...Industrial Disputes Industrial disputes are conflicts, disorder or unrest arising between workers and employers on any ground. Such disputes finally result in strikes, lockouts and mass refusal of employees to work in the organization until the dispute is resolved. So it can be concluded that Industrial Disputes harm both parties employees and employers and are always against the interest of both employees and the employers. An industrial dispute is simply a disagreement between employers and workers. Industrial disputes are manifested in strikes (withdrawal from work by a group of employees) and lockouts (refusal by an employer or group of employers to permit some or all of their employees to work). These disputes are mostly represented by trade unions. It is a disagreement between workers and management over pay, working conditions, hours of work, etc., especially one that includes strikes (workers refusing to work). 1 Causes of Industrial Disputes The causes of industrial disputes can be broadly classified into two categories: economic and non-economic causes. The economic causes will include issues relating to compensation like wages, bonus, allowances, and conditions for work, working hours, leave and holidays without pay, unjust layoffs and retrenchments. The non-economic factors will include victimization of workers, ill treatment by staff members, sympathetic strikes, political factors, indiscipline etc. Wages and Allowances Since the cost of living index is increasing...
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...IMPACT OF GLOBAL RECESSION ON READY MADE GARMENTS INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH IMPACT OF GLOBAL RECESSION ON READY MADE GARMENTS INDUSTRY OF BANGLADESH Prepared for: Dr. Muhammad Ziaulhaq Mamun Course Instructor Research Method (K301) Prepared by: Nabeel Khan (ZR-29) Farwah Tasnim (ZR-40) Rasheeq Rayhan (ZR-45) Sayan Muhammad Rafi (ZR-48) Rafat Shamim (ZR-51) Ishmam Rahman Abedin (ZR-53) Bushra Barkat (ZR-54) Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka June 30, 2012 30 June 2012 Dr. Muhammad Ziaulhaq Mamun Professor Institute Of Business Administration University Of Dhaka Dear Sir, Here we present the report “Impact of Global Recession on Ready Made Garments Industry of Bangladesh”. In this report we tried to analyze the current RMG industry scenario and the various factors associated with it which have been influenced by the global financial crisis. We believe our report will facilitate strategic planning for both the decision makers in the market and identify possible counter measures and new possibilities. We hope the report meets your expectations. We will be glad to answer any query about the report. Sincerely yours, Nabeel Khan (ZR-29) Farwah Tasnim (ZR-40) Rasheeq...
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...Current State of Textile Industries in Bangladesh Introduction: The textile and clothing sector is the largest manufacturing activity in Bangladesh. It provides direct employment to about than 5 million people, which accounts for 45 per cent of all industrial employment in the country. The sector contributes 10 per cent of the country’s GDP, 40 per cent of industrial value addition, and 78 per cent of export earnings. Major readymade garments exported by Bangladesh are knitted and woven shirts and blouses, trousers, skirts, shorts, jackets, sweaters and sportswear, and other fashion apparel. In the Table below provides a profile of Bangladesh’s textile and clothing sector. The sector can broadly be divided into primary textile sector (PTS) and export-oriented readymade garment (RMG) making sector. The PTS comprises spinning, weaving, and specialized textile units, traditional handloom sector and knitting and dyeing subsectors. Currently, there are now 350 spinning mills, 400 weaving firms, 310 dyeing and finishing units, and 4,500 garment factories. |Sub-sector |Number of units |Installed machine capacity |Production capacity |Employment | | | | | | | |Textile spinning |350 7.5 million |spindles |1...
