...Part 1: Product Idea What is your product, and why do you feel the product you have selected is innovative within its industry? How was the product introduced to the market, and which approach was used—entrepreneurship or intrapreneurship? Give a brief description of some advantages, disadvantages, or challenges resulting from using the particular approach? Part 2: Business Model Then, create a scenario that illustrates what might have happened had the following occurred: The intrapreneurial product been brought to market through entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial product been brought to market through intrapreneurial means. Explain the different risks, skill sets, organizational assets, funding, and keys to success that would have been necessary to accomplish this different approach. Abstract According to dictionary.com, innovation is the introduction of something new or different or the introduction of new things or methods. But innovation can have a different meaning to different people. For people in the business world innovation can mean turning ideas into money, creating a value for users, opportunities that can create jobs, or an improvement of something that already exists. We have to remember that without innovation companies can die. The Little Blue Pill Introduction There are times when people and organizations think about creating innovative products purposely. There are also times when people and organizations try to create a product but end...
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...EFFECTS OF INTRAPRENEURIAL PRACTICES ON COMPETITIVENESS OF MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES IN NAKURU MUNICIPALITY OLILO NICODEMUS AMBOYE A Research Project submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfilment for the Requirements for the award of Master’s Degree in Business Administration of Egerton University EGERTON UNIVERSITY OCTOBER 2012 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION This research project is my original work and has not been presented to this or any other Institution of higher learning. ______________________ ________________ Olilo Nicodemus Amboye Date CM11/0305/07 RECOMMENDATION This research project has been submitted for examination with our approval as Egerton University supervisors. Supervisors Date 1. Dr. Mshenga Patience. Department of Business Administration. Egerton University. 2. Dr. Maina Waiganjo. Department of Business Administration. Egerton University. COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the author or Egerton University. Nicodemus Amboye Olilo © 2012 DEDICATION To my wife Leah Wanjiku and sons Wayne...
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...INTRODUCTION – ‘Intrapreneurism is a form of management which, potentially, offers the venture a way of combining the flexibility and responsiveness of the entrepreneurial with the market power and reduced risk of the established organisation’ Gifford Pinchot, in the mid-80s, created the word “intrapreneur” which described employees of large businesses who were hired to behave and think like entrepreneurs. Pinchot defined intrapreneurship as “behaving like an entrepreneur when you’re employed at a large corporation for the benefit of the corporation as a whole” and believed that being appointed as an intrapreneur before giving a shot at entrepreneurship is a great method developing management skills and techniques before stepping into the entrepreneurial world. Apart from just a set of skills and great techniques there are also personality and character qualities that make up a successful intrapreneur or entrepreneur. “The most successful are risk takers who are driven by a vision of something that is better in the world,” Pinchot says. “They are honest and use a balance of intuition and analysis to make their decisions.” Other scholars have defined intrapreneurship in many different of ways. Expressions such as corporate entrepreneurship (Burgelman, 1983, Vesper, 1984; Guth and Ginsberg, 1990; Hornsby et al., 1993, Stopford and Baden-Fuller, 1994), corporate venturing (MacMillan, 1986; Vesper, 1990), and internal corporate entrepreneurship (Schollhammer, 1981, 1982; Jones...
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...American InterContinental University MGMT422-1301A-01: Professor William Becker March 6, 2013 Abstract This essay will discuss a proposal made for Triangle Solutions. We will be proposing to create plastic strips for fully-automatic processing machines. Triangle Solutions Plastic Stripping Part I: Proposal The new product is a special plastic strap that will be exhausted in automatic plastic packaging machines that are exhausted in high-speed packaging businesses. These straps will consist of precise measurements, highly-tested durable stamina, and external attributes that will allow for less than one mistake in every one-thousand uses in totally automatic devices. Industry The industry, of course, will be the plastic industry which is the third biggest industry within our nation. According to data from 2007, the plastic industry opened up jobs for more than a million laborers, made almost $400 billion in yearly shipments, and had a trading excess of $11 billion. The United States plastic industry has increased their productivity and shipments quite a bit (Plastic Industry Facts, 2007). Market Size The entire plastic shipment was thought to be around $400 billion. It is also thought that the market for our straps make up 0.5% of the plastics market, which totals out to almost $2 billion (Plastic Industry Facts, 2007). Team Requirements The necessities for our team will be: operations team, marketing team, finance...
