...The impact of health and health behaviours on educational outcomes in high-income countries: a review of the evidence Marc Suhrcke, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom Carmen de Paz Nieves, Fundación Ideas, Madrid, Spain ISBN 978 92 890 0220 2 Keywords HEALTH BEHAVIOR - HEALTH STATUS - EDUCATIONAL STATUS - RISK FACTORS - SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS - REVIEW LITERATURE Suggested citation Suhrcke M, de Paz Nieves C (2011). The impact of health and health behaviours on educational outcomes in highincome countries: a review of the evidence. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe. Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning...
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...critically analyze the article “Gender Differences and similarities in the leadership styles and behavior of UK managers” by Titus Oshagbemi and Roger Gill. It was published in the “Women in Management Review” Volume 18, Number 6, 2003 pages 288-298. This report will assess whether the authors of the article “Gender Differences and similarities in the leadership styles and behavior of UK managers” have used non-biased or biased evidence and approaches to evaluate their argument.The report will comment on the author’s choices of evidence and their creditability as well as their methods of obtaining information for their argument and would recommend improvements for future articles or for other writers. The authors attempts to identify the differences and similarities between the genders, male and female, in leadership styles and behavior for managers in the United Kingdom. The authors’ argues that there are significant differences between male and female. The authors’ first identify what other researchers have found by reviewing several literatures and then proceeding to obtain their own set of statistics. The statistics where obtained through a survey done in the United Kingdom then are thoroughly analyzed quantitatively before reaching a conclusion. The majority of the literatures that the authors evaluates, only point out the positive aspects for female roles rather comparing or pointing out aspects for the male counterpart. The authors were supposed to identify the difference...
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...Gun Control Gun control and Gun right in America Throughout American history, gun control has been an issue in United States. In recent years, proponents of gun control legislation have often held that of only federal laws can be effected in United States. Although, it’s believed that in the absence of guns criminal violence would be much reduced. In reality, it’s a wrong concept. Meanwhile, most people in United States carry guns for the matter of protection. However, some argue the danger of widespread gun ownership. Many aspect of the gun control issue are best measured and sometimes can be measured through surveys. However, the accuracy of such surveys depends upon respondent providing truthful answers to questions that are sometimes controversial and potentially incriminating. In 2012, it was announced the plan on changing gun control in united states. Among the announcement, it was initiated background checks for gun sales the reinstatement and strengthening of the assault weapons, limitation ammunitions magazines to a low-round capacity, and offering more comprehensive insurance coverage for mental and health. In America the political system, gun control has been a debate for many years. However recent shootings have forced into a large spotlight. The problem that exposes gun control proponents from their opposition is the un-argued from their opposition is the language of the second amendment of the constitution. Personal Safety Top...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION This dissertation is based on a critical evaluation of training policies and procedures at The Maritime Financial Group South Branch- Training, Marketing and Sales service. This company was chosen because of its vast training of its workforce as compared to other companies within the region and always rises above other branches throughout the country annually and employs thirty five persons. This dissertation will give me the researcher the opportunity to define its objectives, compare pertinent theoretical frameworks and employ a methodology to attain the relevant information needed in order to analyze the findings and construct suitable recommendations. 1 1.1 CHOICE OF TOPIC This topic is chosen for many profound reasons. These consist of: It is a major factor in many organizations worldwide. Organizations now seek to have a well- trained workforce to gain competitive advantage in the market place and be profitable. I the researcher want to get hands-on experience in researching the topic as it is a field of interest. This will provide me with knowledge and understanding of the efficacy of training within companies. Training seems to be very dominant in many organizations. It is something that is pushing organizations upwards. Therefore the knowledge of training will be beneficial for the researcher’s future plans in becoming an entrepreneur. With established training theories, the research will experience growth in this chosen area of study...
