...attacks many problems were revealed within the criminal justice system, especially those affecting the law enforcement community. One of those problems was the lack of interaction between the police departments and other local/state law enforcement with the federal law enforcement agencies. Local law enforcement agencies are the primary responders to any incident of crime or terror, therefore developing a better interagency collaboration in order to share information is essential in order to prevent future attacks. Prior to the 9/11 attacks many of the agencies believed in keeping information within their own realm due to protocols and security clearances. These criminal justice agencies each had pieces to a puzzle, but because these agencies never worked together, those pieces would never be put together to reveal the bigger picture. The 9/11 events revealed the lack of interaction and set about a positive change that would impact the way the criminal justice system approached their problem solving. One of those changes was the reorganization of the federal law enforcement agencies, including the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the Transportation Security Administration (Brown, 2007). Another positive change was the reorganization of federal, state, and local governments for the purpose of increased information intelligence and sharing. Despite the positives changes that occurred to improve interagency collaboration, there were several challenges to...
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...leading to implications and consequences. We use concepts, ideas and theories to interpret data, facts, and experiences in order to answer questions, solve problems, and resolve issues (Criticalthinking.org)”. The eight elements of thought are think about the purpose, state the question, gather information, watch your inferences, check your assumptions, clarify your concepts, understand your point of view, and think through the implications. These eight elements of thought come from Dr. Linda Elder and Dr. Richard Paul. We will use Dr. Elder’s and Dr. Paul’s eight elements of thought to analyze and discuss about The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction. This is also known as the overview of the WMD Report. The main purpose of this report is to determine and expose the lack of critical thinking that was used by each of the intelligence agencies that assumed that Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, had reconstituted his nuclear weapons program, had biological weapons, had mobile biological weapon production facilities, and had stockpiled and was producing chemical weapons. The coverage of the most public and most damaging intelligence failure in recent American history will be used by the authors to offer their conclusions on what needs to be done to avoid such disastrous misinterpretations and misconceptions. There are several key questions addressed by the authors in this report. First, what led...
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...after the attack on New York City on September 11, 2001. The investigation concluded with a comprehensive report detailing all aspects of the incident. During the investigation, it was determined that a lack of interagency coordination and cooperation could have prevented the attack from occurring. Information sharing was key in identifying, detecting, and preventing thousands of people from losing their lives Consequently, the tragic event that took place on September 11, 2001, could have been avoided, should the Federal Aviation Administration have had access to database information controlled by the Central Intelligence Agencies (DHS 2015). The men that participated in the tragic event were on a terrorist watchlist controlled by the Central Intelligence Agencies. Unfortunately, during that time in history, no information was linked between agencies. Consequently, no specific agency is tasked “with piecing together the myriad bits of terrorist information into a single recognizable...
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...The challenges of intelligence collection in the intelligence community are a lot, and it has a significant effect. Some of these issues are budget, training, redundancy, sharing information, stovepiping, and congress oversight. After 9/11 and the intelligence failure to share information between the agencies to predict and stop the attack. The 9/11 committee reform the intelligence community and establish the position of Director of National Intelligence (DNI). Also, establishing the counterterrorism center, and expand the FBI task force. One of the issues that matters to the senior policy makers is the redundancy in collecting intelligence. Redundancy in intelligence community cost money, resources, time, and it impacts the operations in...
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...United States Government, the Intelligence Community was very big, stretching across several departments and agencies with similar or conflicting responsibilities. And some of the agencies operated entirely independent of others with no intelligence collaboration and sharing. After being dealt a huge blow on September 11, 2001, those in the government felt that is was necessary to reorganize the various agencies tasted with intelligence gathering. According to the 9-11 Commission Report: the sorrow, loss, anger, and resolve so evident immediately following the September 11, 2001, attacks have been combined in an effort to help assure that our country will never again be caught unprepared. As the 9/11 Commission notes, we are safer today but we are not safe, and much work remains. Although in today's world we can never be 100 percent secure, and we can never do everything everywhere, we concur with the Commission's conclusion that the American people should expect their government to do its very best. GAO's mission is to help the Congress improve the performance and ensure the accountability of the federal government for the benefit of the American people. GAO has been actively involved in improving government's performance in the critically important homeland security area both before and after the September 11 attacks. In its request, the House Committee on Government Reform has asked the GAO to address two issues: the lack of effective information sharing and analysis and the need...
