...PARENTS’ SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. CHAPTER ONE Background to the Study It is an undebatable fact that the home is the fulcrum around which the early years of a child revolves. The central figures are the parents. While child-bearing and child-rearing cannot be divorced one from the other, the type of child-rearing practiced in a family has a tremendous impact on the entire life of the child including his or her academic life. Generally, the social climate or environment in which an individual finds him or her self to a large extent determines his or her behaviour and personality development. Consequently, parental guidance and discipline usually influence the behaviour of the children and at the apex of this parental influence is the mother. According to Olayinka and Omoegun (2001), the word "family" has its origin in the Latin word which could be translated to mean "domestic group". A domestic group is a group of people who habitually share a common dwelling and common food supply. According to Murdoch (1965) family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic, cooperation and reproduction; it includes adults of both sexes, at least two of who maintains a socially approved sexual relationship and one more children, own or adopted by the sexually cohabiting adult. The family provides for the physical maintenance of the child, offers him his first and most continuing social contracts, and gives him affection and other emotional...
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...ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF HOSPITALITY STUDENTS OF CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY- SILANG CAMPUS Mark Anthony S. Gato Janna Gold D. Lagura An undergraduate research proposal submitted to the Faculty of Cavite State University- Silang Campus in Partial fulfilment of the requirements for graduation for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management. To be prepared under the supervision of Mr. Rizalito B. Javier. INTRODUCTION Hospitality industry is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurant, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry (Bieber et al, 2011) The fact that some students with apparently high scholastics aptitude do very poorly in tertiary school while others with only mediocre ability do very well has presented a challenge to many educators. It has been observed that hard working students with high IQs sometimes do not perform as well as their classmates with lower IQs (Harvey, 2003) Academic performance is generally refers to how will a student can accomplishing his or her task or studies, but there quite a number of factors that determine the level and quality of students’ academic performance (Bell, 2008). According to Swagman (2011), she stated that the U.S education system stacks up against other countries on the PISA international...
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...Definition: Academic freedom freedom to teach or communicate ideas or facts without being targeted for repression, job loss, or imprisonment. - Freedom to teach and do research without the constraint to discover and promulgate new ideas. ( Robinson & Moulton, 2002) - Protection of the rights of the teacher in teaching and of the student to freedom in learning.(1940 Statement of Academic Freedom and Tenure) - The 1987 Philippine Constitution states that, "Academic Freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning Historical Event that suppressed Academic Freedom: • Socrates (470-399 BC) was put to death for corrupting the youth of Athens with his ideas • Galileo (1564-1642) was sentenced to life imprisonment for Advocating Copernican view of the Solar System • (1882-1890) – Teachers were fired for telling their students on Darwins view The principle of Academic Freedom which were originated in Greece, arose again in Europe during the Rennaisance Period in which the Age of Reason came to maturity. Origin of the Academic Freedom in the United States • Academic Freedom in the United States were heavily influence by the German universities and the growth of the non sectarian America universities. The rise of ideological conflicts, especially relating to economic theory. The faculty began to feel the need to protect the faculty against the trustees...
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...CHAPTER 1 The Problem and its Background Introduction The term curriculum refers to the programme of study in various academic subjects followed by students at various levels of education. The school or college’s teaching staff are employed to teach this curriculum, and students are periodically assessed in their progress in each curriculum subject. As they grow older, students’ achievements in their curriculum subjects are seen as important in helping them get into a good university or college, and to find a good job when they leave education. The academic curriculum has never been all that schools and colleges offer to their students. Often a range of other classes, clubs and activities is available to students, sometimes in lessons but more often in the lunch break or after school. These are referred to as the co-curriculum, or as extra-curricular activities, and they are mostly voluntary for students. Examples would include sports, musical activities, debate, Model United Nations, community service, religious study groups, charitable fundraising, Young Enterprise projects, military cadet activities, drama, science clubs, and hobbies such as gardening, crafts, cookery and dance. Because they are not examined in the same way that the academic curriculum is, and because most of them take place outside lessons, such activities have less status in education than the main curriculum. However, they are often held to be very important to the wider education of young men and...
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...both the psychoanalytic approach and behaviorism in that it does not view humans as being controlled by either event in the environment or by internal, irrational, and unconscious forces. Humanist psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Carl Rogers (1902-1987), de-emphasize the influence of both stimulus-response events and unconscious processes in determining human behavior. Instead, they emphasize the role of free chance and our ability to make conscious rational choices about how we live our lives. Humanists also believe that people have a natural inclination to strive to fulfill their potential, a process called self-actualization. Although many of humanism’s major tenets are just as difficult to rest objectively as are the concepts of psychoanalysis, many psychologists respond favorably to this movement’s optimism. Humanism has increased psychologists’ awareness of the importance of such things as love, feeling needed, personal fulfillment and self-esteem. Behavior Brady, et. al. (1963) said that behavior about past performances is verbal responses which are based on past behavior. The discriminative stimulus is an item of the individual’s past performance, and verbal response is reinforced if it is of the same form as a response which would have been emitted by a direct observer of the behavior in question. The community encourages this behavior...
