...Society » Home » Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland air transport infrastructure, airport infrastructure, airport network, Airports and Air Services, aviation portal, european regional development fund, european union, onboard magazines, promotion services, rail infrastructure, Transport, transport network, Trade & Transport, Europe and Central Asia Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland bankwatch.org – The aim of this paper is to review the rationale of EU Cohesion Policy investments in airport infrastructure using the example of Poland, with a particular focus on newly developed regional airports. The paper gives a brief overview of the existing airport network in Poland. The functioning of smaller airports is examined with regard to the burden that they create for regional and local budgets. Furthermore, the paper describes planned EU investments in airport infrastructure under Cohesion Policy 2007 - 2013. Additional topics covered include the cases of new investments clashing with nature protection, as well the use of EU funds for constructing rail connections to airports. The main recommendation drawn from the study is the need to phase out EU funds support for airport infrastructure, most urgently in case of newly constructed regional airports. In addition, EU investments in rail infrastructure should be redirected from connecting...
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...Society » Home » Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland air transport infrastructure, airport infrastructure, airport network, Airports and Air Services, aviation portal, european regional development fund, european union, onboard magazines, promotion services, rail infrastructure, Transport, transport network, Trade & Transport, Europe and Central Asia Flights of fancy: A case study on aviation and EU funds in Poland bankwatch.org – The aim of this paper is to review the rationale of EU Cohesion Policy investments in airport infrastructure using the example of Poland, with a particular focus on newly developed regional airports. The paper gives a brief overview of the existing airport network in Poland. The functioning of smaller airports is examined with regard to the burden that they create for regional and local budgets. Furthermore, the paper describes planned EU investments in airport infrastructure under Cohesion Policy 2007 - 2013. Additional topics covered include the cases of new investments clashing with nature protection, as well the use of EU funds for constructing rail connections to airports. The main recommendation drawn from the study is the need to phase out EU funds support for airport infrastructure, most urgently in case of newly constructed regional airports. In addition, EU investments in rail infrastructure should be redirected from connecting...
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...The NeWer EntrantS Poland, Hungary & Romania The NeWer EntrantS Poland, Hungary & Romania As globalization of the market place continues, many companies that conduct within their nation’s boundaries will find it difficult to survive. Currently worldwide competition is influencing virtually every business in Canada, United States and other industrialized nations. One way to cope with this is to expand beyond a country’s own frontiers. Poland, Hungary and Romania are three countries that are very competitive in the skilled manual labour. This makes them a very attractive location for large corporations to outsource low, medium and sometimes even high levels of production. Multi-national firms can take advantage of cheap labour, high level of technical competence, and excellent infrastructure in these three nations. The Central Eastern European countries are part of the expanding Europe and the countries that fall within this area have opened up many opportunities for multi-national Firms. Many of these countries have recently joined the European Union and NATO have made formidable alliance and agreements that boost their investment opportunity value. History: Poland is a large country with a long and distinguished history. (Europe Global Studies, pg. 48) Poland's history as a state begins near the middle of the 10th century. By the mid-16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ruled a vast tract of land in central and Eastern Europe. During the 18th century...
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...| POLAND Economy | Macro-Economic Report | Economics and Decision ModellingProfessor Dr. Steven GoldBy | AISHWARYA INUKULA | 11/26/2013 | Contents History 1 Economy: 1 Currency 2 Banking: 3 Currency Moment vs. USD: 3 1) GDP GROWTH: 4 2) INFLATION: 6 3) FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 7 4) UNEMPLOYMENT 7 5) INTREST RATE 8 6) FOREIGN TRADE 9 7) INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 10 8) ECONOMIC FREEDOM INDEX 11 9) POLITICAL STABILITY: 11 10) Stock Market Performance 12 Major Trade Partners 12 Weaknesses 13 Conclusion 13 Appendix 14 History: Between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland among themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to be overrun by Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. It became a Soviet satellite state following the war, but its government was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labour turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time became a political force with over ten million members. Free elections in 1989 and 1990 won Solidarity control of the parliament and the presidency, bringing the Communist era to a close. Poland joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. Economy: Poland made a remarkable progress in its economy post liberalization. It makes an interesting case study as one of Europe’s champions of good economic management. It is a decentralized country with solid institutions, and its economy is diversified and deeply...
