...Phase 1 Individual Project Abnormal Psychology and the Workplace PSYC337-1204B-01 Professor Byers Jennifer Buchanan November 26, 2012 Abstract The definition of abnormality has gone through some significant changes through history. For centuries the causes of abnormal behavior has been debated. In ancient times supernatural explanations were offered to explain abnormal behavior, such as good vs. evil and displeasure of the gods. It was also believed that people who expressed behavior were considered to be possessed by an evil spirit. Then, in 460 B.C. Hippocrates, also known as the Father of medicine, proposed a biological explanation to the reasons behind abnormal behavior. He suggested that an imbalance of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow pile was the cause of mental illness. Along came the Greeks with their diagnosis and treatment for hysteria, and years later in 1896 Sigmund Freud developed his systematic theory of psychodynamics he believed to be the psychological components of hysteria. During the 20th century behaviorism, humanistic/cultural/normative perspectives emerged, drastically changing the way abnormal behavior is viewed. In this paper I will discuss how these perspectives in detail. I will also discuss how the terms normal and abnormal and how these labels can affect the people they are placed on in the workplace and in life in general. Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology is a branch of psychology that studies people’s emotional, cognitive...
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...Field of Social Psychology: How We Think About and Interact with Others Introduction: Interaction between individuals is a regular fact in life. The impact of relationships and interactions is of interest to Social Psychologists. This lecture will provide you with a basis for examining social behaviour and the various theories that explore human interaction and its resultant outcomes. Lecture #1 Notes: This week’s notes will provide a brief introduction into the discipline of Social Psychology - covering some of the basic principles and tenets of this branch of psychology before we dive into the topics and research. So what is Social Psychology? Definition of Social Psychology: the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior and thought in social situations. • Allport (1935) defined social psychology as the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. • Social Situations = actual, imagined or implied presence of others • Behavior = Overt behavior plus thoughts, feelings, beliefs, attitudes • Scientific Field = Combination of Arts and Science skills How Does Social Psychology Differ from Sociology? • Differ in level of analysis Sociology: Tends to use societal level of analysis. How do unemployment rates affect levels of violent crime in Vancouver? Social Psychology: Tends to focus...
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...How do the Theories of Emotion, Motivation and Development explain the events and public response to the James Bulger case of 1993? Theories allow people to see the world in a clear manner and allow them to perform actions based on what is rational. There are many theories that have evolved over the past century in Western cultures that attempt to explain how personalities develop, why people behave in certain ways, the type of environmental conditions that motivate them into acting in specific ways, and how these factors are interrelated. Some of the theories base their explanations on the social and emotional circumstances in the early years of an individual. This Essay aims to analyse the theories of emotion, motivation, and development and apply them to the events and public response to the James Bulger case of 1993. “ ‘I can never forgive Thompson and Venables for the horrendous, calculated, cold blooded murder of James.’ Said Denise Fergus the mother of the boy.” (Day. 2008). In an act that shocked the world, two ten year old boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson kidnapped and murdered James Bulger aged just two. The murder of James Patrick Bulger took place in Kirkby, Merseyside, England, on the 12 of February 1993. Bulger was a victim of abduction, torture and murder by two 10-year-old boys, named Robert Thompson (born 23rd August 1982) and the other one named Jon Venables (born 13th August 1982). It started with Bulger's disappearance on the 12 of February 1993...
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...Lauren Rohe PSYCH1810 Roche October 22, 2010 Author: Ruscio, John Article: “Diagnosis and Behaviors They Denote” Stigmatization is a big issue then psychology profession faces every day. The theory of labeling can cause an effect on the individual and the society together. The author of this article, John Ruscio is a psychologist who examined a few cases to show how labeling is a challenge for others. Do the mentally ill suffer from social rejection from stigmatization? These case studies give a few examples on the few from both perspectives. He makes good points from his examples, and then in the end shows his perceptions and his advice on how to change this social problem. Pseudo patients and Pseudoscience There were eight mentally stable patients that pretended to act insane and fake their symptoms to be checked into a mental hospital. After diagnosed with schizophrenia, the patients stopped faking their symptoms. When the hospital staff could see the patients “sanity”, they were discharged after a 19 day stay from the mental hospital. The observations from inside of the hospital showed that the labels from the psychologist will remain with the patient for the rest of their life. The “insane are not always insane”, and occasional behavior, will still receive a label of illness in mental hospitals. Patients, Job Applications, and Psychological Disturbance A group of psychologists were asked to watch a muted video tape of an interview occurring. One group was...
