...Socialization in a Social Institution socialization in a social institution can change a person self-concept and the way they socialize because of the environment and the people to interact with on a daily basis. Being in a social institution like a prison for example would change the way a person socializes because of the setting the person is in. The way things are done in a social institution would change their self concept so they could fit in to that specific social institution. When someone is first introduced into a new social institution they have to learn how to adapt. This is where the generalized other comes in. If we can figure out thee generalized other things become a lot easier. In the movie Shawshank Redemption there was an example of him locating the generalized other when the inmates walked out of their cells and turn to the right. The main character Andy noticed the other inmates doing this action and slowly learned the way things were done in the prison because he was noticing the generalized others. Another example of noticing a generalized other is if a student goes to a new school for the first time. I think this is a good example of locating generalized others because when a student attends a new school, they wont know what to expect. An example of this is when other students take out a paper in section it off to take Cornell notes. That student would then notice what the other students were doing and would do the same because that was...
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...Erving Goffman is known for his contributions to the field of sociology. Goffman studied social interactions through microsociology and created a framework for studying social interaction in everyday life. In Goffman’s study of mental institutions, a participant observational study, he constructed the framework for defining social situations as total institutions. In his essay, “Characteristics of Total Institutions,” Goffman discusses the totalistic features as well as the mortification processes that effect members of the institution. While this concept has been used by many researchers and writers, it lacks scientific methods and measurements of data collection and may contain biases. However, this does not discredit Goffman’s model but...
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...construct or maintain a social identity. What a person may imagine as their own reality, can be quickly altered and replaced with new sets of rules, beliefs and even a new sense of self. Erving Goffman, a Canadian-American sociologist, describes an establishment that is capable of causing such drastic changes as a “total institution”. An example of such institution is seen in Frederick Wiseman’s documentary called, “Titicut Follies,” about a state hospital for the criminally insane in Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Through out the film, there were many instances that agreed with Goffman’s theory of what constitutes a total institution. What exactly is a total institution? According to Goffman, this term refers to a place in which people are detached from the rest of society and taken under almost complete control from the staff in charge. It is a place where people who have comparable social situations, like those in the documentary who commit crimes, but are also mentally unstable, reside. They live a confined life, where no boundaries are set for the three spheres of life which include, work, play, and sleep. (Goffman 1961) In a sense, this process tends to dehumanize the individual and strip them away from all the characteristics that made them who they were. With a blank slate, the institution is able to re-socialize the person into what they seem fitting. Life is experienced and controlled under one specific authority, often in the company of a large group of people. The...
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...Introduction Given the historical and especially the present day’s context of international affairs, the question of whether international institutions matter, seems to be at the center of world politics debates. Depending on the school of thought adopted one might have a very different understanding of what do international institutions mean, what is the process of their development and finally what is their impact in world politics. It is a common belief that international institutions are necessary to promote peace and ensure stability in a state. However, looking from the realist perspective one will tend to be more skeptical when assessing the importance of international institutions and claim that they will not foster cooperation or...
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...within an institution can be positive or negative, depending on what the institution offers and how the individual responds. Lily Arthur the protagonist in the documentary in Gone to a Good Home (2006) directed by Karen Beckman and Kerry Tucker in The Graduate (2010) by Tracy MacArthur both undergo traumatic experiences that change their life forever. In the Graduate, Kerry Tucker is sentenced to prison for 5 years for her crime, though in the worst possible place, physically and mentally, she is able to see the positives in the institution, completing an Arts Degree in Literature, becoming a model citizen. As a consequence of the institutions, their individuality and identity is tested they are forced ti comply with the rules and regulations of the institutions and experience events that can leave positive and negative outcomes, influencing their view of themselves and the world. Institutions can deprive individuals of their identity; however, this can be overcome if the individual is strong willed enough. In Gone to a Good Home, the religious institution of the Holy Cross Home for Girls confides Lily away from society as she is in “moral danger” for being a pregnant, unwed teenage girl. The black and white dramatic recreations of Lily when her hair was being cut upon first entered the home emphasises the physical loss of her identity as well as the oppressive power of the institution, therefore inevitably complying with the rules and regulation of the institution, losing...