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...These units are considered to be the frontlines of the homeland security enterprise. Robert R. Friedmann and William J. Cannon argue that law enforcement agencies have the capability to collect large amounts of domestic security threat information and deter early terrorist preparations. When thinking of your local police department, they are the first responders to any emergencies or disturbances that occur in a neighborhood. Their close-knit relationships with the community allow for detection of unusual patterns of activities or behaviors of individuals. Delegating the task of mitigating and preventing lone wolf threats to federal and state level agencies only puts resources into the hands of members of the HSE who are alien to the...
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...www.elsevier.com/locate/eswa Knowledge management and its link to arti®cial intelligence J. Liebowitz* Robert W. Deutsch Distinguished Professor of Information Systems University of Maryland±Baltimore County, Department of Information Systems, 1000 Hilltop Circle Baltimore, MD 21250, USA Abstract Knowledge management is an emerging area which is gaining interest by both industry and government. As we move toward building knowledge organizations, knowledge management will play a fundamental role towards the success of transforming individual knowledge into organizational knowledge. One of the key building blocks for developing and advancing this ®eld of knowledge management is arti®cial intelligence, which many knowledge management practitioners and theorists are overlooking. This paper will discuss the emergence and future of knowledge management, and its link to arti®cial intelligence. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Knowledge management; Arti®cial intelligence; Expert systems 1. Introduction 2. Knowledge management and its underlying concepts Business process reengineering (BPR), Year 2000 (Y2K), and now knowledge management (KM). Is knowledge management something as a fad that the consultants dreamed up to keep themselves gainfully employed in the coming years or should knowledge management be treated as a strategic goal in organizations for better capturing, sharing, and leveraging knowledge internally and externally? Some concern and possible...
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...High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) Program Institutional Affiliation: Date: Information about the Program The program to be focused on in this paper is called High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) program. This program is established with a purpose of enhancing Anti-Drug Abuse policies by providing assistance to Federal, local, state, and the tribal law enforcement organizations working in regions speculated to be critical drug-trafficking areas of the United States. The program's ultimate aim is to minimize drug trafficking in United States of America by offering an environment that allows federal, states, local and tribal law enforcing agencies cooperate in order to facilitate efficient information sharing, as well as effective implantation of law enforcement. The other objectives of this program include; promoting reliable law enforcement intelligence to agencies with this responsibility and to offer assistance in coming up with coordinated law enforcement techniques which maximize utilization of existing resources to minimize the delivery of illegal substances in affected areas and in the United States region at large (Thomas and Kathyrn, 2000). The Director, in consultation with the Attorney, the Secretary of Homeland Security, heads of the National Drug Control Program agencies, General, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Governor of the state concerned, have the mandate to identify and name any specified area of the United States as a...
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...Better Practices for Retaining Organizational Knowledge: Lessons from the Leading Edge David W. De Long and Thomas Davenport n 1998, after significantly downsizing for ten years, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) realized that the median age of its 13,000 remaining employees was 48. Because most of its workers retired well before age 60, this meant that over the next ten years the TVA, the largest electrical utility in the United States, was bound to lose many of those it depended on to run its nuclear, coal-fired, and hydroelectric power plants efficiently and safely. Those employees, and the knowledge they embodied, would be hard to replace. Changing workforce demographics, marked by an aging labor force, more competitive recruiting, and faster turnover among younger employees, are creating unprecedented knowledge-retention problems in many industries, threatening to reduce the capacity for innovation, growth, and operational efficiency. A recent study of 26 firms conducted by the Accenture Institute for Strategic Change documented the danger lost knowledge poses for organizational performance in the global chemical industry.1 But, of course, operational and institutional amnesia imperil more than just the chemical industry. This article outlines a set of “better practices” that organizations currently are implementing to address these concerns. The practices shared here are not claimed to be “best in class,” because the challenges of knowledge ...
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...|Assignment | |STUDENTENOMMER: | | |STUDENT NUMBER : | | |VAN : |VOORLETTERS: | |SURNAME: STEPHANS |INITIALS : M | |TELEFOONNOMMER : | |TELEPHONE NUMBER: | |VAK : |Managing Knowledge for Strategic Effectiveness | |SUBJECT: | | |AANTAL BLADSYE | 11 pages including this one | |DOSENT : ...
