...This paper will discuss developmentally appropriate methodologies in teaching language and literacy to young children across a developmental curriculum. Also to be discussed will be the aspects/knowledge of language, language diversity and Theoretical Perspectives. There is now evidence that it is never too early to teach a child. Through research it has been discovered that the infant even before he/she is born can hear sound and as we know that is how we acquire language, by hearing spoken words. According to Otto (2010), language development begins when language speakers assume that an infant is a participating partner in conversational settings, even though it is months before the child is able to begin using conventional words. In an article written by Dr. Carmelita Lomeo-Smrtic,Ph.D, she wrote that “Teaching children to become literate members of society is a daunting task, often relegated to the elementary teacher. However, research on teaching children to become literate suggests that this process must begin well before kindergarten. Research suggests that children are primed for learning language in utero. Also from the Otto text, “research on children’s perception of speech and the development of the auditory system in utero has determined that the fetus can perceive sounds beginning with the 25th week of gestation and at the 35th week a fetus’s hearing acuity is at a level similar to an adult’s (2010). Knowing all...
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...Child development is a process every child goes through. This process involves learning and mastering skills like sitting, walking, talking, skipping, and tying shoes. Children learn these skills called developmental milestones, during predictable time periods. There are five main areas of development: Cognitive, Socio-emotional, Language, Fine motor skill, and Gross motor skill development. All of these areas correlates to each other. However, the differences of cognitive and language development on a child’s growth is the main focus of this paper. What is Cognitive Development? “Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to...
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...In order to comprehend Amanda’s language development, it is best to look into the Cognitive-Connectionism theoretical perspective. This theory best exemplifies Amanda’s language development. The Cognitive-Connectionism theory believes that the nature of language is learned and not innate. According to this theory, language depends on “generic cognitive information-processing (attention, memory, etc.) and pattern-recognition mechanism” (Nelson, 2010, p.61). It is believed that repeated activation of language input leads some neural connections to be strengthened, while others might be weakened. This theory believes that the language is consisted of patterns from a particular language, not from basic universal grammar. Some general cognitive...
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...“What is language?” One way of thinking about the problem is to assume that language is like an orchestra. It is composed of many parts that intricately work together to provide a unified sound. Just as there are sections in the orchestra (the strings, the brass, the wing instruments, and the percussion), there are components of language in sounds, meanings, words, grammar, and rules for how one uses each of these parts in culturally appropriate ways (Salkind, 2002). Language is also one of the most complicated behaviors where we humans are engaging as a species. In 2002, Salkind states that children have spoken their first words, and grasps at least 50 words by the time they can walk. He also states that by the time children can run they can now use...
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...taste, or touch- so teachers should talk about these things with them. Name people, things, and actions for Twos; Talk about what their senses tell them. Talk about the things that are part of their own world so that they will understand what you are talking about. Toddlers use the few words they say in many ways. They will use one word to mean a whole sentence. For example, a child may say “apple” to mean “there is an apple,” or “I want an apple.” One can figure out what Twos mean to say by closely watching what is going on in their world. Listen closely whenever they talk, and figure out what they mean. Then you can help them learn to say more by adding the rest of the words to their sentences. There are numerous theories about language acquisition, and they include 2 main schools of thought: 1. Nature- These...
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...How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Language Development 1 Claytonia L. Butler Grand Canyon University ECH- 515 October 9, 2013 How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Language Development 2 While searching for information on the topic, I found that language abilities and deficiencies does have a major impact in literacy development. Especially in children from birth to third grade when their language skills are developing. Language abilities and deficiencies should be observed when a child is between Birth to 3rd Grade. Children with poor listening and speaking skills are referred to as having language impairment. Children with language impairment that have reading disorders, are usually defined as having poor reading achievement. The two main components of language development that will be discussed in this essay are: Language Deficiencies and Language Abilities. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the word deficiency means: to have a lack of something needed: the state of not having enough of something necessary. In children who exhibit complications involving phonetic understanding and reading deficiencies will most likely have literacy delay and progress in their overall learning. A deficiency in English language skills can cause problems with teachers and other people whom children encounter as they progress through school...