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...DIAGNOSIS Psychiatry is the branch of medicine that recognizes and treats mental illness. This science follows a medical model that is considered successful in classifying abnormal behavior. Psychiatrists need medical training in order to diagnose and treat mental disorders following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, for more than two centuries, there has been an anti-psychiatry movement that questions the reliability and helpfulness of psychiatric treatments. Many psychiatrists such as Maurice Temerlin(1968) and David Rosenhan(1973) supported some of the objections and criticisms of the anti-psychiatry movement. Rosenhan questioned the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses and accused diagnostic labels of impairing medical judgement. David Rosenhan carried out the study “On Being Sane In Insane Places” through which he wanted to prove that psychiatric diagnoses are not reliable (Rosenhan, 1973). For the first part of the study, eight sane participants (pseudo-patients) pretended to have auditory hallucinations in order to be admitted to psychiatric hospitals in different states across the United States. Participants for the experiment included three psychologists, one psychiatrist, a graduate student, a housewife, a pediatrician, and a painter. The only false information given for admission was their name, job, and the claim of recent auditory hallucinations. All other details regarding their relationships, life experiences, daily...
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...Gender psychology is a multi-faceted concept consisting of many unique definitions, and descriptions for each subject. The section that I chose to cover under this broad topic is gender binaries and norms and while it is zooming in to a specific part of gender psychology, gender binaries is still a very broad subject. The matter of gender binaries contains multiple aspects that are important to recognize in order to begin to understand not only the significance of gender psychology but the ambiguity of our society’s beliefs on the subject. To begin, we should note that gender and sex are completely different realms. Many believe that gender, sex, sexuality, sexual orientation and sexual identity are interchangeable. It is important to educate...
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...Summary on "On Being Sane in Insane Places" by D. L. Rosenhan D.L. Rosenhan was an American psuchologist, he was best known for the rosenhan experiment and study of challenging the validity of psychology diagnosis. He was a leading expert on psychology and law. In 1973 he published "On being sane in insane places," one of the most vividly read articles in the field of psychology. The article details the Rosenhan experiment. "On being Sane in insane places" was an experiment done to test the validity of psychiatric diagnosis. It tested a variety of people. It used (3 women, and 5 males a psychology graduate student in his 20s, three psychologists, a paediatrician, a psychiatrist, a painterm and a housewife) "pseudopatients" who faked hallusinations to attempt to get into 12 different psyc hospital in 5 different states across the U.S. They scheduled appointment and showed up complaining of hearing voices. They stated they didn't know the voice but it was the same sex as them. They also said that the voice was saying "empty", "hollow", and "thud". The pseudo patients gave fake names and job information to protect their true identites, but all other information was true. Such as life expirences, relationships, and so forth. They were all admitted and diagnosed with schizaphrenia except for one. After admission they told staff they were fine and were still forced to take antipsychotic drugs. They discharged from each hospital after 7-52 days,but only after accepting their diagnosis...
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...use for readers planning to propose, with the help of psychology to increase the chance of a successful marriage propose. The two factor theory of emotions suggested that an event happen triggers of physiological arousal then human cognitive label it. Further discuss on how this theory bring benefit to a proposal of marriage. Preface Propose is generally a huge mile stone to public, asking an individual to dedicate the rest of his/her life to another individual is a serious matter. Normally there are three steps get a ring, get down on one keen and get the other individual say “yes”. As time pass, the methods of proposing were varied tremendously. If the gentleman cannot think of a better way to courtship according to Darwin, they might not be mated. So with the aid of psychology, men should have a better chance with the answer “yes” after a proposal. Two-factor theory of emotion This theory suggest that emotion is based on two factors, firstly physiological arousal and secondly a cognitive label. So first of all an emotion is felt, then a physiological change, it could be heart beat rise, sweaty palms, knees weak, heavy arms, dry eye, dry throat, and change in breath. Then the individual observe environment to reason the physiological arousal, is it the noise of bangs some distance away, the footsteps sounds of someone behind, a rat in the corner of the wall. Finally is to label the emotion in that moment. However this can cause emotion...
