...The Mongolian empire was the largest empire in history. In the thirteenth century, Chinggis Khan melded the multiple Mongol tribes together, forming a powerful alliance. There are many factors that led to the expansion of the Mongolian territory. This paper will discuss the socio-economic and military organization of the Mongols and the factors that caused their acquisition of more land. Chinggis Khan experiences caused him to break up the existing Mongol tribes’ organization. Males that were old enough to fight were forced to join the new military. Instead of choosing political and high military officers based on family relations or their status in their tribes, Chinggis Khan appointed men “because of their talents or their loyalty to him”...
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...Robert L. Worden and Andrea Matles Savada from the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, lists techniques used to capture land (Doc 14). All of these methods of fighting in addition to mustering led to the the Mongol’s ability to conquer the colossus amount of land. The Mongol Empire had a very overpowering military, and as a result the Mongols grew in population and landmass. Since the Mongols were nomads for a long time, trade became a crucial necessity to survive, so when it became the Mongol Empire, trade was the main way people obtained resources. Trade was a main cause of the wealth of the Mongol Empire. As specified by historian Charles J. Halperin from the Indiana University, the Mongols “achieved what all Inner Asian steppe empires had dreamed of, control of the continental caravan routes from China to Persia” (Doc 6). The Mongols controlled the caravan trade which gave them easy access to resources for the people, and Mongolian merchants could sell their goods to benefit the wealth of themselves and the empire. Traders in the Mongol Empire were valued for bringing wealth to the society. According to a document from the website The Mongols in World History, Asia for Educators, “In Persia the Mongols granted higher tax breaks and benefits to traders in an effort to promote commerce” (Doc 13). Unlike other dynasties in China, traders and merchants were rewarded instead of demeaned for their work. Although they did not have to work very hard, the work...
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... The Mongol Empire arose in Mongolia changing the map of the world through ruthless warfare and countless battles. With their military power and extremely efficient battle strategy the Mongols became a force to recon with putting fear into hearts with the mention of their name. Spreading all across Asia and Europe conquering empires one by one the Mongol grew into one of the larges civilizations know to be in that time. Though like all civilizations they eventually fall due to political infractions, corruptness and individuals who have different interest and objections. Very few Empires have risen and grown to such a magnitude as the Mongol Empire. Roaming the flat lands of Mongolia a tribe transformed themselves by conquering the neighboring nomads forcing them to pay tributes once dominated. Genghis took the reins and morphed his Empire into one of the greatest that ever existed. Creating Military infrastructure and integrating every one of his people into the army Genghis was able to create an unstoppable military force. Dividing his population into units led to better structure and organization as a whole, which went against past ideas of how a military should be configured. With the most advanced government and military Genghis led his military in countless campaigns across Eurasia. Unfortunately like all humans we eventually pass leaving our accomplishment with our successors. As seen in previous Empires once one passes leaving a large amount of territory and wealth everyone...
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...In this section (weeks 5-8) we have traced the evolution of military institutions and technologies in the Non-Western world (primarily East Asia) and how they pertained to broader social and political developments. Can you discern any particular patterns in how various states responded to particular types of military challenges? Choose a particular place and time (for example, Tang dynasty China) and discuss the relationship between social and institutional developments and the use of specific military tactics and technologies. Nathan Wells While it has long been realized that military challenges were key to the development of Western society; the Non-Western world by comparison has often received short shrift in relation to this subject. This is best illustrated by Kenneth Chase, who begins his work Firearms: A Global History to 1700 with this query: “Why was it the Europeans who perfected firearms when it was the Chinese who invented them?” (1) The underlying message of the statement therefore is that while the region (East Asia) might produce the occasional interesting moment for military history, the real determinants for military theory were occurring elsewhere. Chase’s complete thesis is a bit more pragmatic; hinging on the observation that constant emphasis on steppe warfare led East Asian powers to neglect the increasingly important gunpowder revolution. This seems a bit heavy-handed, however and fails to address the fact that firearms and the gunpowder revolution...
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...YAQI NING Professor Sikorski International Writing Workshop The Letter Dear Jenny: It has been nearly a month since last time we met. How’s college life for you so far? Recently, I’ve encountered a maze. It was already late night. My room was so quiet after my roommates went to sleep. I, wide-wake, turned on my table lamp and opened the Allsen’s book “Mongol Cuisine”. The first page was about the office of ba’urchi, which translated as “cook” in the Mongolian. Staring at the strange letters that consisted the exotic, weird word-ba’urchi, I envisaged a bustle image of the cooks, wearing gowns that cut out from wolf skins, prepare food with horseflesh, mutton and cheese. I was also amazed by how they respect food, in distinctive and extreme ways, nothing like other cultures. The mutton is preserved by drying, freezing, jerking, and smoking. When they kill an animal by making an incision in the chest, they “squeezing the heart” and thereby “retaining the blood in the carcass for later use”. I definitely saw myself there also, standing right next to yurts on the grassland, watched local people making fire and rounding up the sheep or cattle, preserving food in a persistent and faithful way. But, I, strived to put myself inside the picture to understand why, still failed to get close. Eye ache, cervical bitter, I closed the book filled with disappointment and pushed it away. Lay inside the blanket with the mild moonlight through the window and curtain, I, felt so unsure...
