...Abusive Relationships Abusive relationships can cause many physical disagreements that can be life threatening like physical and emotional violence, fear, and even self-condemnation. It can also cause mental emotional depression and physical problems including death. Abusive relationships influence millions of relationships each day and teenage girls are at higher risks. The significance of these relationships can cause life changing repercussion. Physical and Emotional Abuse Physical and Emotional violence can cause mental scars that can last even a lifetime. Sometimes emotional abuse can be onerous to recognize because it does not leave any visible scars. Threat, imtimidation, putdowns, and betrayal can cause lack of self-confidence and low...
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... | |Introduction |01 | |Model of consumer behavior |02 | |Physical influences within an individual |03 | |Motivation |04 | | Perception |05 | |Learning |06 | |Attitudes |06 | |Lifestyle |06 | |Social influences affect consumer behavior |07 | |Family |07 | |Social class ...
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...Communication and Language Arts Faculty of Arts University of Ibadan November 27, 2012 ABSTRACT This literature-driven study examined mass media effects. The work peered into the history of the ‘powerful media’. An in-depth review of relevant theories of mass media effects was analyzed. Findings pointed towards both positive and negative impacts of mass media. However, there was no empirical evidence to substantiate a direct cause and effect relationship of mass media messages with the actions of the consumer of the information. Consequently we can only assert that the mass media impacts on society but does not necessarily have an effect since other factors also influence people other than information consumed from the media. As such, this study asserts that the mass media influences public opinion but does not necessarily cause it. Key words: powerful media, mass media effects, theories of mass media effects, impact of media messages INTRODUCTION The mass media involve organisations that are responsible for the dissemination of information to a large number of people. Basically, the mass media are categorised into print and electronic media. The print media include magazine, newspapers and books while the electronic media are television, radio, internet, videos or films etc. The instruments of both the print and electronic media are being used by the mass media to create and promote multitude of ideas that positively affect the lives of people and...
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...that it isn't deceptive. A liar knows that he is a liar, but one who speaks mere portions of truth in order to deceive is a craftsman of destruction.” No matter what form of communication or means we employ our ability to understand the message, the process, and manufacture an accurate, clear, and mindful message are required. Rather than deceive and destroy, whether we encode or decode in mass communication, we have a responsibility to be true rather than deceive and build rather than destroy. This brings me to the three most important terms media literacy, the third-person effect, and technological determinism. Our proficient understanding of any form of media is important because it cultivates our interpretations and views. Media literacy encompasses many elements and skills without them we are not capable of responsible communications. Second, the third-person effect is very dangerous especially when we overestimate the effect of a media message on others and under estimate the effect on our self. If we do not recognize the influence of a certain media message, our vulnerability to it is increased. In order to be objective, we need to recognize the influence of media on us as individuals so we can overcome this influence and objectively comprehend or compose a communication. Lastly, technological determinism not only changes how we do business, but also develops our intellect and transforms our inherited beliefs. Technology breaks down barriers and allows us to obtain...
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...Social Influences on Behavior Discovering the causes and effects of human behavior is a problem that has perplexed researchers for many years. The first step into trying to figure out human behavior is to explain what human behavior is and what it means. Humans are what we are in the world; this translates to mean that behavior is how a person acts or reacts to different situations that may occur in their lives. According to the Webster dictionary, behavior is defined as “the manner of conducting oneself or the way a person behaves or shows his/her actions.” When we think of behavior in psychology we can think of time honored nature versus nurture debate. The fundamental question in this issue is to what degree inborn biological processes do or environmental events determine human behavior. When we think of certain situations in which human behavior is changed we can think of the workplace. The first school experience is a major shaping event in a person’s behavioral patterns. This is where we as children start to interact with other children, and a new set of rules have to be followed. As we get older and transition to the socially dynamic high school environment we realize that there are going to be social problems that can arise, and certain human behavior that can come with the change of how we now have to act as people and as students. There are certain groups that most of us belonged to in high school, and we may realize that some of the people that we were friends...
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...The aim of this essay is to consider the psychological factor of social influence could be contributing to the current situation of an 8 year old girl who is suffering with asthma, she lives with her Mum in the area of Springburn in Glasgow, and after a recent review has presented some issues that have raised concern. Conformity, compliance and adherence are all forms of social influence and these can occur when a person’s behaviour and emotions are being affected by other people, or groups of social classes. In some circumstances social influence can be direct in the shape of advertising and media, which are good examples of channels that can influence attitudes and behaviours. In other situations social influence can be very subtle and indirect, that is of family, partners, friends, classmates, celebrities and so on, and the fashion in which information is presented, can often determine the degree of compliance. Thus the term social influence can refer to the way in which other people’s conduct is influenced by the presence and action of others. When referring to a patient’s compliance the terms ‘adherence’ and ‘compliance’ are used interchangeably (Psychology for Nurses, 2009, p. 432). Compliance was commonly used during early stages of research, and it investigated whether a patient followed their medical regime. Hayes et al. (1979) defined compliance as, ‘The extent to which the patient’s behaviour (in terms of medication, following diets or other lifestyle changes)...
