...Keenan Brown Mr. Fletcher Canadian Geography 120 May. 1 / 2016 7 Landforms Regions of Canada The movements of the Earth’s plates have altered the land we live on and therefore altering our way of life. Because Canada is in a temperate climate the four seasons change the already vast set of landscapes each year making them change even more. In Canada we have several different landform regions full of different species, habitats and minerals all unique to their own region. Along with each region, different properties are present giving each a different climate and changing the lives’ of the people who live there. The first of several covers a good half of the country. The Canadian Shield covers most of Nunavut, Quebec, Ontario, Labrador, Manitoba, as well as a large part of Saskatchewan and smaller parts of Alberta and the North West Territories. The Canadian Shield is a relatively flat landscape with rounded hills of metamorphic rock. This region is rich in minerals and is often used as a mining area for many of the provinces. It is a bad area in Canada for farming because the soil is too thin. It is mainly covered in Boreal Forest in the south and Tundra in the north. The Western Cordillera rests along the western edge of Canada, covering most of Yukon Territory and British Columbia as well as western Alberta. Consists of high, sharp-peaked mountains separated by plateaus and valleys...
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...Keenan Brown Mr. Fletcher Canadian Geography 120 May. 1 / 2016 7 Landforms Regions of Canada The movements of the Earth’s plates have altered the land we live on and therefore altering our way of life. Because Canada is in a temperate climate the four seasons change the already vast set of landscapes each year making them change even more. In Canada we have several different landform regions full of different species, habitats and minerals all unique to their own region. Along with each region, different properties are present giving each a different climate and changing the lives’ of the people who live there. The first of several covers a good half of the country. The Canadian Shield covers most of Nunavut, Quebec, Ontario, Labrador, Manitoba, as well as a large part of Saskatchewan and smaller parts of Alberta and the North West Territories. The Canadian Shield is a relatively flat landscape with rounded hills of metamorphic rock. This region is rich in minerals and is often used as a mining area for many of the provinces. It is a bad area in Canada for farming because the soil is too thin. It is mainly covered in Boreal Forest in the south and Tundra in the north. The Western Cordillera rests along the western edge of Canada, covering most of Yukon Territory and British Columbia as well as western Alberta. Consists of high, sharp-peaked mountains separated by plateaus and valleys...
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...Canada’s Climate The reason why I am writing about Canada is because as a young kid I have always wanted to go there because I am a huge hockey fan and they have always been good at that sport, and I have always wanted to go to Niagara falls. So, I figure that if I write about the climate, that I can find out what it is like there. One of Canada’s major landforms is the Canadian Shield. The Canadian shield is a large horseshoe shaped area that covers eight million square miles of Canada. The whole shield is Precambrian rocks, and a thick forest. The picture below shows what the Canadian shield looks like.  Another landform in Canada is the Niagara Falls. Niagara Falls is a city in the regional municipality of Niagara. This is located in southeastern Ontario, Canada. It is also at a port on the Niagara River opposite Niagara Falls. The city overlooks the falls that are 177 ft high and in the falls, it carries nine times more water than the share of New York’s part of the waterfall. Niagara Falls is an enormously popular tourist destination, and it also serves as a major source of electricity for Ontario.  Some of the common animals that can be found in Canada are the Arctic fox’s, bald eagle, caribou, fisher cats, moose, and deer’s. Canada is part of the arctic and sub arctic regions. The sub arctic part is in the south of Canada and the arctic region is in the north part. Canada’s climate varies wildly based on geography, from perma-frost in the north to...
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...Geography Exam Review: 1. A mental map is a map you remember in your head. Some uses of mental maps are mall maps, map to get home, and maps of your homes. 2. The ten provinces are British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, P.E.I, Newfound, Labrador, and Manitoba. The three territories are Yukon, Nunavut, and Northwest Territories. 3. The four ways to compare countries are population, wealth, size, and language. This is important to geographers because they can compare countries and to know there attractions. 4. Population density is the amount of people within 1 km2. If Canada's population is 31000000 and the area is 9922000 km2, the population density would be 3.12 people per 2 km2.(divide population by area) 5. The six main features of a map is the legend, borders, directions, colours, title, and date. Three types of maps are mental map, road maps, and mine maps. The three main map projections are Polar, Mercator, and Equal area. Mercator has a rectangular outline, good direction, and good shape. Equal area has an oval area, good size, and shows the whole earth. Polar has latitude lines are circle, circular outline, and shows part of the hemisphere. 6. The four coordinate directions are North, South, East, and West. The ordinal directions area Northeast,Southeast, Southwest, Northwest. 7. The three different types of grid systems are military, longitude and latitude, and alphanumeric. Latitude and longitude grids are used to...