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...C A S E 28 Inner-City Paint Inner-City Paint Corporation is a small company; it is located on the fringe of Chicago. Inner-City’s contain chief product is flat white wall paint sold in 5-gallon plastic cans. It also produces colors on request in 55-gallon containers. Sales have grown from approximately $60,000 to $1,784,080 with a profit of $17,610. Inner-City Paint Corporation employs 35 workers, of whom 25 are part-time employees. Inner city paints experience many strong deep issues include the strategic management to financial control. The company pays their payment quickly while it gives sales in terms of 30 or 60 days which fluctuate the financial situation. The company gets inability to pay the bills and important to keep the production smooth which leads the customer to think before bargaining and losing their confidence. The paint contractors prefer to go to big corporation to do their order because they are not sure will they get their order on time. This view is spreading among his customers. Walsh realizes that he and the company need assistance. He is considering hiring a consultant for a day and purchasing a computer. He also intends to approach a bank for a loan. • Top management The President and majority stockholder is Stanley Walsh. He began his career as a house painter and advanced to become a painter for a large decorating company. Walsh painted mostly walls in large commercial buildings and hospitals and manages the company the same way he did when...
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...“high quality at competitive prices,” win the favor of many consumers. For most salaried consumers, they are in the choice of ice cream in addition to the delicious taste, the price is more important determinants. At this point, Yili is carters to needs of most people, they want to be able to take advantage of price on the same product, and in the same price to quality to win. Yili is able to quickly open the market in Beijing, is due to "low price, high quality," the avoidance strong positioning strategy. While been able to implement this low-cost location, also due the company did not take advantage of the many advantages of other companies: Energy, coal in Beijing is about 150-160 yuan per ton, while the Inner Mongolia region is only 70-80 yuan; Electricity, staff wages, Inner Mongolia is also much cheaper than Beijing. In...
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...A properly functioning ear includes a cochlear vestibular system. The oval window allows sound waves into the inner ear scala vestibular through the stapes footplate. The round window involved in the release of the sounds and mechanical energy from the scala tympani. Formation of a third opening or third window between the superior semicircular canal and the middle cranial fossa results in Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SSCD). SSCD was discovered by Minor Et Al in 1998. SSCD can lead to vertigo and hearing loss. Vertigo is dehiscence in the semicircular canal. Hydro acoustic waves flow through the cochlea and inadvertently transmitted throughout the labyrinth system. Vertigo transmit a message to the brain of whirling, loss...
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...Our ability to hear is dependent upon an intricate system that involves all of the different parts of our ear working together to convert sound waves of the atmosphere into signals that the brain can interpret as sounds. The ear consists of three main parts: the outer ear (the pinna and the ear canal), the middle ear (the ear drum and three small bones referred to as the ossicles), and the inner ear (the cochlea and the auditory nerve). Sounds from the environment are collected by the pinna of the outer ear and are funneled down the external ear canal toward the ear drum. The sounds traveling down the ear canal impede on the ear drum and set it into vibration. The vibration of the ear drum in turn causes the bones of the middle ear, the ossicles,...
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...During the 13th century a small tribe known as the “barbarians” swept across Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe. They were known to be the negative and evil people throughout their civilizations. These people had little thoughts about farming due to them being nomadic and had always eaten meat. They were also known to be very destructive in their path. First off, Genghis Khan’s had violent ideas as one of them being, slaughtering the streets of Chinese capital with human flesh everywhere. A little history about Genghis Khan is that he never had the easiest childhood. He spent most of his teenage years fighting clan rivals since his father was poisoned by a rival. Genghis had won the leadership in 1206 while aspirations began to grow...
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...The Mongols have affected the world in positive ways and negative ways. They started out as many nomadic tribes uniting into a civilized empire. They were justified to be civilized by the people they affected. The Mongols gained social, cultural, and moral development from Chinggis Khan, Kublai Khan, Marco Polo, mongol generals, mongolian women, chinese peasants, merchants, and Buddhist monks. Under the leader of Chinggis Khan, the mongols became as one to a disciplined military state through the the making of laws. Their military was highly developed with loyalty, discipline, horses and weapons to conquer and expand their land. The military was divided into units of groups of soldier who each maintained an amount of horses. The units’ generals would follow the command of their leader Chinggis Khan to kill anyone that resist their mongol rule. This technique is barbaric, but it shows who their opponents and enemies are. One battle tactic the mongol generals used was feigning defeat. They would send out a set of cavalry men to fight, who would later back out making the enemy think that they were at their lowest point, and then the mongols would bring out their main cavalry men to kill off the rest of their enemies’ army. Chinggis Khan also proved mongols were civilized as he permitted other religions in his empire. His tolerance of religions brought attention to the Buddhist monks. In the Buddhist monks’ point of view, mongols respected and embraced their religion equally amoung...