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...Social Influence Conformity 3 types of conformity - Kelman Compliance – privately disagreeing, but publicly going along with the group behaviour or attitudes. Identification – a temporary change in beliefs and behaviour while you remain a member of the group. Includes private and public change of belief. Internalisation – a permanent change in beliefs and behaviour. Conformity is more likely in ambiguous situations (where there is no obvious answer) Implicit norm – normal patterns of behaviour generally understood by all egg personal space, lining up for food/ toilets. Explicit norms – normal patterns of behaviour that are enforced by written guidelines or signs etc some become law. (No smoking signs, speed signs) Sherif – auto kenetic light effect 2 reasons why we conform. Duel Process model both process at the same time Asch 1951 Conformity in an unambiguous situation. Ao1 Describe Asch’s aims, findings, conclusions Ao2/3 Evaluate Asch’s experiment. Consider strengths/limitations of using a lab experiment. Consider S/L of Asch’s research in terms of culture, time-historical consider ethical issues. Aims To investigate if people gave in to conformity even when the answer is obvious, which is called unambiguous. To investigate normative social influence. Findings His findings showed that 32% of critical trials where a participant confirmed. 75% of the participants confirmed...
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...the mass media is seen to neutral and unbiased. Media is an agent of political socialization, which has created an impact on politics. Mass media has operated in a way that can affect politics in America. Today, significant factors contribute to the workers of mass media as their reports can face a high chance of influence to politician. Such influences include big corporations or the government, primarily to manipulate the mass audience for their own advantage. Mass media has a great influence on the public opinion as they can fluctuate what individuals should think, know and feel about politicians. The media supplies the general audience with information that voters can base their decisions on. From this, the media is able to manipulate the general public on extreme issues that interfere with the general publics’ rights, such as important issues regarding health or even political interferences. Although one may believe what they learn from the media may be a from an objective point of view, but in truth all information from the media has many external factors that can influence stories for a purpose. This paper will argue how the mass media has a direct influence on the general audience’s perspective and the opinions of the opinions of our political candidates. One area to notice is how certain issues in the media are given more attention in comparison where others are not. What is determined to be on the agenda of the media is a continuous competition from different issues...
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...2011 Assignment 2 Persuasion, Science of influence Kunal Nagar,W0782056 MSIS ,Santa Clara university , 3/10/2011 Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion Persuasion is a form of social influence. It is the process of guiding oneself or another toward the adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational and symbolic (though not always logical) means.1Persuasion is often referred to as an art and influencing others isn’ luck or magic –its science. t Persuasion and Influence is big part of any consumer behavior, this goes in line with self-actualization theory and projected self or a corporation. There are proven ways to help make you more successful as a marketer and an office politician. In a world where every e-mail, every request and every event we plan competes against other compelling demands, the skill of persuasion is essential ,The ability to persuade others is critical to success, whether you are selling cars or a new corporate strategy. Psychology and marketing Professor Robert Cialdini has examined the component parts of influence, in the lab and on the street. He has learned that persuasion is a science as well as an art. So why do you want to know it? To communicate with your customers so that they become your raving fans ,they like you ,they like to read your message ,they give positive response ,cialdini ‘ techniques are used to increase sales ,to have s more responsiveness for customers, in case you want to research for requirement ,to make customers...
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...Cindy Jackson Cindy Jackson holds the world record for most cosmetic procedures; she has been “nipped, tucked, and sliced open” over 50 times since her first procedure in 1988 (Rachel, 2012). A quote by The Times asserting, “No one knows more about cosmetic enhancement and anti-ageing than Cindy Jackson. She is living proof of her unique expertise” headlines her self-titled website. While Jackson’s website flaunts her many cosmetic successes, it also lists her as a member of Mensa, The High IQ Society since 1977. Additionally, visitors to the site learn that Jackson, who received her first Barbie Doll at the age of six, led a sheltered life and felt like a misfit. The Barbie Doll supported her fantasies of an alternative destiny until she became a teenager, at which time her interests turned to art and photography; her perception of visual presentation began. Social-self, Self-concept, Self-esteem, and Self-presentation The sense of identity, sense of self, is important to human psychology and sociology. It provides the sense of having free will and is the foundation of social control. The Myers text asserts that at the center of one’s world is his or her sense of self. It further states that, “the most important aspect of yourself is your self” (Myers, 2010). The beliefs by which one defines his or herself are self-schemas; the specific beliefs that define oneself. Moreover, one’s sense of self determines who he or she might become – the possible self...