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...scientific approach to psychology was one that studied behaviors, not internal mental processes. He denied the existence of a mind as a thing separate from the body, but he did not deny the existence of thoughts, which he regarded simply as private behaviors to be analyzed according to the same principle as publicly observed behaviors. B. F. Skinner was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A radical behaviorist, he developed the conditioning idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again. Jean Piaget- Jean Piaget's work had a profound influence on psychology, especially our understanding children's intellectual development. His research contributed to the growth of developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, genetic epistemology, and education reform. Albert Einstein once described Piaget's observations on children's intellectual growth and thought processes as a discovery "so simple that only a genius could have thought of it." Sigmund Freud- When people think of psychology, many tend to think of Freud. His work supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on psychology and behavior. His work and writings contributed to our understanding of personality, clinical psychology, human development, and abnormal psychology. Albert Bandura-...
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...Christian Counseling attempts to provide encouragement and guidance for those who are facing losses, decisions, or disappointments. Counseling can stimulate personality growth and development, help people cope more effectively with the problems of living, with inner conflict, and with crippling emotions, assist individuals, family members, and married couples to resolve interpersonal tensions or relate effectively to one another and assist persons whose life patterns are self-defeating and causing unhappiness. The Christian counselor seeks to bring people into a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and to help them find forgiveness and relief from the crippling effects of sin and guilt. Therapist Characteristics A Christian counselor has beliefs about the attributes of God, the nature of human beings, the authority of Scripture, the reality of sin, the forgiveness of God and the hope for the future. The counselor seeks to help counselees change behavior, attitudes, values, faulty thinking and/or perceptions. We attempt to teach skills, including social skills, to encourage recognitions and expression of emotion, to give support in times of need, to teach responsibility, to instill insight, to guide as decisions are made, to help counselees mobilize inner and environmental resources in times of crisis, to teach problem-solving skills, and to increase counselee competence. The Christian counselor also seeks to stimulate spiritual growth, encourage confession of sin and...
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...Rendezvous Discipline Criminology is known as a ‘Rendezvous’ discipline; discuss the meaning and validity of this label The purpose of this essay is to discuss the meaning and validity of the label criminology has as a ‘rendezvous discipline’. To do this, this essay illuminates where criminology originates from and what its primary focus is. The Chicago School, Lombrosian Theory, Positivist and Classical criminology, are discussed. Other disciplines namely Sociology, Psychology, and the Criminal Justice Sector are examined and applied to the broad subject of criminology, to show the network of how this subject came to be recognised as such a discipline. Exposed are main issues that occur for the likes of criminologists and other social scientists when challenged with defining criminology; and the problems that definition’s carry with themselves. This essay will look in to the birth of criminology as a new discipline and how it has evolved in what it is known today as an applied social science. Explanation of what an ‘applied social science’ will be detailed and collectively the answer to the meaning and validity of the label of ‘rendezvous discipline’ will be provided. Topics that criminology is weaved into for instance are Globalisation, Capital Punishment, Serial Killing, Media, and Genocide. Used to demonstrate the importance that this discipline provides, in a range of contexts Media is the focus later in the essay. Criminology can be studied on its own as a subject...
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...AP Psychology Summer Reading Assignment 2015 Due Wednesday, Sept. 2nd There are two parts to this assignment, both of which involve reading and writing A. Key concepts and vocabulary – Please type this and give it to me as a word document or PRINTED/hard copy of a gdoc Answer the following questions in short-response format (5-7 sentences, depending on the complexity of the subject) in your own words. You may use your textbook, a review book, or online resources. There are many online sources you can use; just be sure they are academic/scholarly in nature. The assignment addresses some of the major researchers, theories and concepts we will study in the coming year, so it will prove useful to you. 1. What is psychology? Elaborate beyond a “textbook” definition. 2. Psychological perspectives: a. Define the following psychological perspectives; b .name a psychologist associated with the perspective and; c. give an example of the type of research a person might do within that perspective. You MAY create a chart * Neuroscience * Evolutionary * Behavioral-Genetic * Psychodynamic * Behavioral * Cognitive * Social Cultural * Humanistic 3. 4. Describe the role of the “nature/nurture”...
