...Nursing 344 Week 1: Report Writing & GFHP Report Writing Pt records are sometimes called in evidence before a court of law in order to establish events that may have contributed to a pt’s death or injury. They may also be required as evidence for an inquiry or hearing by the NMB of NSW. ▪ Frequency of documentation relies on: - physical/ mental status of the pt. - the type of care provided (self care v. intensive care) - requirements of health care agency - any legal or other obligations that the health record must meet ▪ Content of documentation needs to be: - relevant - appropriate - accurate - requirements will vary according to pt acuity - content may be guided by framework (assessment, intervention, response) ▪ Documentation framework: - assessment: conclusions reached utilising subjective and objective data - intervention: reflects the action taken - response: reflects the pt’s response to the intervention ▪ Example of using framework to case: Mrs Pat Martin, a 28y/o lady has been admitted overnight via Casualty accompanied by husband. She is 16 wks pregnant and has been diagnosed with appendicitis by Dr Chan. At the moment she is only experiencing mild pain and has a low grade fever of 37.7. IMI Pethidine 50mgs was given at 2am, and may be repeated PRN. Shes been added to the theatre list at 9.30am. She remains NMB and has IV normal saline running over 10hrs. IV Keflin QID commenced, is next due 12md...
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...Health Priorities Report Health Priorities Report yuliya sadaunichaya yuliya sadaunichaya Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identified as a health priority area because it is major health and economic burden on Australia. It is one of the leading causes of sickness and death in Australia, although there are significant differences in the incidence and prevalence of the disease among population subgroups. CVD can be attributed to a number of modifiable risk factors. The nature of CVD Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to damage to, or disease of, the heart, arteries, veins and/or smaller blood vessels. The three major forms of this disease are: * Coronary heart disease – the poor supply of blood to the muscular walls of the heart by its own blood supply vessels, the coronary arteries * Stroke – the interruption of the supply of blood to the brain * Peripheral Vascular disease – diseases of the arteries, arterioles and capillaries that affect the limbs, usually reducing blood supply to the legs Cardiovascular disease is most evident as stroke, heart attack, angina, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most of these conditions. This is the build-up of fatty and/or fibrous material on the interior walls of arteries. This build-up hinders the flow of blood to the body’s tissues and also acts to increase blood pressure. Often, the build-up occurs...
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...‘Biology is the study of life and living things (organisms), and is an enormous, rapidly developing subject involving many allied disciplines such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, geology and psychology’ (Roberts et al, 2000, p.1). ‘Psychology is a science in which behavioural and other evidence (including individuals’ reports of their thoughts and feelings) is used to understand the internal processes leading people (and members of other species) to behave as they do’ (Eysenk, 2009, p.36). ‘Sociology provides a critical and systematic understanding of the processes which structures the society in which we live’ (University of Surrey 2009). The above quotations shortly define biology, psychology and sociology as three individual topics, which will be discussed throughout the whole assignment in order to gain an understanding of the relation of their individual influences to the outcome of my chosen patient’s current health status, a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). Rana and Upton (2009) were the first to research these three factors individually, relating them to poor health and well-being. Roberts’ (2000) definition above describes the certain issues explored within biology today; however, psychological and sociological issues can influence the biological status of the human body. Despite sociology influencing ones behaviour, it is also based around the effect it has upon groups and external events. Sociology does not only target the individual involved, but the way the...
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...The consumption of alcohol has extremely diverse effects on the heart depending on whether a moderate or excessive amount has been consumed. It is commonly known and there is an ample amount of evidence to indicate that alcohol, especially red wine, can possibly decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (Savica et al., 2010). Juxtaposed against this, binge drinking can have detrimental effects on the function of the heart as it can cause an increase in arrhythmias, lead to hypertension but most of all it can often aid the development of heart disease (Vogel, 2013). There is a direct link between binge drinking and the risk of heart disease. Studies have proved that a U-shaped curve can be used to portray the intense relationship that exists...
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...Acupuncture research in Cerebrovascular Accident induced hemiplegia. By Introduction to Cerebrovascular Accident and Hemiplegia Cerebrovascular Accident also known as stroke can broadly be described as an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Without blood the brain cells are staved of oxygen, and can begin to die within minutes if the blood supply is completely cut off. It is this cellular death which has the greatest influence on the sequelae or after math of the stroke. Hemiplegia is the most common sequelae of stroke, this medical condition characterised by paralyses of one side of the body. It is similar to, but should not be confused with hemiparesis which is when one side of the body is weak but still mobile. While the leading cause of hemiplegia is a Cerebrovascular Accident, it is not the only cause, other neural conditions such as a unilateral pyramidal (UMN) lesion may also cause hemiplegia. It is difficult to discuss Hemiplegia without also discussing Stroke, similar to cause and effect, if stroke is the cause then hemiplegia is effect. A sudden stroke can be deadly, and how well someone recovers or if they recover depends largely on how fast they receive treatment. In Australia the most popular method for identifying stroke is the FAST test: * Face – Check their face. Has their mouth dropped? * Arms – Can they lift both arms? * Speech – Is their speech slurred? Do they understand you? * Time – Time is critical. If you see any of these...