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...considerable research, the model has gone through signiJicant developments. A more comprehensive model is presented here that reviews the following: various motivations of the influencing agent; an assessment of available power bases in terms of potential effectiveness, time perspective, personal preferences, values and norms; consideration of other strategies such as manipulation; utilization of various preparatory and stage-setting devices to strengthen olte’s power resources; implementation of the power strategies; assessment of effectiveness of influence attempt and its positive andl or negative aftereffects; use of various ameliorative devices; and review, reconsideration, and another round of influence strategies. The overall model is examined in terms of its applicability to various settings including hospital infection control, patient compliance with physicians’ recommendations, confrontations between political jgures, children’s influence on their peers, conflict resolution and negotiation, as well as supervisorlsubordinate relationships. More than 30 years have now elapsed since John R. P. French and I presented a typological analysis of the bases of power in interpersonal inThis article is based on a presentation made at the...
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...between the leader and the others, techniques used by the leader, etc). Allocated time for the exercise: 20 minutes. Type of exercise: 4-5 student groups 1920 Leadership is the ability to impress the will of the leader on those led and induce obedience, respect, loyalty, and cooperation. Leadership is a process in which the activities of many are organized to move in a specific direction by one. Leadership is the result of an ability to persuade or direct men, apart from the prestige or power that comes from office or external circumstance. Leadership is what leaders do in groups. The leader’s authority is spontaneously accorded him by his fellow group members. Leadership is acts by a person which influence other persons in a shared direction. Leadership is defined in terms of discretionary influence. Discretionary influence refers to those leader behaviors under control of the leader which he may vary from individual to individual. Regardless of the complexities involved in the study of leadership, its meaning is relatively simple. Leadership means to inspire others to undertake some form of purposeful action as determined by the leader. Leadership is an influence relationship between leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purposes. 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Ciulla Joanne B. (2004),”Ethics and Leadership Effectiveness”, The Nature of Leadership, Eds. J. Antonakis, A. T. Cianciolo, and R. J. Sternberg, Thousand Oaks:...
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...BUS381 Solutions Focused Leadership Laura Schade Dr. Marjorie Lott Argosy University – Inland Empire Analyzing Jim Jones as a Leader When analyzing what is determined as a good leader, one must think about what leadership really is. According to our text, “leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers, and the situation.” (Chapter 1) A leader is someone who is able to influence others to attain goals. “Leadership comes in all shapes and sizes whether religious or political or social…an essential element that all leaders share whether for good or evil goals is vision.” (Mosley, 2009) Jim Jones had a vision of making the world a better place. Or at least that was what he wanted people to believe. In Jim Jones and the Peoples Temple, an article by Jennifer Rosenberg, she says that Jim had one child and adopted several children of different ethnicities. He was proud of his “rainbow family” and tried to encourage others to adopt interracially. He was against segregation which was not a popular idea in his time. He started his own church in 1956, the Peoples Temple in Indianapolis, Indiana. Most churches were segregated at that time, but Jim Jones offered a utopian view of what society could become. He was a charismatic man who demanded loyalty and preached of sacrifice. His church established soup kitchens and homes for elderly and also helped people find jobs. In 1966, he moved the church to California because it seemed more open to an integrationist...
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...DuPont Leadership Influence DuPont problems relate to the organizations employee safety and the environment, Intersect Investments problems for the organizations relates to profit loss and customer dissatisfaction. The leadership of both originations has to find a solution to become more popular in the public eye. Leadership is defined as “a social influence process in which the leaders seek the voluntary participation of subordinates in an effect to reach organizational goals” (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2003, p. 595). DuPont’s leaders in the past have participated in the leadership roles of some unethical tactics regarding the safety of employees. DuPont in the past has had “a miserable environmental health and safety record, and in the past has frequently run afoul of occupational safety laws and has deliberately concealed medical records identifying that several workers were suffering from illness related to asbestos exposure” (Corporate Watch, 2002, p. 2.) Being fine thousands and thousands of dollars by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the company has implemented training programs for the leaders and managers to ensure the safety of employees. Unclear Goals and Miscommunication DuPont over the years have been fined for the pollution of the environment by the EPA and OSHA for chemical spills, lack of employee safety and pollution. DuPont has spent millions of dollars in campaign advertisements...
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...A NOTE ON CONSTRUCTING INFLUENCE DIAGRAMS Influence diagrams were devised as a way to graphically depicting the relationship between several elements that can affect the results of a decision. The diagram can be used as a basis for creating computer-based models that describe a system or as descriptions of mental models managers use to assess the impact of their actions, see Senge (4 ). For more information on influence diagrams see Bodily et al (1) ; Bossel(2); or Plane(3). This note explains some of the basics of influence diagrams and how to construct one. Elements of an Influence Diagram A model is a representation of a system. An influence diagram tries to capture this representation in a form that can be communicated to others. For example, managers could construct an influence diagram to explain their understanding of the system to other managers or to people developing the system on the computer. The elements of the influence diagram are (note: the appropriate color when using color graphics is shown under the symbol): Depicts an external influence (an exogenous variable) – these are variables whose values are not affected by the decision being made. For example, inflation rate is an external influence that can impact a company’s sales revenue. Depicts a decision – these are decisions made by the management. Price charged by a company for a unit of a product could be a decision variable. Depicts an...
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