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...Labor unrest in the RMG sector–reasons and remedies October 7, 2010 The prevailing worsening situation in readymade garment (RMG) sector is not good for country’s feeble economy. RMG sector accounts for 76% of our total annual foreign exchange earnings. Once, Jute was the only foreign exchange earning item. But the golden age of Jute is now over. At present, the RMG is our only dependable export item. The textile sector has emerged as a backward sector to this RMG sector. Spinning, weaving, Knitting; dying, finishing etc have emerged as a backward linkage industry. These areas of the of the textile sector are contributing to the economy of the country. So, if the RMG sector suffers any crisis, the repercussion will be felt everywhere in the rickety economy. Now, there are 350 spinning mills operating in the country, which is catering to the demand of the RMG sector and thus saving huge amount of foreign exchange. At present, the capacity of the spinning mills is 1.6 billion meters. There are 180 dying-finishing mills in the country with a capacity of 120 million meters per year. The production capacity of the knitting mills is 41 billion meters. What is important here is that they are capable of meeting local demand. The total workforce engaged in this sector is about 2.5 million, of which 60 percent is women. The total production is being exported to foreign countries. The reasons and the remedies of the present crisis: All of a sudden, labor unrest has increased in our country...
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...sheriff arrived at the factory here to shut it down, part of a national enforcement drive against clothing manufacturers who violate the minimum wage. But women working on the factory floor — the supposed beneficiaries of the crackdown — clambered atop cutting tables and ironing boards to raise anguished cries against it. “Why? Why?” shouted Nokuthula Masango, 25, after the authorities carted away bolts of gaily colored fabric. She made just $36 a week, $21 less than the minimum wage, but needed the meager pay to help support a large extended family that includes her five unemployed siblings and their children. The women’s spontaneous protest is just one sign of how acute South Africa’s long-running unemployment crisis has become. With their own industry in ruinous decline, the victim of low-wage competition from China, and too few unskilled jobs being created in South Africa, the women feared being out of work more than getting stuck in poorly paid jobs. In the 16 years since the end of apartheid, South Africa has followed the prescriptions of the West, opening its market-based economy to trade, while keeping inflation and public debt in check. It has won praise for its efforts, and the economy has grown, but not nearly fast enough to end an intractable unemployment crisis. For over a decade, the jobless rate has been among the highest in the world, fueling crime, inequality and social unrest in the continent’s richest...
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...Introduction Background of the study: * We are doing this assignment for completing the principals of management courses in the BBA department. * We are doing this report so that we can analysis the readymade garment (RMG) sector of Bangladesh and find out the problems and remedies of this sector. Objectives of the study: The main objectives of this report are * To gain knowledge about the industrial unrest in the readymade garments industry of Bangladesh. * To identify the problems of RMG sector of Bangladesh. * To analysis the problems of this sector. * To fine out the remedies that could solve the problems of RMG sector. * To gain in-depth knowledge about the readymade garments industry of Bangladesh. Data collection method: This assignment has been completed by taking information from different relevant sources. This assignment also consists of a significant amount of data obtained from some secondary sources. For the secondary data, we have taken some information from the internet. We also collect information from various industries’ web sites. Limitation of the study: Though our study is based on secondary data, there is a possibility of getting fake information. This study is weak in some points. The notable ones are as under: * This report has been made basis only on the secondary data. * The survey was conducted in a very short time so we were not able to collect more information. * This survey made on crisis situation...
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...teaching module was independently written by the Aspen Institute Business and Society Program with the generous support of THE FUTURE OF FASHION: SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH THE LENS OF THE FASHION INDUSTRY* By: Jennifer Johnson & Gina Wu Companies across all industries are facing the challenges of business sustainability, debating how best to address these risky issues while also embracing their opportunities for competitive advantage. This Teaching Module uses the context of the fashion industry to discuss topics that are shaping the future of all industries. These topics include sustainable resource management, the challenges and opportunities of global growth, workforce management, and the role of ethical consumption in business. The fashion industry offers a compelling case study for exploring business sustainability issues. In the fashion industry, as in many industries, success requires highly developed sourcing, design, manufacturing, and marketing chains. Increasingly, success also means incorporating sustainability in resource and labor management, as firms realize that long-term corporate survival will depend on new ways of doing business. Climate change, resource challenges, new technologies and dramatic shifts in the global economy are already impacting the industry. The nexus of these concerns allows students to explore sustainability challenges while providing a framework for discussing new business models and management techniques for the future. Given its...