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...CASE STUDY 1 Acute coronary syndrome Patrick Gallagher Case outline Peter Brown is a 58-year-old gentleman who has experienced an episode of crushing central chest pain while at work. Peter works as a taxi driver and a colleague has taken him to the Accident and Emergency Department. On admission, Peter is sweaty, clammy, nauseated and short of breath. He is complaining of chest pain radiating to his left arm. This is Peter’s first presentation to hospital and he has no relevant past medical history. Peter smokes approximately 20–30 cigarettes per day and takes alcohol at weekends only. Peter is anxious and is concerned that his wife and children are informed. He also states his father died suddenly following a heart attack a number of years ago. Peter is immediately triaged and taken to the resuscitation room. You are the receiving nurse. Observations on admission include: Respiratory rate: 18 breaths per minute Oxygen saturations: 95% Blood pressure: 150/90 mmHg Pulse: 94 beats per minute Temperature: 37ºC. On admission to hospital an electrocardiograph (ECG) has been undertaken. Peter has been diagnosed with an anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (anterior STEMI). Blood samples have also been drawn for urea and electrolytes (U&E), full blood picture (FBP) and highly sensitive troponin T. 1 Discuss Peter’s immediate problems and explain these using your knowledge of pathophysiology. A On admission to Accident and Emergency...
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...brain which is called the hemorrhagic stroke (Willmot, Leonardi-Bee, & Bath, 2004). Having a high blood pressure puts a lot of pressure and strain on the blood vessels throughout the body which includes the ones which lead to the brain. Due to which, the heart has to work hard in order to make sure that the blood circulation keeps on going. This strain that occurs damages the blood vessels which make them harder and narrower. This condition is called atherosclerosis. This makes it more likely that the blockage will occur which causes a stroke or transient ischaemic attack which is also called the mini stroke (Chobanian et al., 2003). On some very rare instances, the extra strain causes the blood vessels to get weak and burst inside the brain which causes bleeding into the surrounding tissues. This is called as a hemorrhagic stroke. The common symptoms of having a stroke include severe headache, confusion, losing coordination, losing vision, feeling numb or weak. The symptoms depend on the amount of damage which has been done to the brain. A stroke often leads to physical disability. It is possible for people who have had strokes in their life to recover the abilities that they lost over time but this is not always the case and sometimes strokes can lead to a permanent disability. Some people who have a stroke face difficulties regarding their memory and thinking process. This is called as the vascular dementia in which the damage can be even permanent and can progress as well...
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...British Journal of Nutrition (2006), 96, Suppl. 2, S61–S67 q The Authors 2006 DOI: 10.1017/BJN20061865 Nuts and coronary heart disease: an epidemiological perspective ´ John H. Kelly Jr and Joan Sabate* Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA The epidemiological evidence for the cardio-protective effect of nut consumption is presented and reviewed. Four large prospective epidemiological studies of primary prevention of coronary heart disease are reviewed and discussed (Adventist Health Study, Iowa Women’s Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study and the Physicians’ Health Study). Other studies of nuts and coronary heart disease risk are addressed. The combined evidence for a cardio-protective effect from nut consumption is summarized and presented graphically. The risk of coronary heart disease is 37 % lower for those consuming nuts more than four times per week compared to those who never or seldom consume nuts, with an average reduction of 8·3 % for each weekly serving of nuts. The evidence for a causal relationship between nut consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease is outlined using Hill’s criteria for causality and is found to support a causal cardio-protective relationship. Nuts: Cardiovascular: Coronary heart disease: Diabetes: Cohort studies: Causality: Hill’s criteria Nuts have constituted a part of mankind’s diet since pre-agricultural times (Eaton & Konner, 1985), providing a complex food...
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...activity in the form of exercise, tailor made programs according to the needs of the patients at post care stage and fitness training exercise therapy have been found considerably helpful in rehabilitation in the survivors of stroke. In addition, further research is proposed to explore the different types of organized exercise programs according to the physical and mental conditions of survivors and as preventive measures among them. Physical Activity in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke Cardiac arrest is a one of the growing and leading causes of death around the globe. According to available data, more than 130,000 people suffer from heart attack, from mild to severe strokes, every year, (SIGN, 2008). One cannot ignore preventive measures; however, once a person goes through a severe form of arrest, he needs post care mostly in form of therapeutic rehabilitative treatment. Developing strategies and organized programs are great challenges for scientists and practitioners around the globe. The vague...