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...This school is home of the topnotchers in different fields of medical science. In that note, the growing population of new students, Filipino and even foreign students is observable. Entering into a new university is a big challenge for every freshmen student because they need to adapt to the new setting. For many young people, the transition to college is relatively smooth and they learn to handle their new lives well. But for some, however, the need to manage new schedules, new friendships, new responsibilities and intense study can be overwhelming. Adjustment with university life is considered one of the main indicators of success in university life as it is an indicator for the student’s ability to face the problems resulting from fulfilling his academic, social and emotional needs. Through achieving adjustment with university life the students will be able to form a kind of good relationships with others in the university leading him to enhance his academic achievement. Moreover, adjustment with university life can be a strong indicator of the academic level of the students from one hand and the level of social relations development and achieving personal goals from the other hand. We can note that many educational scholars studied this aspect in order to explore the status of the academic, social and psychological level of undergraduate students then determining the problems facing them when trying to achieve their goals. The stage of university life is an important...
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...Introduction 1.1 Problem definition Any discussion of higher Education in different countries needs to be conducted within the context of the overall perception of a country’s culture, society, history, salary and intellect. These influences are the foundation of the education in a country. Due to these different influences every country has a different understanding of education. I will also concentrate on the influence of culture on education in China and in the United States (U.S.) with special emphasis on Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, because culture and history can lead the way in understanding the differences among student’s higher education. 1.2 Objectives The paper investigates the differences between the education in China and the U.S. against the background of dramatical differences in culture and history. First the country-specific Cultural Dimensions by Hofstede need to be elaborated to reveal a basic approach for the understanding of a nation’s culture. Based on Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and the history the effect on education and instructional strategies in China and the U.S. will be discussed. 1.3 Course of the Investigation To achieve the objectives the course of the investigation will be carried out in three steps. In the first step the conceptual background on the topic will be defined to provide a basis. Chapter 2 describes the theory and the five Dimensions of Hofstede’s Culture’s Consequences. In the second step the explanations focus...
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...CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter discusses the related concepts and finding from various literature and studies from books, journals, and online resources to support the necessity of the causes and effects of study habits on children. What is Development? Many people use the terms “growth” and “development” interchangeably. In reality they are different, though they are inseparable; neither takes place alone. Growth refers to quantitative changes – increases in size and structure. Not only does the child grows larger physically, but the size and structure of the internal organs and the brain increase. As a result of the growth of the brain, the child has a greater capacity for learning, for remembering, and for reasoning. He grows mentally as well as physically. Development, by contrast, refers to qualitative changes. It may be defined as a progressive series of orderly, coherent changes. “Progressive “signifies that the changes are directional, that they lead forward rather than backward. “Orderly” and “coherent” suggest that there is a definite relationship between the given stage and the stages which precede or follow it. As Anderson has emphasized, “Nor is development merely a matter of adding inches to stature, or ability to ability; instead, it is a complex process of integrating many structures and functions”. Because of this integration, each change is dependent upon what preceded it, and it, in turn, affects what will come after. (Elizabeth Murlock...
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...CONTRIBUTING FACTORS IN THE CRIMINOLOGY STUDENT OF NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THEIR SCHOOL PERFORMANCE” THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION What is peer pressure? How does peer pressure affect on the school performance of the criminology student? There are such several factors that affect in their school performance. There are some programs on how to control and manage peer pressure. People grow older; people may be faced with some challenge decision. Some don’t have a clear right or wrong answer. Other decisions involve serious moral questions. Making decisions on own is hard enough, but when other people get involved and try to make pressure the people one way or another it can be even harder. People who are teenagers and adolescence, like classmates, are called peers. When they try to influence how the act, to get to do something, it’s called peer pressure. It’s something everyone has to deal with, even adults. Maybe others want to do it, and just don’t have to courage to do it and friends talk them into it. Peer pressure can be broken down into two areas, good peer pressure and bad peer pressure. Peer pressure was always thinking of it in bad terms. In terms of pressuring others into, smoking, do illegal drugs, drink alcohol, have promiscuous sex, engage in criminal and quasi-criminal, behavior, do violence, join gangs, and so on. Thinking of the many good ways that peer pressure can influence and neither do the parents of teens...
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...PEER INFLUENCE IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOCIALIZATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW by Nicole Marie Howard A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in School Psychology Approved Two Semester Credits _____________________________ Investigation Advisor The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT _________Howard__________Nicole_______M._________________________ (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) Peer Influence In Relation To Academic Performance and Socialization Among__ (Title) Adolescents: A Literature Review______________________________________ School Psychology (Graduate Major) Dr. Helen Swanson (Research Advisor) May/2004_____ 30__________ (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition___ (Name of Style Manual Used in This Study) Adolescents have always been exposed to peer influence, but the kinds of peer influence that they encounter have changed tremendously in the past years. Peers can influence everything from what an adolescent chooses to wear to whether or not an adolescent engages in drug related or other delinquent behavior. This is an important topic because if society and education related professionals understand the issues surrounding negative peer influence, they are more likely...
