freitag Sponsoring Editor: Matthew Busbridge Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Nikki Weissman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Carole Lawson Cover Image: Albert Bierstadt, American (born...
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