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...G Question 2 a) How was Poland able to avoid the worst effects of the economic crisis that gripped most of Europe during 2008-2009? Answer: There are three points that Poland able to avoid the worst effects of the economic crisis that gripped most of Europe during 2009-2009. Firstly, Poland has a stable economic policy. Poland government keeps the public debt in check and they don’t allow it to expand during the recession. Because of the main sources of economic crisis come from debt, stable economic policy can maintain the basic economic activity as Poland government does not need to pay a huge of debt. Polish debt-GDP ratio is about 23% in 2007 only. It’s lower than other countries. (Reference1) Secondly, free market and free trade policy helps a lot in maintaining polish economy. Free market attracts many investors to invest in Poland. This table shows that The FDI stock of Poland is about 53 billion which are higher than other countries. (Refrence2) The last factor is Poland has a stability and development plan. It aims at strengthening the polish economy during the world financial crisis and it amount up to 91.3 billion zloty in activities to stimulate investment in the polish economy. The first goal of Poland’s stability and development plan is prevent overheated economy. Poland was designed to curb inflation and ease Poland’s entry into the European Union in the early 2000s by using tight MPC. The inflation rate of Poland is lower than 5% after tight MPC policy...
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...Central and Eastern European countries like Poland and Romania are strong spots on the global outsourcing map Globalization & Integration Group Project Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 Poland 4 Significant savings costs 5 Ability and quality of resources 5 Low risk location 5 Culture Similarity 6 Investment Climate 6 article 7 Romania 8 Government support and business environment 9 Quality of the language and educational skills 9 Low labor costs 10 Culture 10 Intellectual property security and privacy 10 article 11 Comparison 12 Cost competiveness 12 Resources and skills 13 Economic competitiveness 13 Regulation 13 Corruption perception 14 Legal protection 14 Conclusion 14 References 14 Abstract In this paper, we discuss why are the Eastern European countries like Romania and Poland potential destination for outsourcing. Given an economic condition, Geographical advantage, business environment and quality issue explanation of each country. Both countries are economically competitive in outsourcing market in Eastern Europe, promptly emerging as a favorite destination. Introduction Outsourcing is a practice used externally...
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...FDI Venture | Trans-Continental Trucking Company in Poland | | Country/Service Since its transition to a market economy after becoming liberalized in 1989, Poland has quickly become a thriving high middle income country that has a stable democracy and good relationships with European States ("Polish Information and Investment Agency"). Poland possesses the public institutions, infrastructure, high human development levels and proximity to world markets, making it an attractive country to do business in ("Polish Information and Investment Agency"). Based on economic factors, compensation rates, and location, it is proposed to enter into Poland’s transportation services market by starting a wholly owned trucking company transporting oversized cargo, such as windmill parts and fuel. Preliminary research showed Poland as a major avenue for transporting goods across Europe, proving a trucking company would be a lucrative investment. Poland has seen a significant increase in foreign direct investment projects, up 40%, the most across Europe ("Polish Information and Investment Agency"). Currently, Poland is listed as the sixth most attractive country to invest in, confirming the country’s strong position in the international invest scene ("Helping U.S. Companies to Export"). The country’s sustainable development has much to do with its solid economic foundations. Poland has experienced an unflagging 5% annual economic growth, classifying it a credible and important business...
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...IBO Final Exam Winter 2011 (Yuriy Pylypchuk) 2. FTPR & FFPR – Ukraine & Poland | Economic size | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | | | | | USD | % | USD | % | USD | % | USD | | | Ukraine | Nominal GDP | 137 000 000 000,00 | 0,042 | 131 477 927 063,34 | -0,151 | 154 862 104 903,82 | 0,024 | 151 232 524 320,13 | FTPR | 0,729 | Poland | Nominal GDP | 469 000 000 000,00 | 0,038 | 451 830 443 159,92 | 0,016 | 444 715 003 110,16 | 0,051 | 423 135 112 378,84 | FTPR | 0,732 | | External position USD | | | | Total assets | Total liabilities | Summarizing | | | Ukraine | 90 318 000 000,00 | 117 017 000 000,00 | 207 335 000 000,00 | FFPR | 1,371 | Poland | 156 877 000 000,00 | 398 212 000 000,00 | 555 089 000 000,00 | FFPR | 1,312 | In accordance to Rabobank annual report I have calculate needed ratios. Ukraine - FTPR = 0,729; FFPR = 1,371 Poland - FTPR = 0,732; FFPR = 1,312 The indicator FTPR displays the amount of balance imports and exports to GDP. Having analyzed the calculated parameters can be noted that in times of crisis to develop the country with almost the same pace, FFTP shows that the growth of Ukraine and Poland in the international arena is virtually identical at 0,73. Before the crisis, Ukraine kept a clear and logical foreign policy and external balance followed the import and export. But as we have developed historically in Ukraine are all accustomed to trade, rather than invest in new areas, increasing the production of domestic...