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...Literature and the Community, How Similar They Are ENG 125: Introduction to Literature Heather AltfeldFisher July 16, 2010 Abstract Often times, art is a reflection of life as we know it. Artists are often inspired to create based on their surroundings, and life experiences. Literature can take people to places in which they never thought they could be a part of. This paper will briefly review two works of literature. We will then review how the works reflect the communities in which the stories are based on. The Lessons of Life The Lesson by Toni Cade Bambara is a novella set in the projects of New York City in the 1970’s. Sylvia is a street wise kid living in the projects being mentored by a well educated woman named Miss Moore. Sylvia seems to be proud, and smart and is acutely aware of the surrounding in which she lives in. Miss Moore is considered to be a well educated woman in the neighborhood. She feels as if she is obligated to show Sylvia, along with the other children a different way of living. Miss Moore becomes a mentor for the children and decides to take them out on an excursion. The language of the narrative lets the reader become familiar with what kind of neighborhood in which "The Lesson" is taking place. Bambara does not give details on what kind of neighborhood this is but the reader is able to get a picture...
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...majority of the literature referenced here on poverty-related issues is the primary research data sets. Included are studies and findings that surface through research of literature on specific reviews of the specified issues. The assessment of the methods of analysis used in the referenced research was rooted in peer reviews, frequency of citations, and perceived quality. For the purposes of this summary, the methods were not re-analyzed or tested. The research addressed here is focused on findings within the context of the United States. The analysis of the causes of poverty as well as research on issues that impact income, earnings and poverty can be considered determinants of poverty. The issue of employment and life experiences that put people at risk of not working or not working enough to prevent entry into poverty is strength of the economy and quality of wages. Introduction The scale and conditions of poverty make it one of the most pressing social issues facing the nation. According to the 2007 Population Report prepared by the US Census Bureau, over 36 million people in the United States are living in poverty and 54 million are at severe risk of falling into poverty.1 “The annual rate of entry into poverty for the total population of the United States has been estimated at roughly three percent per year”.2 Poverty will touch the majority of Americans at some point during adulthood. It is estimated that, on average, 60 percent of 20 year olds in America will experience...
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...English Language Learners and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Author’s name: Tran‐Hoang‐Thu indefatigable2003@yahoo.com Date: September 25th 2009 Abstract This literature review looks at the impacts of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 on English language learners (ELLs), educators and schools. A brief overview of the current state of English as a second language teaching for adult learners will first be described. Then the importance of the enactment of the NCLB of 2001 is mentioned. Both the problems and the benefits the NCLB has created for ELLs and educators and schools will be presented. This literature review shows that although the NCLB has posed challenges to ELLs, teachers, and schools, the benefits it has brought for ELLs in particular and the education system in general outweigh the problems and challenges. The NCLB Act of 2001 can be deemed as a victory for disadvantaged student groups in the United States both in terms of legal written rights to be provided with quality English language education and budget allocation. 2 The Unites States of America has not overtly or legally stated language policy but there seems to be covert and implicit language policy (Schiffman, 1998). Although many Americans believe that English is the official language of the United States of America, it is not the case because there is no indication in the U.S. constitution that gives English more privileges over other languages and no law has been made to make...
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...World Spotlight: on the International Stage in the 1920s During World War I the United States bought nearly 200,000 African-American soldiers to France. Majority of the African American soldiers were from the southern region of the United States of America. Many Blacks stayed after the war, generating a permanent Black population in France. The ending of the First World War also marked the beginning of the New Negro Movement or Harlem Renaissance in the United States. During this time African Americans emerged as talented, creative intellectuals leaving their footprint on 1920s America. While much focus of the New Negro Movement is centered in the United States, it indeed was an international affair. The purpose of this research is to examine how a number of African Americans launched their creative debut from the international stage of Paris, France. Additional focus will center on black artists turning to Africa as a source and facture in the art. Last but not least, the effort of Author Schomburg to collect and house international works about blacks will be addressed. Utterly intrigued by African Americans and thoroughly consumed with their talents, the French displayed a respect for Blacks unseen in the United States. While a great number of African-American soldiers remain in Paris, many journeyed back to the United States. Those soldiers certainly were not greeted by change. The United States remained the same racially tensed nation. If there was any change, it was the...