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...Attribution – Non-Commercial - Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. You can find the full text of the license in this website. Ecovala Ecovala provides innovative solutions to private and public organisations to accelerate their transition towards sustainability. The organisation offers a wide range of services around sustainability and system innovation: from companies’ environmental assessment to sustainable strategic design, from new green services definition to effective implementation of CSR management. Based in Finland, the organisation is active throughout Europe, relying on an extensive network of like-minded organisations and sustainability experts. www.ecovala.eu Author Erwan Mouazan is director and founder of Ecovala. He develops and implements innovative sustainability solutions both at private and public level. Erwan owns a Master's degree in economics, with a specialization in international management. In the last 9 years, he has worked at international level in environmental NGOS and sustainable development / CSR consultancies. He is currently completing a master's degree in Creative Sustainability at Aalto University, Helsinki. Having lived and worked in France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Finland, Erwan brings his international background and sustainability expertise to develop innovative projects for a more resilient and sustainable society. His...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1750-6204.htm Factors influencing entrepreneurial intensity in communities Sibylle Heilbrunn Department of Business Administration, Ruppin Academic Center, Israel Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors influencing entrepreneurial intensity. More specifically the study addresses the following objectives: propose a way to measure entrepreneurial intensity within the community context in order to determine entrepreneurial activity over a period of ten years, detect the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intensity, and finally locate Kibbutz communities on the entrepreneurial grid. Design/methodology/approach – Kibbutz communities are the level of analysis. Using a comprehensive questionnaire, a sample of 60 Kibbutzim – constituting 22 percent of the population of Kibbutz communities in Israel – was investigated over a period of ten years. The same questionnaire was administered to the same sample Kibbutzim (Kibbutzim is the plural of Kibbutz) in 1994, 1997 and 2004. Collected data include number and types of enterprises, economic strength, organizational size and age, and features of organizational structure and culture. Findings – Quantitative data analysis revealed a significant increase of entrepreneurial activity of Kibbutz communities in terms of frequency, degree and intensity of entrepreneurship. Organizational size and age have an impact on...
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...Overseas sourcing, without risk Here are some rules to keep your supply chain problem-free and avoid negative publicity at home and abroad Zero tolerance Shut the door firmly on illegal activity johnkworks/Shutterstock.com Managing fraud and corruption risk and protecting brand reputation is becoming increasingly important when sourcing from overseas destinations. With the changing enforcement milieu, extra-territorial statutes and zero tolerance around acts of bribery and corruption, brands need to constantly monitor their supply chains. These supply chains transcend international boundaries, with business partners (suppliers, vendors, service providers and such) being located across geographies, having different cultures and work ethics. Therefore, it is a challenge for any company to know and curb supply chain risks. To implement the code of conduct uniformly throughout the supply chain, companies have to change the mindsets of employees and business partners overseas through continuous learning and development. Winning and expanding business overseas could be a time-consuming and arduous task in some cases. Facilitation payments and kickbacks are easy quick fixes. Many sourcing destinations are countries that rate low on the Transparency International index, where vulnerabilities around vendor kickbacks and bribery of officials are prevalent. Mounting business pressures, aggressive timelines to complete projects and high costs involved have the tendency to spur unethical...
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...Competing views of the entrepreneur The term entrepreneur has become to have a broad definition over the years, with many authors debating over the types of characteristics that make up a person who can be classed as entrepreneurial. The word originally came from the French meaning 'one who takes between' but over the years the term has developed with varying definitions from academic literature, the media and often people classed as entrepreneurs themselves, causing great difficulty in finding a universal definition. In the late 18th Century, Cantillion and Say from the French school of thought were amongst the first to recognise the role of the entrepreneur. Cantillion first defined entrepreneurs as a 'risk taker', buying at a certain price and selling at an uncertain price. (Cited in Blaug 1986:220) Jean-Baptiste Say backed this up by stating entrepreneurs are 'the pivot of the economy, a vehicle for economic change. Deakins and Freel (2009). In the years to come, further concepts of entrepreneurs were developed and argued amongst academics. By examining the differing opinions from a broad spectrum of authors since the role was first distinguished, through the years where the meaning has become diverse and arguments have surfaced over the true meaning of entrepreneurship, I hope to make clear whether the term is so unclear to render it worthless or find some way of giving it some true common definition in today's society. To investigate the varying opinions and definitions...
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...New-Product Development and Product Life-Cycle Strategies 1) What are the two ways that a company can obtain new products? A) line extension and brand management B) internal development and brand management C) new-product development and acquisition D) service development and product extension E) market mix modification and research and development Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 2) Product improvements, product modifications, and original products can all be classified as ________. A) pioneer products B) new products C) product concepts D) product ideas E) test products Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 3) Which of the following is NOT a potential reason for a new product to fail? A) an underestimated market size B) a poorly designed product C) an incorrectly positioned product D) higher than anticipated costs of product development E) ineffective advertising Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 4) Which of the following is NOT a challenge presented by the product life cycle that a firm must face? A) All products eventually decline. B) Changing tastes, technologies, and competition affect the marketing of the product as it passes through lifecycle stages. C) A firm must be good at developing new products to replace aging ones. D) A firm must be good at adapting its marketing strategies. E) It is difficult to plot the stages as a product goes...