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...working environment: 3 Legal Implication in Hungary: 3 Rule Regarding Foreign Work Policy: 4 Labor law in Hungary: 4 Laws regarding company: 5 Laws regarding Taxation: 5 Laws of termination of Business: 6 Laws related to Investment: 6 Economic Factors that relates to Production of PTM mobile: 6 A Study about European Mobile Economy: 7 High Competition driving the price down in this market: 8 A Concise Study of the Economy of Some European Countries: 8 Poland: 8 Latvia: 8 Slovenia: 8 The Risk Associated with Hungarian Political Scenario: 9 The Government related risk: 9 Advantages of EU membership: 9 Economy related risk: 10 Benefits of having Production Unit outside United Kingdom: 10 Conclusion: 10 References 10 Introduction Hungary is well known for its manufacturing purpose for many years. It is situated inside the Europe but the wages of the labor force there is 60% lesser than any other country in Europe. The labor force is skilled and educated also. For this most of the manufacturing organizations want to start their work there. The main industries that are working there are- • Telecommunication and information technology • Engineering • Pharmaceutical • Economics research and related work • Mathematical sector. The investment policy of Hungary is sound also. By considering all these PTM, is trying to move their business there. Background of the strategy PTM is one of the growing mobile manufacturing companies....
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...IKEA The Impact of Globalisation Definition of Globalisation Globalisation is the process by which organisations or businesses start operations on an international scale by committing facilities and resources in foreign countries. The International Monetary Fund, (IMF) continues to believe that this will lead to global convergence through aspects of trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and the movement of people and dissemination of knowledge. Mission Statement - “to create a better everyday life for the many”. Focus Areas & Goals:- Children: IKEA believe that children are the most important people in the world. By supporting their local communities, they hope to assist in children to achieve their fullest potential through development and learning. IKEA has experience in this area and can make a difference. Environment: “Low Price, but not at any price”. IKEA aim to have a positive impact on the local environment and how their business may impact upon it. Their store effectiveness, is measured on how environmentally responsible they are. (IKEA.com (2012). About IKEA, The IKEA Way) Introduction Ingvar Kamprad was born in 1926 on a farm called Elmtaryd, in the small Swedish village of Agunnaryd. At the young age of just 5, he was already showing that he was to become a successful entrepreneur by selling matches to his parent’s friends and neighbours and within two years was selling further afield by travelling to other villages on...
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...1. Short History of Sopharma Established as a small manufacturing laboratory with the Bulgarian Pharmaceutical Cooperative Society in 1942, the company grew into Galenus Factory, the first modern pharmaceutical enterprise on the Balkan Peninsula. After its nationalization in 1953, Galenus Factory was renamed to Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant. After the successful privatization in September 2000, Sopharma has become a private pharmaceutical company with priorities aimed at the establishment of the world standards for quality and efficiency. In 2000, 67% of Sopharma was privatized by Elpharma - a consortium between Unipharma and Electroimpex. Bulgarian pharmaceutical company Unipharma was just privatized by the present CEO of Sopharma Ognian Donev while Electroimpex was owned by Bulgarian businessman and entrepreneur Borislav Dionisev. After Privatization Sopharma modernized and increased its production capabilities. At present Sopharma is the main unit in the structure of the group “Sopharma Industries”. As of September 2009 Sopharma owns 16 subsidiaries - 8 in Bulgaria and 8 abroad. Most of them operate in the field of medicine and produce different types of products for medicine and cosmetics or support the main activity. Some Bulgarian subsidiaries are publicly traded and are listed on the Bulgarian Stock exchange. 2. Environment a. GDP, inflation, exchange rate, current account deficit b. Products and Markets Sopharma is currently active in three areas: •...