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...From birth up to the age of five, children acquire language at a very fast pace. The stages of language development are widespread among humans. Though, the age and the pace at which a child reaches each breakthrough of language development differ greatly among children. More than any other part of development, language development exposes the growth and development of the brain. Infants are very accustomed to the human voice and desire it to other sounds. In exact, they desire the higher pitch typical of female voices. They also are extremely observant to the human face, mainly when the face is talking. While crying is a child's main means of communication at birth, language nearly begins to develop by repetition and simulation. Between birth and three months of age, most infants attain the following abilities: identify their mother's voice, quiet down or smirk when spoken to, turn near recognizable voices and sounds, make sounds signifying pleasure, cry differently to express special needs like mumbling, giggling, crying and babbling....
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...2014 Chapter 4: Language Development 1-Explain the process of Input Modification in the Child's L-1 and how it can contribute to learning L-2. 2-Summarize each stage of First Language Development. Crying: When a baby cries, he/she is doing what they can do to communicate their needs to you in the most basic form. The cries can vary slightly to convey a number of different messages. Babbling: At the age of 5 months, babies begin to babble. This is where babies explore range of speech production, practicing using their speech organs, and controlling them via the brain. That sound that is made by a babbling is what babies imitate from what they hear from the people around them. Telegraphic Speech: It is a common stage for children in the process of acquiring language. Approximately between the ages of 18 to 24 months, the average child will start speaking in two-word sentences, which can be recognized as telegraphic speech. Most children will stop using telegraphic speech by age 3. 3-Explain Otto Jespersen's theory of how humans developed language and comment on it and relate to a view point or school of thought that was discussed in class on how language is developed. 4-Summarize "Order of Acquisition" -The stage of language development are universal and progress from the simple to the complex. However, what may be simple in one language can be complex in another language. 5-Why are children called "Sociolinguists"? -Because they alter their language to respond to...
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...day. Language development is a complex subject with varying views.This debate reflects fundamentally different beliefs about human development and is not likely to be resolved. There is however considerable agreement that the course of language development reflects the interplay of factors in at least five domains.Educators and policy-makers have often ignored schoolchildren, whose language seems to be lagging behind development in other areas, arguing that such children are “just a bit late” in talking. However language development is a vital issue which has implications on the performance of a child at school. Because of this, this essay analyses factors that affect language development. 2.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS 2.1 LANGUAGE Skinner, who was a behaviourist, defined language as the observed and produced speech that occurs in the interaction of speaker and listener. 2.2LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT According to the internet site, www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development, Language development is the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood. 3. 0 3.1 EXPOSURE TO THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Owens R. (2001), quoted Beistein in an attempt to associate the social environment to language development. The social environment refers to the environment developed by humans as contrasted with the natural environment; society as a whole, especially in its relation to the individual. The social environment influences the language development of...
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...video illustrated salient information to understand the knowledge about language development in early childhood. By introducing, communication development of children up to age five, possible supports for speech-language from pathologists and audiologists, and lastly, age-specific milestones. Communication is what we humans use in order to learn, interact with others and form relationships. As a matter of fact, from birth hearing is very critical because we learn, absorb and react in our life with it, being that, language acts like a bridge in our life that is associated with other traits. Indeed, our first five years are the most salient stages in life to build our communication skills. However, within those five years of development, each child is different so they have their own pace, for this reason, progress will always vary with speed and accomplishment. However, although each child has a unique pace, there are certain milestones in majority of the children to reach at certain ages....
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...A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LITERARY (STANDARD) LANGUAGE ( From: I.R.Galperin. Stylistics. Moscow: Higher School, 1977. pp. 41-57) Up till now we have done little more than mention the literary (standard) language, which is one of the most important notions in stylistics and general linguistics. It is now necessary to elucidate this linguistic notion by going a little deeper into what constitutes the concept and to trace the stages in the development of the English standard language. This is necessary in order to avoid occasional confusion of terms differently used in works on the history, literature and style of the English language. Confusion between the terms "literary language" and "language of literature" is frequently to be met. Literary language is a historical category. It exists as a variety of the national language.' "It must be remembered," said A. M. Gorki, "that language is the creation of the people. The division of the language into literary and vernacular only means that there are, as it were, a rough unpolished tongue and one wrought by men-of-letters."1 The literary language is that elaborated form (variety) of the national language which obeys definite morphological, phonetic, syntactical, lexical, phraseological and stylistic norms2 recognized as standard and therefore acceptable in all kinds and types of discourse. It allows modifications but within the frame work of the system of established norms. It casts out some...