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...Canada Canada is a country in North America consisting of 10 provinces and 3 territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. The capital of Canada is Ottawa, Ontario. The absolute location is the exact location of a certain place on a map and Canada’s absolute location is 45.4214° N, 75.6919° W. The relative location is a location of a place in relation to another. Canada's relative location is above the United States of America. Canada is located in the northern-most region of North America. Its southern territories run along the northern border of the continental United States. Canada has the eleventh-largest economy in the world and is one of the world's wealthiest nations. As with other developed nations, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians. Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canada's most important. Canada also has a sizable manufacturing sector, centered in Central Canada, with the automobile industry and aircraft industry especially important. With a long coastal line, Canada has the 8th largest commercial fishing and seafood industry in the world. Canada is one of the global leaders of the entertainment software industry. Canada’s climate is not as cold all year round as you might think. Winter temperatures...
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...would be the Northern Hemisphere and almost within the Western Hemisphere. North America is made up of United States and Canada. An absolute location in the United States would be New York. Alaska is also in the upper Northern part of North America above Canada. While Canada has much cooler weather, The Unites States Varies in climate from the West Coast to the Northeast and North South. Place: North America has a vast amount of diversity in it's landforms. From Mountains to Beautiful beaches North America has a little bit of everything. Starting in the Rocky Mountains one of North Americas longest mountain range in the Western side, stretching all the way to Canada. Moving to the Southeast of the United States where we have plenty of Ocean with some of the most recognized beaches like Miami Beach in Florida and Cape May, New Jersey. In the Northern Side of North America there's also Alaska with it's beautiful views as for example Denali National Park. Interaction/Movement: In North America there's many Immigrants from other countries so there is an abundance of cultures around, as well as languages that are spoken throughout. English and Spanish are very common throughout the United States. Most of the Hispanic culture resides in the west side of the United States. In Canada the two languages that are spoken all over would be English and French. Canada was colonized by the french, which is a reason to why they speak French. Latin America: Location: Latin...
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...thanks to the water cycle. The water cycle is an important part of purifying the water that all living organisms need. The water cycle is the way water moves through an ecosystem. Water can travel in many ways including transpiration, the respiration of water vapor by plants, evaporation, precipitation, condensation, as well as runoff. All of these natural resources can be found in Michigan all because of how Michigan was formed. Michigan was formed in part by glaciers or large moving masses of ice and compressed snow. Geologic features were all formed over 1 million years ago in the Ice Age. Four vast sheets of ice descended from Canada to form our state and its abundant water features.These massive sheets of ice are called glaciers and they consisted of compacted ice and snow that was accumulated as they traveled over the ice fields of what is now Canada. The fourth glacier, known as the Wisconsin glacier, to scrape across the surface of Michigan occurred fourteen thousand years ago. The glacier was a mile thick and almost four million square miles thick (michigan.gov). As these massive glaciers moved over the mitten state pushed along boulders, rocks, and soil. The smaller pieces of rock were ground into glacial dust while larger boulders scraped into the bedrock (michigan.gov). Not only did the scraping motions of the glaciers help shape michigan so did the melting of the glaciers. As the glacier melted it left behind deposits of soil and stone. Although these actions are responsible...
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...This is usually found in the Arctic at around below -5°C. Winters here are extremely cold at around -50°C and summers are very short for growing season. This permafrost has a depth of around 700 m in northern Canada and 1500 m in Siberia. This permafrost spreads further south in continental areas rather than coastal areas (warmer because of sea). Discontinuous Permafrost: This permafrost is further south in the northern hemisphere (50N in central Russia) and these areas have mean annual temperatures of between -1°C and -5°C. This permafrost consists of islands of permanently frozen ground which are separated by cold areas lying between rivers, lakes and...
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... heavily eroded mountains (Taconic mountains) Geologically complex (sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks, as a result of 2 periods of orogenesis (440 million years ago to 350 million years ago) Great Lakes-St Lawrence Lowlands- p 42-44 Less than 2% of landmass (1.8%) Smallest- 110 000 sq km 60% of all Canadians live here Underlain by Paleozoic sedimentary rocks Summary Given Canada’s enormous size- considerable variation in physical environment All of Canadian landscape influenced by glaciation Links between physical and human geographies Next- the Niagara Escarpment The Niagara Escarpment Dominant physiographic landform feature in Great Lakes-St Lawrence Lowlands Designated as a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve in 1990 (12 total in Canada) 1st large scale environmental land use plan in Canada (The Niagara Escarpment Plan) Formation in 2 stages 1. Deposition of sediments by eperic (seas during Ordovician (435-400 mya) oldest sediments eroded from Taconic mountains. Then seas reappeared several times up to the end of the Paleozoic era (245 mya) 2. Erosion of eastern North America before Pleistocene ice ages Geologic Structure 1. Upper layers comprised of hard erosion resistant rocks (e.g. dolomite, limestone) 2. Lower layers comprised of softer rocks (less resistant to erosion)-...