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...QUARTER 2, 2012 CONSUMER CONFIDENCE, CONCERNS AND SPENDING INTENTIONS AROUND THE WORLD 91 Global consumer confidence index declined three points to 91 • Discretionary spending and saving decreased globally across all sectors • More than two-thirds (67%) of respondents changed spending habits to save on expenses • Concern for the economy and job security remained Global consumer confidence declined three index points to 91 in Q2 2012 amid a worsening Euro zone crisis, lackluster U.S. job growth and China’s downward GDP revision for 2012, according to consumer confidence findings from Nielsen, a leading global provider of information and insights into what consumers watch and buy. “Consumers are clearly proceeding with caution in relation to their spending intentions,” said Dr. Venkatesh Bala, chief economist at The Cambridge Group, a part of Nielsen. “Consumer confidence lost momentum in the second quarter as global events, including a worsening Euro zone crisis coupled with slowing growth rates in China and India, impacted financial markets and consumer sentiment in many parts of the world. As renewed volatility entered global markets, consumers reacted by reining in spending and consumption intentions.” In the latest round of the survey, conducted between May 4 and May 21, 2012, consumer confidence declined three points to 100 in Asia Pacific, four points to 88 in North America, and two points to 96 in Latin America. An increase of one point each in Middle...
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...European M&A Construction Monitor Trends for 2011–2013: Defaults, Deleveraging, Diversification and DBFM Deloitte Real Estate – European M&A Construction Monitor 2012 December 2012 European M&A Construction Monitor is a publication edited and distributed by Deloitte. Director Jurriën Veldhuizen, partner Real Estate, The Netherlands Kees Zachariasse, M&A partner Real Estate, The Netherlands Coordinated by Harm Drent Hinse Boonen Steven Vrendenbarg Laurens Kil Contact Real Estate Department, Deloitte Netherlands Phone: +88 288 3281 Fax: +88 288 9752 December 2012 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Looking back 3. Going forward 4. European construction and infrastructure group contacts 5 6 12 19 European M&A Construction Monitor Trends for 2011–2013: Defaults, Deleveraging, Diversification and DBFM 3 4 1. Introduction Market trends: Defaults, deleveraging, diversification and DBFM The number of deals decreased in 2011 compared with 2010. Uncertainty in the market was a major factor for this decline. Although uncertainty remains omnipresent in 2012, M&A activity is expected to increase, even though the average deal size will be smaller compared with previous years. Small and medium-sized companies are the main targets, provided they are of interest to the limited number of larger construction companies active in the European M&A market. Survival techniques – including deleveraging, diversification and reorganisations – have been and will continue to be applied...
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...International Monetary Fund (IMF) were established by delegates at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944 and became operational in 1946.[4] The IBRD was established with the original mission of financing the reconstruction efforts of war-torn European nations following World War II, with goals shared by the later Marshall Plan. The Bank issued its inaugural loan of $250 million ($2.6 billion in 2012 dollars[5]) to France in 1947 to finance infrastructure projects. The institution also established its first field offices in Paris, France, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Prague in the former Czechoslovakia. Throughout the remainder of the 1940s and 1950s, the Bank financed projects seeking to dam rivers, generate electricity, and improve access to water and sanitation. It also invested in France, Belgium, and Luxembourg's steel industry. Following the reconstruction of Europe, the Bank's mandate has transitioned to eradicating poverty around the world. In 1960, the International Development Association (IDA) was established to serve as the Bank's concessional lending arm and provide low and no-cost finance and grants to the poorest of the developing countries as measured by gross national income per capita.[2][6] The IBRD began investing in development projects such as the Japanese high-speed railway system in 1964. In 1971, the IBRD set up an agricultural scientific research partnership organization to promote research and technology in agriculture. Its initial investment in renewable energy...
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...strategically important parts of the world, tailored analytical products, regular member briefings, regional events and other services. Global Business Policy Council A.T. Kearney, Inc. 8100 Boone Boulevard Suite 400 Vienna, Virginia 22182 U.S.A. 1 703 891 5500 telephone www.atkearney.com I n the two years since A.T. Kearney released its last Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index, the global economy has faced unprecedented turmoil—a housing market collapse, a banking system teetering on the edge, rising unemployment and falling sales across almost all industries. In the 2010 FDI Confidence Index®, we examine the future prospects for international investment flows in the context of these tumultuous times. While conditions have improved, senior executives at the world’s largest companies remain wary of investing during the current climate, and few expect a full turnaround before 2011. Amid the economic downturn of the past two years, several emerging markets remain attractive to foreign investors. China, India and Brazil are in the top five of the 2010 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Confidence Index, while emerging markets with large consumer bases, such as Indonesia and Vietnam, also rank highly. However, some smaller, more open emerging economies dropped in the rankings. For example, Hong Kong, a globalized economy according to the A.T. Kearney Globalization Index, fell to 14th.1 In Asia, investors are...
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