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...In 1207, a Tangut kingdom-Xi Xia-was marauded and soon subjugated; the ruler paying tribute and declaring himself vassal to a strange, new nomadic leader. The victorious army, the Mongols, were led by a cunning, vicious leader known as Chingghis Khan. Mongol war campaigns soon included, and trounced, the Jin Empire; subsequently, the Islamic world was taken by storm. As a small army, the Mongols never had the upper hand in battle due to size; instead, the Mongol warriors were masters of their armaments. Mongol weapons were some of the most advanced, efficient and espoused weapons, helping establish an empire whose name still resonates through time. Historians once argued that Mongol military ascendancy was a result of size and European inferiority;...
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...Vestibular System The vestibular system is very integral part of balance, being able to see while moving, and determining direction and speed of movement (Cullen 2008). The vestibular system is located in both inner ears and consists of utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals. . The vestibule is the fluid-filled, membranous channel that contains the utricle saccule and semicircular canals that are responsible for balance. The vestibule is encased in the temporal bone of the skull. Utricle The utricle and saccule detect gravity and linear movement. The utricles contain mechanoreceptors. The mechanoreceptors transduce air pressure waves into nerve signals to the brain. If the air pressure is changed the utricle sends impulses to the brain noting the change in air pressure (Cullen 2008). Saccule The saccule detects head movements and sends neural impulses to the brain. The saccule is specialized in linear movements. When the saccule is disturbed then it releases neurons to the brain. These neurons travel down the eighth cranial nerve to the vestibular nuclei encased in the brain stem (Cullen 2008). Semicircular Canals There are three semicircular canals: horizontal semicircular canal, the superior semicircular canal, and the posterior semicircular canal. These canals are creating sensory input for rotary movements. These tubes are lined with cilia and filled with fluid called endolymph. Movements in the cilia are transmitted to the brain. This is how the brain...
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...earth is made up of several layers. Read the passage to learn more about them. Then answer questions 1 through 7. The Layers of the Earth by Doug Taylor If you were able to cut the earth in half you would see that it is not the same all the way through. The inside of the earth is made of several layers. Some of the layers are solid and some are liquid. Most of these layers are very hot. The center of the earth is called the inner core. Scientists think this part of the core is solid. It is probably made of metals like nickel and iron. The inner core is very hot. This deep inside the earth there is a lot of pressure. The pressure keeps the metals solid even though they are very hot. Scientists think the temperature in the core is about 7,200 degrees! Just past the inner core is the outer core. It is probably also made of metals. The metals of the outer core are melted into liquid. This layer is almost as hot as the inner core. The metals are able to melt in this layer because there is not as much pressure. The inner core and outer core together are about 3,400 kilometers thick! The next layer is called the mantle. The mantle is made of melted rocks called magma. The magma is a thick liquid. It flows like putty in most places. When magma erupts to the surface of the earth, it is called lava. The mantle is very thick and very hot. Scientists think the temperature of the mantle is about 5,400 degrees. The mantle is about 2,800 kilometers thick...
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...After a series of strange events around the world connected by variances in the Earth's electromagnetic field, scientists, led by Dr. Josh Keyes (Aaron Eckhart), a geology professor, and Conrad Zimsky (Stanley Tucci) and egotistical researcher, discover that the Earth's rotating molten core is slowly coming to a stop; without its movement, the electromagnetic field around the earth will disappear, exposing the surface to unfiltered solar radiation and will incinerate anything or anyone exposed to it. Keyes and Zimsky are charged to find a way to restart the core, which requires traveling deep into the Earth and setting off nuclear charges to induce rotational force. Keyes and Zimsky seek the help of Dr. Serge Leveque (Tchéky Karyo), a weapons expert, and Ed "Braz" Brazzelton (Delroy Lindo). Brazzelton reveals a means of not only drilling through the Earth at high speeds using a series of lasers, but also has devised a material, "unobtainium", which is capable of withstanding the pressures deep inside the planet as well as generating energy from them. Keyes himself works to create a means to visualize their path through rock structures via x-rays. To avoid creating a worldwide panic, an expert hacker, Theodore "Rat" Donald Finch (DJ Qualls), is found by an FBI agent (John Shaw) and is brought to monitor the Internet and erase any rumors to the potential fate of the planet. However, there is a hint that the Army is hiding the real reason of the impending catastrophe. The team...
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