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...Myocardial infarction, more commonly known as heart attack, is the world’s leading cause of death. Approximately 30% of deaths worldwide are caused by some form of cardiovascular disease. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases is more prevalent in males, but is more fatal in females. About the Patient Rakesh* (pseudonym) is a 44-year old man of Indian heritage. He has served as a policeman for twenty-two years, and is currently married with two young children. Rakesh has lived in Malaysia his entire life, and speaks English, Malay, and Tamil with a somewhat equal level of fluency. Rakesh was at a government community clinic to get a diagnosis and treatment for some pain he had been experiencing in his upper body. The pain began the night before at around 8pm, and started as a dull, throbbing sensation in his back between the shoulder blades which would occasionally radiate out to his axillaries. Initially believing that it was just a pulled muscle or two, he did not take any action and just continued with his usual activities. Later in the night, around 10.30pm-11pm, he began feeling a sharp, stabbing pain in his chest at irregular intervals. Unable to pinpoint the origin of the pain, he had taken some Paracetamol hoping that would alleviate the symptoms. By morning, he was convinced that it could probably be more than just a few tense or pulled muscles, and that he should not postpone medical attention. The case being that the patient was not yet properly...
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...Goteborg, Sweden ¨ Submitted for publication: 19 July 2004 Accepted for publication: 1 February 2005 Correspondence: Margaretha Jerlock Institute of Nursing The Sahlgrenska Academy Goteborg University ¨ Box 457, SE-40530 Goteborg ¨ Sweden Telephone: þ46 31 773 60 39 E-mail: margaretha.jerlock@fhs.gu.se 956 J E R L O C K M , G A S T O N - J O H A N S S O N F & D A N I E L S O N E ( 2 0 0 5 ) Journal of Clinical Nursing 14, 956–964 Living with unexplained chest pain Aim. The aim was to describe patients’ experience of unexplained chest pain, and how the pain affected their everyday life. Background. Chest pain is one of the most common reasons for patients to consult the emergency department. Often no clear ischaemic heart disease or any other somatic explanation is found. Exploring the pain experience and how the pain affects everyday life may provide insights into the patients’ perspective, fill the gaps in our knowledge about this condition and give needed direction for nursing practice. Method. The study sample (n ¼ 19) included 11 men and eight women admitted to the emergency department. An open-ended unstructured interview was conducted with each patient and the data were...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Definition Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. People are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of the person's height in metres, exceeds 30 kg/m2. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass. Dieting and physical exercise are the mainstays of treatment for obesity. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption together with a suitable diet. If diet, exercise and medication are...
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...Community Interest Company: a Social Enterprise Organisation Project Report Health Needs Assessment: Stroke in South West and South East London Author: Version: Date: Client: Ref No: Dr John Hayward, Sarah Martin, Dr Michael Soljak Final Version 16.03.09 South West and South East London Cardiac and Stroke Network Boards P132 A Social Enterprise organisation and Community Interest Company Registered office: PO Box 1295, 20 Station Road, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, SL9 8EL English Company Number: 06480440 VAT Registration: 926 9466 78 www.phast.org.uk E&OE Final Project Report P132 Health Needs Assessment: Stroke in South West and South East London Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) The Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) is a Community Interest Company. This is a type of social enterprise that is committed to using its surpluses and assets for the public good. Social enterprises are social mission driven organisations which trade in goods or services for a social purpose.1 PHAST is based at Imperial College, London. It has over 60 experienced and expert public health professionals whose aim is to improve the health of the population and reduce inequalities. Many have worked at high level in the NHS, the Department of Health or in academia. Quality assurance and due diligence processes are in place to ensure all associates work to the highest standard. PHAST also has associates with economic, ethical and legal expertise. For further details see www.phast...
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...The lack of access to health care in Congo is the biggest problem to why there’s a widespread diseases and high mortality rates, the reason why there’s limited access to appropriate health care is because there are far distance and also there very low quality of medical health care services, ECHO is willing to provide a healthcare package for those Congolese who are affected by any sort of the issues the country is facing, there’s few health issues in Congo which also include Ebola, which is the main topic that everyone is talking about. There’s a huge problem in the country which have really poor health condition, even getting access to clean water and sanitation is a problem, there’s part of the DRC are prone to recurrent cholera outbreaks. ECHO, is implementing a cholera strategy involving provision of clean drinking water, sanitation facilities and medical treatment for uprooted populations, with the aim to reduce mortality due to water-borne diseases (ECHO,...
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...EFSA Scientific Report (2009) 231, 1-107 SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF EFSA Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides 1 Report of the DATEX Working Group on β-casomorphins (Question N° EFSA-Q-2008-379) Issued on 29 January 2009 WORKING GROUP MEMBERS Ivano De Noni, Richard J. FitzGerald, Hannu J. T. Korhonen, Yves Le Roux, Chris T. Livesey, Inga Thorsdottir, Daniel Tomé, Renger Witkamp. 1 For citation purposes: Scientific Report of EFSA prepared by a DATEX Working Group on the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides. EFSA Scientific Report (2009) 231, 1-107 © European Food Safety Authority, 2009 Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides SUMMARY Proteins are a very diverse family of large organic compounds involved in many important biological processes. Following their enzymatic hydrolysis during food processing or digestion, proteins may release fragments from their primary amino acid sequence. These fragments are called peptides, and many of them are known to be physiologically active. The possible beneficial effects of bioactive peptides have attracted increasing interest in recent years. On the other hand, there are also reports suggesting that some food-derived peptides might adversely affect human health. Among these, β-casomorphin-7 (BCM7), a peptide sequence present in the milk protein β-casein, has been suggested to...
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