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...well as to make predictions about future events. The first of these theories, liberalism, is based upon the belief that man is innately good and that social conditions can be improved, paving the way for progress. Liberalism has its roots in “Enlightenment optimism, nineteenth-century political and economic liberalism, and twentieth-century Wilsonian idealism.” (Mingst 60) Liberalism sees man as rational, and through rationalism, society flourishes. Liberalism views the state not as an individual on the international stage, but as a member of a larger international community. Liberalism argues that war is not a part of human nature, and that it is brought on by the corruption of institutions. As such, liberalism posits that war can be avoided through reformation of the corrupt institutions, and through...
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...system. (Rrevoir la parties sur l’hegemony) Internationally, he advocates free trade (no barrier to trade). For liberals, the state should be limited to its regulatory functions: justice, police and national defense, a state policeman role. Interference of the State in private affairs should be refused because it might disrupt the free market and thus create crisis situations.Given the liberal ideologies can we say that liberalism is the perfect way of ruling a state? Let take the case of some institutions such as the UN and the EU which are the two main institutions doing well or at least tending to do a better work than the other one. First, the European Union is one of the more integrated institutions in to the international relation. For instance, if you got visa from one of the member of the union, you automatically have the right to move inside the countries which are member of the union without worrying about anything. These facilities are made possible because of the strong institutions that the different member were just able to put in place despite all the prejudice ’hey use to have in the past. In fact, in the past the member of this union fought one another. The fact that they have been able to get rid of all those stereotypes and think...
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...Everyone can go after his own instincts and claim rights on others’ property for self-protection. One cannot expect peace and order; therefore, there must be a political institution that would guarantee these aspects. On contrary, Rousseau considers human nature good, yet it is to be corrupted by society. “Since the most powerful or the most miserable made of their strength or their needs, a kind of right to the possessions of others, equivalent in their opinion, to the right of property, equality was destroyed and followed by the most frightful disorder (Cole and Kibel). Rousseau claims that humans in a natural state are not only afraid of death but they are also not aware of it. Rousseau believes that it is impossible for people to live happy if people live in fear of...
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...The perspective of people about their selves always originates from the thought of the other individual that how the others people perceive / see them. People may not bother that how they see themselves but they give it as the significant importance that how people see them. We shape our mental self-portrait as the impressions of the reaction and assessments of others in our surroundings. The idea of the mirror self-hypothesis constitutes the foundation of the sociological theory of socialization. The thought is that individuals in our nearby surroundings serve as the "mirrors" that reflect pictures of ourselves. As indicated by Cooley, this procedure has three stages. To the first stage is about the judgment and imagination of people that how one appear to someone else. . It is related without imagination second, we start imagining and speculating that what are the judgments and perceptions, people are making about us, particularly about our appearance. In conclusion, we start speculating that how the individual feels about us. A definitive result of all of the above process is that we frequently...
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...punished should be high * Celerity * The time interval between crime and punishment should be small and short * Deterrence types: * Specific * Threatening effect on apprehended and punished offenders * General * Threatening effect on those who have not committed crime Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime * The level of self-control is the common cause of all types of criminal behaviors * Self-control develops in the early childhood and is not likely to change throughout the life course * The relationship between self-control and criminal behaviors is likely to remain the same in different cultural settings Low Self-control * Impulsivity * Tend to have concrete ‘here and now’ orientation * Simple tasks * Prefer to easy or simple gratifications of desires and try to avoid complex tasks * Risk seeking * Tend to be adventuresome rather than cautious * Physical activities * Prefer to physical rather than cognitive or mental activities * Self-centered * Tend to be self-centered, indifferent or insensitive to the suffering and needs of others * Temper * Tend to have minimal tolerance for frustration and little ability to respond to conflict through verbal rather...
