Leading an Organization
Vroom’s expectancy theory Employees always have a tendency of working hard to attain the level the respective organizations they work for expect of them so that they give a positive and a desirable outcome. This underscores the relationship that exists between employee expectation and outcome. It therefore implies that employees have to be motivated to give the desired outcome. Effort, performance, and outcome are the three main aspects of motivation. Effort has got much to do with encouraging employees to believe that when they put concerted effort in whatever duty they do, their performance will ultimately improve (Illuminations, 2002). The performance aspect of motivation involves encouraging an organization’s employees to believe that when they perform at high level they are bound to get good reward. Finally, outcome is all about making sure that the reward given for improved performance is attractive enough. When effort, performance, and outcome are high, employee motivation will ultimately be high (Illuminations, 2002). As easy as this formula may seem to be, it is imperative that the management creates and maintains a strong link between high effort and high performance. Expectancy theory is based on myriad assumptions the first being that people join organizations with expectations about their needs, motivations, and past experiences. An individual behavior is impacted by conscious choice. People also want different things from an organization. Some people expect to be paid good salary; others want job security, while others want advancement and challenge. The fourth and final assumption is that individuals will choose among alternatives for their personal optimization of outcomes. Expectancy theory posits that individuals have varying sets of goals and can therefore be motivated if they have certain expectations.