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...Question 1(word count 897) From its humble beginnings the McDonalds organisation has continuously looked to engage everyone within the business to help identify and solve problems and has made the elements of leadership, participation, team-based structures, strong adoptive cultures, employee empowerment and the open sharing of information key pillars in which it has built itself from the ground up. Sustainable development has also been at the forefront of the McDonalds organisation and is an integral part of the continued success of the organisation and its ability to weather the storm from critics regarding the quality of its “fast food” in recent years and stay ahead of its competitors. McDonalds has a rich heritage of leadership and investing in its leaders. In 1961 Hamburger University was established in Elk Grove, Ill to train restaurant staff and management in the consistent procedures of the restaurants operations and create a culture that has continued. The 2008 CEO Jim Skinner worked his way up from Trainee Manager. Skinner is also a man of values and ethics: When McDonald’s was blamed for the obesity problem, he helped direct the company to take responsibility and help create a solution rather than pass the blame. Thus, Skinner can be seen as a moral leader. McDonalds prides itself on leading from the top down but also encouraging ideas and innovation from the bottom up. Ray Kroc has encouraged a participative strategy at McDonalds from the beginning with some...
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...deaths of approximately 3,000 lives across three states (The Huffington Post, 2015). As a result of this heinous act of terrorism, questions on how an event like this could have happened and how they could be prevented in the future made their way to the forefront of national security and law enforcement. The implementation of “fusion centers” has aided the efforts in crime prevention and criminal apprehension through the collaboration of multiple agencies. Fusion Centers According to The Department of Homeland Security, fusion centers can be defined as follows: State and major urban area fusion centers, serve as the focal points within the state and local environment for the receipt, analysis, gathering, and sharing of threat-related information and have additional responsibilities related to the coordination of critical operational capabilities across the statewide fusion process with other recognized fusion centers (para. 1). In addition, The Department of Homeland Security (n.d) website states that primary fusion centers are the highest priority for the allocation of available federal resources. This includes the deployment of personnel and connectivity with federal data systems (Department of Homeland Security, n.d.). Aside from these primary fusion centers, each state has numerous centers of their own which the Department recognizes. These are, “any designated fusion center, including major urban area fusion centers, not designated as a primary fusion center”...
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...3 COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES In chapte r 2, we described the growth of a new kind of terrorism, and a new terrorist organization—especially from 1988 to 1998, when Usama Bin Ladin declared war and organized the bombing of two U.S. embassies. In this chapter, we trace the parallel evolution of government efforts to counter terrorism by Islamic extremists against the United States. We mention many personalities in this report. As in any study of the U.S. government, some of the most important characters are institutions. We will introduce various agencies, and how they adapted to a new kind of terrorism. 3.1 FROM THE OLD TERRORISM TO THE NEW: THE FIRST WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING At 18 minutes after noon on February 26, 1993, a huge bomb went off beneath the two towers of the World Trade Center.This was not a suicide attack.The terrorists parked a truck bomb with a timing device on Level B-2 of the underground garage, then departed.The ensuing explosion opened a hole seven stories up. Six people died. More than a thousand were injured. An FBI agent at the scene described the relatively low number of fatalities as a miracle.1 President Bill Clinton ordered his National Security Council to coordinate the response. Government agencies swung into action to find the culprits.The Counterterrorist Center located at the CIA combed its files and queried sources around the world. The National Security Agency (NSA), the huge Defense Department signals collection agency, ramped up its communications...
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...up at the right time to describe the next era” Richard MacManus, ReadWriteWeb “The Semantic Web (or Web 3.0) promises to ‘organize the world’s information’ in a dramatically more logical way than Google can ever achieve with their current engine design.” Marc Fawzi, Evolving Trends “Web 2.0 is a marketing term, and I think you've just invented Web 3.0” Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google “If Web 2.0 was so hot, how about Web 3.0? This has been a recurrent theme of would-be meme-engineers who want to position their startup as the next big thing. ” Tim O’Reilly, O’Reilly Radar 3 HOW THE WEB EVOLVES 4 The Theory of Biological Evolution In the beginning… • • • the world was full of genetic code this code formed into vessels of information the basic unit of biological information was known as: the gene • • • • the gene could store, duplicate, and transmit data with duplication came interpretation and mutation with mutation came specialization genes better suited for certain tasks begun to work together • beneficial partnerships led to the first “organisms” 5 The Theory of Cultural Evolution On an ongoing basis… • • • the world is full of loose ideas ideas that propagate from one mind to another tunes, catch phrases, beliefs, fads, earworms, technology, art, etc. • the basic unit of cultural information is known...
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...The Reestablishment of Community Policing Problem Statement: This research project seeks to address the law enforcement transition by disengaging from the philosophy of community police and exploring more aggressive practices. While community policing has been perceived as a tactic that increases public effectiveness through the engagement from members of the community, and law enforcement officers with one goal in mind; public safety. Such method of deploying officers, therefore, produced a bond as well as trust between society and police officers. However, in the past ten years other tactics such as intelligence led policing (ILP) have taken all resources and forced agencies to dismantle Community Policing Officers Units. This project will...
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