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...How can Transaction Cost Economics Theory be used to help Bangladesh's Government save their Garment Industry? Daryl Chen California Baptist University Abstract Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of the South Asian region, with the population near about 122 million. The country's main export sector is in the garment industry. In 2010, the country decided to raise the minimum wage due to the public's outcry of unfair wages and working conditions. In this research paper, we will look at how the increase of minimum wage has affected the country's economy and what could be done to improve the outcome. Introduction Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of the South Asian region, with the population near about 122 million. Many of the 122 million are garment factory workers whose incomes rely on the garment industry growth and the ability to offer cheaper costs than other countries in the world. Bangladesh is a developing country, which would be consider by most as an old terminology, a third world country, and it's Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector of the textile industry has been known as the biggest earner as an export and the foreign currencies that come as the result of it. The country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is greatly contributed by its textile industry. In 2010, the country raised the minimum wage. The fallout was the unforeseen result and halted the country's growing economy. The country's export...
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...agriculture the primary engine of economic growth and employment generation but this approach has not worked. The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry occupies a unique position in the Bangladesh economy. Bangladesh has a total population of over160 million. Among of vast population about 3.5 million people are working in the garments industries. It is the largest exporting industry in Bangladesh, which experienced phenomenal growth during the last 20 years under the quota system of Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA). The abolition of quota system thus brings new challenges for Bangladesh’s apparel industry to continue its current status and enhance it in a free flow of apparel trade era. According to BGMEA, after the Liberation War of Bangladesh, in 1983 the Ready-Made-Garment (RMG) industry emerged to be a most promising sector in the socio-economic context of Bangladesh. From that point of time till now, this industry has grown and developed so rapidly that currently Bangladesh is exporting RMG products worth 5 billion USD every year to countries like EU, USA, Canada and other countries of the world. Now, Bangladesh enjoys the position of being the 6th largest apparel supplier to the USA and EU countries. The sector rapidly attained high importance in terms of employment, foreign exchange earnings and its contribution to GDP. Background of RMG industry in Bangladesh since beginning of ‘80s Export-oriented garment exports from Bangladesh were initiated in the beginning of the 1980s...
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...and International Labor Practices ) Business Ethics (MBA-513) Section: 02 Case Summary Nike is global footwear for athletes and non-athletes. It is still a highly successful athletic shoemaker today. Based in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike had been a corporate success story for more than three decades. It was a sneaker company, but one armed with an inimitable attitude, phenomenal growth, and the apparent ability to dictate fashion trends to some of the world’s most influential consumers. Selling a combination of basic footwear and street-smart athleticism, Nike pushed its revenues from a 1972 level of $62,000 to a startling $49 million in just ten years. Many researchers believe that Nike went in decline due to two reasons: Michael Jordan’s final retirement and the slowing economy. Another aspect of Nike that has brought a negative image upon them is the negative accusations of exploiting foreign child labor with lower wage. Poor labor conditions and low wages have been an issue for many years, and are still present in 2011.In the 1980s and 1990s, Nike had been plagued by a series of labor incidents and public relations nightmares: underage workers in Indonesian plants, allegations of coerced overtime in China, dangerous working conditions in Vietnam. For a while, the stories had been largely confined to labor circles and activist publications, until a young female worker had died in a Nike contracting factory in 1997, the labor conditions at Nike...
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...Bangladeshis working overseas, mainly in the Middle East, is the major source of foreign exchange earnings; exports of garments and textiles are the other main sources of foreign exchange earnings. Ship building and cane cultivation have become a major force of growth. GDP's rapid growth due to sound financial control and regulations have also contributed to its growth; however, foreign direct investment is yet to rise significantly. Bangladesh has made major strides in its human development index. The land is devoted mainly to rice and jute cultivation as well as fruits and other produce, although wheat production has increased in recent years; the country is largely self-sufficient in rice production. Bangladesh's growth of its agricultural industries is due to its fertile deltaic land that depend on its six seasons and multiple harvests. Transportation, communication, water distribution, and energy infrastructure...