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...An essay that explores the theoretical underpinning of a resource that relates to language development and its place in learning. In this essay I will be discussing the good old fashioned stick and how it can be used to support a child’s language development. I will be discussing the diversity of play through the stick and how this is supported by the curriculum and how it is also supported by theory. According to The National Toy Hall Of Fame, the stick may be the world’s oldest toy. Animals play with sticks; our dogs play fetch with them. Children have an endless source of make believe and fun with sticks. A child’s imagination can turn sticks into magic wands, fishing poles, swords, light sabres, majorette batons and ores for an imaginary boat and so on. Children cultivate their creativity and develop their imaginations when they pretend with sticks. Children build and walk with sticks, bat balls with them; they explore the outdoors as they search for the best one. Sticks promote free play, the freedom to invent and discover; they are the original building blocks for creative play. Playing with sticks encourages outside play which incorporates fresh air and exercise. Sticks are not only the oldest toys around they are simply the best. A stick can come in all shapes and sizes. They are not carefully made or presented like a manufactured resource. They are natural and rustic looking and that makes them appealing to children and wanting to engage with it. Like the old saying...
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...Mary W. Douglas January 21, 2013 Explain some forms of language assessment that you use with children? In the Montessori classroom, assessment occurs in 4 ways. * The Montessori three period lesson. * 1st Period: I (the teacher) show and name a new concept. Example: “These shapes are congruent.” * 2nd Period: I then (at a later time) ask the student to show a particular concept. Example, “Show me the congruent shapes.” * 3rd Period: Finally, I ask the student to recall the concept. Example: “What are these shapes called?” * The materials are self-correcting which shows my students when they have made a mistake so they know to go back and try again. * There is an isolation of difficulty in the lesson sequence that allows me (the teacher) and the child to assess understanding of complex processes from the beginning to the end. * Eudsoft Unit Testing. Edusoft is a Benchmark Assessment Program that East Baton Rouge Parish School System utilizes. The tests content is aligned to the Common Core State Standards. Each unit test has both multiple choice and open-ended items. How do you work to meet the language goals of all the children in your class individually? Individual learning takes place within the Montessori environment. The Montessori classroom is prepared with a wealth of materials selected and designed to meet the needs of the children individually. This allows each child to learn at their own pace. What techniques...
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...INTRODUCTION Language is the expression of common shared concepts or culture, it provides us with the linguistic categories and terms to express and evaluate the world around us, describe our emotions and formulate our ideas. The extent of language's influence on our lives helps us in our live, relationships, and other activities. Language is not just a set of words and grammatical rules, but rather extends it to non-verbal communication and the concepts and shared ideas as expressed in a particular language. It is believed that language is among the signs of Allah’s wisdom. Allah has created men in different tribes and nations with different colors and language as Allah stated in Surat Al-Hujurat (49:13) “O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.” The uniqueness of language has sparked the linguist to investigate the origin of language until present. Some researchers believe with the ideas that human acquired language naturally. Many ideas have come out to prove the origin of language. One of the famous theories that explained the origin of language is Divine Source Theory. Proponents of this theory believe that language came from a divine source. In general, this theory explained that human acquired language through a divine source or god as the first language because many...
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...The behavioral environmental language aspect is affected in numerous ways, the question that my group and I will be addressing is how does the behavioral environment affect children’s language development? We have researched a lot of studies and observed parental participation, socioeconomic status, and the available resources to children. Coupled with articles to integrate with the topic at hand. According to our text book behavior language is a complex learned skill, though many researches do not find this a creatable explanation of how children learn to speak. Strategies such as child-directed speech, recasting, expanding, and labeling are used to help a child develop their language skills. Child-directed speech involves when their parents...
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