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...The past thirty years have witnessed the most powerful emergence of entrepreneurial activity in the world. Entrepreneurs are now described as aggressive catalysts for change in the world of business; individuals who recognize opportunities where others see chaos, contradiction, or confusion. They have been compared to Olympic athletes challenging themselves to break new barriers, to longdistance runners dealing with the agony of the miles, to symphony orchestra conductors who balance the different skills and sounds into a cohesive whole, or to top-gun pilots who continually push the envelope of speed and daring. The U.S. economy has been revitalized because of the efforts of entrepreneurs, and the world has turned now to free enterprise as a model for economic development. The passion and drive of entrepreneurs move the world of business forward as they challenge the unknown and continuously create the future (Kuratko, 2002). Several methods have been used to measure the impact of entrepreneurial ventures on the economy—for example, efforts to start a firm (which may not be successful), incorporation of a firm (which may never go into business), changes in net tax returns filed (reflecting new filings minus filings no longer received), and a substantial amount of full-time and part-time self-employment. According to the Small Business Administration, 672,000 new businesses were created in 2005; the largest in US history (even 12% higher than the...
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...Chapter 1 An Introduction to Management of Technology M .A. Akkas, Professor, Department of Management Studies, University of Dhaka. 1. 1. Introduction We live in a man-made technological world. Technology has played the basic role of an instrument for transforming the primitive and natural world into a technological and man -made world. Technology determines the standard of living of people of a given country. It is technology that makes basic difference between developed and developing countries. Developed countries are also technologically advanced and sophisticated. Developing countries, in contrast, are poor in technologically. Technology provides a nation the competitive edge. Technology is a game for the rich, a dream for the poor and a key for the wise. Technology creates debates in many circles these days. Technology means different things to different people. Some blame it for environmental destruction and cultural fragmentation. Some technologies jeopardize environment and social values. The abuse of it leads to social disaster. Others view it as the key to economic and social progress. Technology enhances muscle and brainpower. It is a tool to increase productivity. It is a tool to dominate the nature and society. It is a key for unlocking nature’s storehouse. It is a tool for deriving benefits from the nature. It is viewed as a source of wealth, well being and instrument of power to dominate nature and societies. No doubt there...
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...New-Product Development and Product Life-Cycle Strategies 1) What are the two ways that a company can obtain new products? A) line extension and brand management B) internal development and brand management C) new-product development and acquisition D) service development and product extension E) market mix modification and research and development Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 2) Product improvements, product modifications, and original products can all be classified as ________. A) pioneer products B) new products C) product concepts D) product ideas E) test products Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 3) Which of the following is NOT a potential reason for a new product to fail? A) an underestimated market size B) a poorly designed product C) an incorrectly positioned product D) higher than anticipated costs of product development E) ineffective advertising Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 258 Skill: Concept Objective: 9-1 4) Which of the following is NOT a challenge presented by the product life cycle that a firm must face? A) All products eventually decline. B) Changing tastes, technologies, and competition affect the marketing of the product as it passes through lifecycle stages. C) A firm must be good at developing new products to replace aging ones. D) A firm must be good at adapting its marketing strategies. E) It is difficult to plot the stages as a product goes...
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...his abilities and distinguish himself beyond the standard curriculum, Henry had decided to enter the School’s annual business plan contest. About six weeks earlier, in late January, Henry had teamed with HBS classmate Dana Soiman and the founders of start-up company Music Games International (MGI). The MGI founders—an HBS alumnus (MBA ’87) and two professional musicians—later brought two additional students from other institutions onto the team, creating a group composed of diverse views and talents. (See Exhibit 1 for team member bios.) The team was dynamic but very conflicted, and progress on the business plan had been slow. They had a promising product: a CD-ROM music game that children enjoyed playing while learning about music. The team could not agree, however, on a fundamental aspect of the plan—the target market for the product—which made it difficult to move forward. Henry and Dana thought the business plan should focus on gaining a foothold in the education market, whereas the team’s founders wanted to go after the larger, more...
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...abilities and distinguish himself beyond the standard curriculum, Henry had decided to enter the School’s annual business plan contest. About six weeks earlier, in late January, Henry had teamed with HBS classmate Dana Soiman and the founders of start-up company Music Games International (MGI). The MGI founders—an HBS alumnus (MBA ’87) and two professional musicians—later brought two additional students from other institutions onto the team, creating a group composed of diverse views and talents. (See Exhibit 1 for team member bios.) The team was dynamic but very conflicted, and progress on the business plan had been slow. They had a promising product: a CD-ROM music game that children enjoyed playing while learning about music. The team could not agree, however, on a fundamental aspect of the plan—the target market for the product—which made it difficult to move forward. Henry and Dana thought the business plan should focus on gaining a foothold in the education market, whereas the team’s founders wanted to go after...
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...current level • Harvest to milk short-term cash flow regardless of long-term effect • Divest by selling or phasing it out o Shape future portfolio ▪ Objective must be “profitable growth”, not growth itself ▪ Market Penetration (Making more sales to current customers without changing products) ▪ Market Development (Identifying and developing new markets for current products) ▪ Product Development (Offering modified or new products to current markets) ▪ Diversification (Starting up or buying businesses outside of current products and markets) • Careful not to lose market focus ▪ Downsizing • Market environment has changed, making some products or markets less profitable • Firm has grown too fast and entered areas where it lacks experience • Firm enters too many foreign markets without proper research • Introduces new products that...
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