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...tasks and activities increase effort and provide individuals the encouragement to excel and develop. David McClelland’s achievement motivation theory has proven that this form of motivation is indeed key to determining the influence on academic performance, as well as being an important psychological indicator for one’s success and failure in life. Achievement Motivation How each of us develop the will and desire to succeed in certain tasks and activities, or how we concern ourselves with the possibility of failure are both issues surrounding practical and theoretical significance. Motivation is generally defined as the driving force behind all of our actions. It refers to the dynamics of our behavior, while influencing our needs and desires. There are different types of motivation that range from intrinsic, extrinsic, psychological, and achievement motivation. Achievement motivation is one’s need to succeed while attaining their ambitions and aspirations in life. This type of physiological motivation drives and affects our natural behavior while satisfying our need for internal and external success. Ones motivation to succeed is very imperative, it affects our lives on a daily basis and influences our actions, behaviors, thoughts, and beliefs while pushing us toward success. An internal process, motivation is what causes a person...
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...ignorance but it is always the educational system that takes the biggest share of the blame. According to Ibon facts and figures (2009), the literacy rate in the Philippines has regressed a lot over the last ten years. This is attributed to the declining quality, relevance and accessibility of education, the very basic rights of the Filipino youth. Many problems are mentioned except the problem regarding the attitudes of the students toward their academic performance. There is a usual observation and protest of the secondary school teachers regarding the products of the elementary level of education or the foundation of their learning. They said that the pupils do not know how to study on their own initiative. Some cannot work out their assignments; others cannot take part actively in the class recitation, and others do not know the art of note taking. There have been many instances which showed that majority of the students display inability to discriminate between relevant and irrelevant information they got from their references. Quite a number of students simply pick up the words from the pages of the books or printed materials while comprehending the meaning of it. These and many others are results of poor method of study habits. Thus, developing the youth requires early training in the schools. According to Covey (1989), “To focus on technique is like cramming your way through school. You sometimes get by, perhaps even get good grades, but if you don’t pay the price day...
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...Impact of Societal Social Institutions on People These embody all the ideas and beliefs of members of the society about how they think their lives should be organized. Dominant ideas and beliefs are those usually of the ruling class or the rich and powerful and tend to be the ones people find legitimate. Minority and weaker beliefs are also apart of the social institution but are not felt to be legitimate by the majority of the society and so may be suppressed and alienated. These ideas are normally in competition with one another for supremacy. So how can ideas be the building block of an entire society. Each institution becomes tangible through social organizations. So religious beliefs of the Christian are made tangible through the church. The ideas and beliefs forming the institution become concrete in the society through social organisations which reflect how these ideas are held. In each institution there are values (ideas on how something should be ranked in society), norms (yardsticks and standards that have evolved on how we should act), statuses (assigned positions or locations), and roles (expectations of behaviour). They are then the fundamental building blocks of society and vary over time and are based on the ideals which the people of the society have on accomplishing the tasks of living together collectively The Family Nancie Solien defines the family as "group of people bound by that complex set of relationships known as kinship ties“. It is the basic unit within...
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...becoming more and more competitive. Quality of students academic performance has become the key factor for personal progress. It is the desire of all Parents that their children climb the ladder of academic performance as high level as possible. This desire for high level of performance among secondary school students puts a lot of pressure on students, teachers, psychologist and in general, the educational system itself. In fact, it appeals as if the whole educational system revolves round the academic performance of students. Thus a lot of time and effort has been made by Educationist and psychologist to find various strategies to unraveling the complex determinant of academic performance, such as intelligence, study habit and other personality variables like self concept, anxiety and motivation. Me Comb etal (1990) suggested that students learning achievement depends on their attitude, motivation performance for success and study habit or skills that people employ to pursue the desire outcome. Bakare (1975) opines that intelligence accounts for little variance in academic performance. Therefore, more emphases had shifted from intellectual factors to non – intellectual factors such as some personality variables like self concept and study habit. Meanwhile, self concept, which mean the way an individual perceives his or herself, has now been recognized to play a vital role in students academic performance more so, students study habit has been regarded as one of the cardinal...
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...have no worth without students. Wenger (1999) stated that academic differences are the social changes that students encounter at higher education institutions. The author further mentioned that students live on their own for the first time, away from friends, family or other familiar support networks, it is during this time that as students a result, when students begin tertiary study, they they enter not just one but oftenon several new, and potentially contrasting communities within the higher education institutions. Students are the most essential assets for any educational institute (Mushtag & Khan, 2012). They enrol at a higher education institution with the objective of obtaining registered qualifications and successfully complete this qualification. Academic success is the objective at which all hHigher education institutions need to address should address (Samaniego-sanchez, Gonzales, Aparicio, Nebot, Aranda, Lopez-jurado and Llopis, 2011). Every Higher education institution envisage to should deliver good educationquality education for every student who enrols with the institution in order to in both under-graduates and post-graduates qualification to meet academic success. Bourne (2005) stated that mentioned that Hhigher education institutions offer educational systems with a variety of qualifications that students believe have provided students them with the training, skills and competencies e for a particular occupations. Students are expected to master...
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