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...1. In which regions of the earth are the largest remaining tracts of forests globally? * Ohio * Amazon * Southern America * Southern Asia * India * Peru * Republic of Congo * Indonesia * Canada * Brazil * Russia’ 2. Which regions of the earth seem to have lost the most forest? How could you prove this? * Mekong countries * Brazil * Indonesia * http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-top-ten/countries-with-highest-deforestation-map.html 3. Some forest regions are found outside their expected climate range. For example, there are places where tropical rainforests are found that are outside the tropics. Where does this occur and why do you think this might be the case? * These might occur because of ocean currents and fires 4. Find two areas that appear to have never had forest. Describe their location. With the aid of an atlas, determine if these regions are associated with another type of landform. * Sahara desert, central Australia 5. Describe the current distribution of Australia’s forests. * Forest distribution is confined mainly to regions with an average rainfall exceeding 500 millimetres per year. Most forests occur in the northern, eastern and south-western coastal zones, although woodland forests extend inland 6. Describe the distribution of Victoria’s forests. 7. Find a map which shows the distribution of Victoria’s...
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...Emergent Raised Beaches A raised beach is and emergent landform. It is above the shore line due to a fall in sea level. They’re formed through a combination of tectonic coastal uplift and quaternary sea level fluctuations. There are many examples of raised beaches on the west coast of England. The town of Stonehave is built on one. Relict (fossil) Cliffs A geomorphological feature which was formed due to previous processes and climatic change. They can be found at raised beaches and a good example is in Canada in a place called Nova Scotia. Coastal Plains An area of land which lays adjacent to a sea coast and is low-lying. During the cretaceous period Large areas were covered in shallow sea which disappeared as the land began to rose. The best example is located on the south eastern American coast. Submergent Rias Rias are caused by a rise in sea level or a fall in coast levels (due to tectonics) maybe both this cause a previously dry area of land to become permanently submerged. Examples include Portsmouth, Plymouth and Southampton. Fjords A long narrow inlet with steep sides or cliff faces. They are created by previous glacial movements which form a U-shape valley due to the ice forcing its way through the land. Once the ice melted it leaves the U shaped valley that become fjords. Fjards Fjards are rocky inlet of the sea, usually found along relatively low-lying coasts. Formed by the submergence of a glacial valley, fjards are characteristically more...
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...Version 2 General Certificate of Education (A-level) June 2011 Geography GEOG1 (Specification 2030) Unit 1: Physical and Human Geography Post-Standardisation Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from:...
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...The proportion of various landforms is as follows: Mountains, 33%; plateaus, 26%; basins, 19%; plains, 12%; and hills, 10%. China has a terraced terrain, which gradually descends from the west to the east step by step. The first, or the highest, terrace is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters and known as "the roof of the world". The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is composed of rows of snow-capped peaks and glaciers. The major mountain ranges are the Kunlun, Gangdise and Himalayas. The second step consists of the Inner Mongolia, Loess and Yunnan-Guizhou plateaus, and the Tarim, Junggar and Sichuan basins, on an altitude of 1,000-2,000 meters. The third step, about 500-1,000 meters in elevation, begins at the line from the Greater Hinggan...
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...approximately 8,589 feet. Some of the distinctive landforms that can be found in Lake Chelan include the following: U-...
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...Geography plate tectonics and associated hazard notes Plate tectonics and associated hazards Geomorphology – the study of landforms of the earth’s surface Plate tectonics – a theory explaining the structure of the earth’s crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of the rigid lithosphere. Geomorphological hazard – an event causing harm to people or property, caused by Geomorphological processes e.g. plate tectonic movement. Francis Bacon 1620 As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912 other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. Robert Mallet 1870s Robert Mallet was a nineteenth century scientist who managed to measure the speed at which earthquakes spread. Alfred Wegner 1911 While at Marburg, in the autumn of 1911, Wegener was browsing in the university library when he came across a scientific paper that listed fossils of identical plants and animals found on opposite sides of the Atlantic. Intrigued by this information, Wegener began to look for, and find, more cases of similar organisms separated by great oceans. Orthodox science at the time explained such cases by postulating that land bridges, now sunken, had once connected far-flung continents. But Wegener noticed the close fit between the coastlines of Africa and South America. Might the similarities...
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