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...Measuring Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions (the Standards) seeks to address this need. These Standards are designed for use by all microfinance institutions (MFIs): non-governmental organizations, non-bank financial institutions or companies, commercial banks, rural banks, credit unions, and cooperatives. Below are the detailed description of each ratio and table. 1. Profitability Ratios All MFIs, from non-profit NGOs, to for-profit banks, must be profitable over the long-term in order to be self-sustaining. Profitability allows an MFI to continue operating and to grow. Profitability ratio is any ratio that measures a company's ability to generate cash flow relative to some metric, often the amount invested in the company. Profitability ratios are useful in fundamental analysis which investigates the financial health of companies. An example of a profitability ratio is the return on investment which is the amount of revenue an investment generates as a percentage of the amount of capital invested over a given period of time. Other examples include return on sales, return on equity, and return on common stock equity. Operational Self-Sufficiency (originally called “Operating Self-Sufficiency” or OSS) and Financial Self-Sufficiency (FSS), the adjusted version of Operational Self-Sufficiency, were the earliest attempts to measure whether an MFI could cover its costs and maintain it programs. “Operating Self-Sufficiency indicates whether or not enough...
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...ABSTRACT Title : Governance and Management Schemes towards Readiness of Public and Private Higher Educational Institutions to Institutional Quality Assurance through Monitoring and Evaluation Researcher : Helen P. Aquines Degree : Doctor in Public Administration Institution : Polytechnic University of the Philippines Year : 2011 Adviser : Dr. Adela Jamorabo-Ruiz The Problem The main objective of the study is to analyze the readiness of Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) and Maritime Academy of the Philippines (MAAP) to Institutional Quality Assurance through Monitoring and Evaluation (IQuAME) by CHED and to propose some governance and management schemes. Specifically, this study sought answers to the following questions: 1. What are the profiles of PUP and MAAP in terms of: 1.1 Vision, 1.2 Mission, and 1.3 Philosophy/Goals? 2. How prepared are the two (2) Higher Educational Institutions on the IQuAME program of CHED in the following areas: 2.1 Governance 2.2 Quality of Teaching and Research 2.3 Support for Students 2.4 Relations with the Community 2.5 Management of Resources 3. What are the problems encountered in the implementation of the performance measures of IQuAME? 4. What are the governance and management schemes that may be adopted to assist the school administrators to the field of public administration? Research Methodology The study utilized the descriptive method of...
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...Oct 26, 2010 What is This? Downloaded from alh.sagepub.com by guest on December 16, 2012 Article Improving student engagement: Ten proposals for action Nick Zepke and Linda Leach Abstract Active Learning in Higher Education 11(3) 167–177 © The Author(s) 2010 Reprints and permission: sagepub. co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1469787410379680 alh.sagepub.com School of Educational Studies, Massey University, New Zealand Since the 1980s an extensive research literature has investigated how to improve student success in higher education focusing on student outcomes such as retention, completion and employability. A parallel research programme has focused on how students engage with their studies and what they, institutions and educators can do to enhance their engagement, and hence success. This article reports on two syntheses of research literature on student engagement and how this can be enhanced. It first synthesizes 93 research studies from ten countries to develop a conceptual organizer for student engagement that consists of four perspectives identified in the research: student...
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...“Among Black students enrolled in degree-granting institutions, the percentage enrolled at HBCUs has fallen over time, from 18 percent in 1976 to 8 percent in 2014” (“Historically Black Colleges 1). HBCU’s were only made to learn basic skills until segregation. For instance, a group of black students took the advantage to attend Central High School when it first became integrated in 1957. “HBCU’s existed as federal inventions to offer black students opportunities to learn a basic skill or a trade. These institutions have now flourished with a plethora of undergraduate and graduate programs, some being the best in the country” (HBCU vs PWI 1). However, the top HBCU, Spelman College, is an all-female school (“These Historically Black” 1). The next HBCU ranking is Howard university with only 4,222 men applying and only 469 men...
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...levels of society and how it affects our behaviors and the world around us. To begin this process of self-discovery and what unites us C. Wright Mills first aims to help us develop our sociological imagination. This is described as the “ability...
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