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...WORK IN CONNECTICUT: 1880-1920 In 1977 the average women could expect to spend 27.6 years of her life in the work force, compared with 38.3 years of men. Women workers are concentrated in low paying dead end jobs. As a result, the average women worker earns only about three-fifths of that a man does, even when both work full time year round (U. S. Department of Labor, “20 Facts on Women Workers,” 1980). How did women inherit this inferior position in the United States work place? Has it always been this way? Has their position improved since the country industrialized at the turn of the century? Do male or female workers have control over the types of jobs they get and the working conditions they find there? Though most American women have always been relegated to low-level, subservient jobs in and out of the home, many have been able to exercise varying degrees of choice in their work lives. Between 1880 and 1920 the choices available to women expanded due to the change in job definition, technology, the production pressures of World War 1, the growing militancy of women workers riding the tide of labor unrest during the war, and the increased acceptance of women in the work force. The period of 1880 to 1920 is of particular importance in our economic history because the structure of our present economic world developed at that time. Many new jobs were stereotyped by sex, while many jobs opportunities opened up for small number of women in various formerly all-male fields...
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...Development of Apparel Industry in Bangladesh Garment Industry Large-scale production of readymade garments (RMG) in organised factories is a relatively new phenomenon in Bangladesh. Until early sixties, individual tailors made garments as per specifications provided by individual customers who supplied the fabrics. The domestic market for readymade garment, excepting children wears and men's knit underwear (genji) was virtually non-existent in Bangladesh until the sixties. Since the late 1970s, the RMG industry started developing in Bangladesh primarily as an export-oriented industry although, the domestic market for RMG has been increasing fast due to increase in personal disposable income and change in life style. The sector rapidly attained high importance in terms of employment, foreign exchange earnings and its contribution to GDP. In 1999, the industry employed directly more than 1.4 million workers, about 80% of whom were female. With the growth of RMG industry, linkage industries supplying fabrics, yarns, accessories, packaging materials, etc. have also expanded. In addition, demand for services like transportation, banking, shipping and insurance has increased. All these have created additional employment. The total indirect employment created by the RMG industry in Bangladesh is estimated to be some 200,000 workers. In addition to its economic contribution, the expansion of the RMG industry has caused noticeable social changes by bringing more than 1.12 million...
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... | | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Lebanon is a country located in the Middle East along the Mediterranean Sea. Its coastal location as well as close proximity to many other nations makes Lebanon an ideal country for trade. Through an analysis of their culture, economy, and market we have been able to develop an introductory marketing plan for exporting OSB board from Michigan to Lebanon. Lebanon is a democratic republic with a free-market orientation. Although there has been much civil unrest in the past, presently there is decent political stability. The economy has struggled due to wars and setbacks but through the use of foreign aid and internal growth Lebanon is trying to rebuild. The Lebanese culture is very family oriented which stems into their business culture where personal relationships are very important for business success. There are many well educated and ambitious entrepreneurs in Lebanon seeking opportunities with foreign investors. This opens up many opportunities for...
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... | |GDP |$256 billion (2010 est. PPP) | |GDP growth |5.7% (2009 est.) | |GDP per capita |$1,600 (2009 est. PPP) | |GDP by sector |agriculture: (18.6%), industry: (28.6%), services: (52.8%) (2009| | |est.) | |Inflation (CPI) |5.4% (2009 est.) | |Population |36.3% (2008 est.) | |below poverty line | | |Gini index |33.2 (2005) | |Labour force |72.35 million (2009 est.) | |Labour force |Agriculture (45%), industry (30%), services (25%) (2008...
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