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...International Business Research; Vol. 8, No. 5; 2015 ISSN 1913-9004 E-ISSN 1913-9012 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education How Does Packaging Influence Consumer Behavior? A Multidisciplinary Bibliometric Study Kelly Carvalho Vieira1, Valderí Castro Alcantara1, JoséWiller do Prado1, Cintia Loos Pinto2 & Daniel de Carvalho de Rezende3 1 Programa de Pó s-Graduaç o em Administraç o da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil ã ã 2 Institute of Humanities Sciences-Florestal, UFV/CAF-Universidade Federal de Viç osa, Campus Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3 Departamento de Administraç o e Economia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil ã Correspondence: Valderíde Castro Alcantara, Programa de Pó s-Graduaç o em Administraç o da Universidade ã ã Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil. E-mail: valderi.alcantara@posgrad.ufla.br Received: February 3, 2015 Accepted: March 5, 2015 Online Published: April 25, 2015 doi:10.5539/ibr.v8n5p66 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n5p66 Abstract The objective of this research was to analyze the academic literature focusing on how product packaging influences consumer behavior through the use of a bibliometric study. To accomplish this, we analyzed 111 articles, published from 1982 to 2014, indexed in the Web of Science database maintained by Thomson Reuters (formerly the ISI Web of Knowledge). For the analysis, we used descriptive statistics, bibliometric...
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...meanings, and side products, Alexia’s advertisement contributes to the growing epidemic of overweight Americans. Although difficult to pinpoint an exact cause to the connection between color and advertising, many advertisements depend on color choices to draw in potential customers, and food advertisements are the biggest offenders. The latest ad for Alexia’s onion rings is a prime example of using color to connect with people. On the ad, blue mountains, blue skies, and blue shirts scream out for the eyes to perceive. According to “The Psychology Of Color”, the color blue signifies trust and dependability. In current times, food companies try to gain more customers by explaining how each product is made, and some provide videos on how to make the product from home. On its product, Alexia states that its products are the best, and the advertising team use color theory to subconsciously enforce it. However, if a consumer glances at the nutrition label, he or she would notice ingredients that are no better than the fatty acids and non-natural ingredients that other onion rings are made from. Even though color is an important part of advertising, utalitizing other aspects to connect to the general audience aids in selling the product. Alexia uses the social construct of stereotypes and race to sell its product. In the ad, a farmer is holding the product with one hand fully extended outwards. On the man’s hand, only a few spots of dirt can be seen, almost like it was placed on with a...
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...------------------------------------------------- Definitions[edit] Cybernetics has been defined in a variety of ways, by a variety of people, from a variety of disciplines. The Larry Richards Reader includes a listing by Stuart Umpleby of notable definitions:[6] * "Science concerned with the study of systems of any nature which are capable of receiving, storing and processing information so as to use it for control." — A. N. Kolmogorov * "The art of securing efficient operation." — Louis Couffignal[7] * "'The art of steersmanship': deals with all forms of behavior in so far as they are regular, or determinate, or reproducible: stands to the real machine -- electronic, mechanical, neural, or economic -- much as geometry stands to real object in our terrestrial space; offers a method for the scientific treatment of the system in which complexity is outstanding and too important to be ignored." — W. Ross Ashby * "A branch of mathematics dealing with problems of control, recursiveness, and information, focuses on forms and the patterns that connect." — Gregory Bateson * "The art of effective organization." — Stafford Beer * "The art and science of manipulating defensible metaphors." — Gordon Pask * "The art of creating equilibrium in a world of constraints and possibilities." — Ernst von Glasersfeld * "The science and art of understanding." — Humberto Maturana * "The ability to cure all temporary truth of eternal triteness." — Herbert Brun Other...
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