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...Research Problem 4 Research Questions 5 Research Aims and Objectives 5 Literature Review 6 The Trend in the Female Labor Force Participation in United States and Turkey between 1990 and 2010 6 The Economic Situations in America and Ukraine 7 The Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Economic Growth 9 Research Methodology 10 Research Design 11 Research Philosophy 11 Research Approach 11 Selecting Respondents 12 Research Ethics 12 Data Collection Instruments 13 Data Analysis 13 References 14 Introduction Labor force growth is essential because it drives the economic prosperity of a given country. The universal understanding of the labor force encompasses working people as well as those looking for employment opportunities. Most scholars portray it as a dynamic concept that is a product of the political, social and economic factors within a given country. The most predominant notion today is that changes in the labor force participation, as well as population changes, has culminated in a labor force that is more diversified. In specific, relatively more women are represented in the labor force compared to the previous centuries. The diversity in the workforce shaped the economies of developed countries such as America, and is still expected to continue its influence several years to come. It can be argued deductively that if the economy of America has grown over the same period it has experienced diversity in the labor force...
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...country the lurid details of the industry though his novel, The Jungle, a novel which changed American history. [This scathing review on the meat packing industry with socialist undertones brought an advent of great social and legal change to the United States.] With its stunning entrance into American literature in 1906, The Jungle created an uproar that has endured over a century since its publication. Upton Sinclair was an ardent proponent of socialism in America and yearned to reform the ailing country (Fogel). His novel was produced as a metaphor, comparing a jungle directly to the corrupt meat packing industry based in Chicago. Sinclair sought to expose the unknown atrocities hidden in the meat packing industry, which was not forced to obey any form of regulation (Shafer). Sinclair wrote that, “It was like some horrible crime committed in a dungeon, all unseen and unheeded, buried out of sight and of memory” (Sinclair 56). This fictional piece of literature brought America to a screeching halt. Never before had such a bold statement been made about an industry that affected almost every single American. Upton’s lurid detail in the novel caught hold, and the book soon spread like wild fire, as did Thomas Paine’s work entitled “Common Sense” in the Revolutionary time period. In such a bold fashion, Sinclair’s novel quickly called for change all over America: socially and legally. Upton Sinclair was a classic muckraker, intending to facilitate social change and achieved marked...
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...in a marketplace. These concepts are dynamic and vary from market to market. The objective of this paper is to compare and contrast the supply and demand concepts based on available scholar material. The comparison involves reviewing the literature material under the definitions of demand and supply; the relationship between supply and demand; the effect of supply and demand on the market; and the factors affecting demand and supply in the United States of America. The review uses book materials in economics including the classical economics. Definition of demand and supply The demand in economics is defined as the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at a given price during a given period of time, (Richard Ely, 1919). In economics, demand is greater than a desire to purchase. Richard argues that a beggar, for instance, may desire a good house, but due to lack of money to pay for the house, the demand becomes ineffective. Such a demand has no purchasing power. Thus, demand in a market is dependent on desire, affordability and willingness to purchase. Supply is defined as the number of goods and services that the seller is willing to sell at a given price, (Richard Ely, 1919). Richard clearly states that supply is seller-centered. Like the demand concept, supply depends on the availability of goods, the price of the goods and the willingness of the seller to sell the goods or services. Relationship between supply and demand The demand...
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...topics of the establishment of British North America, their political economic and social structures, religious and intellectual characteristics and the transition from distant citizens of Great Britain to a new American identity. It will examine changing relationships with Native Americans, development of racial slavery as a labor source, and European cultural influences on the various colonial regions. American Literature (0.5) Throughout the course of American Literature, students will be able to encounter and experience the full span of America’s rich literary history. The course begins with the literary contributions of America’s first settlers, and explores how their faith and difficult circumstances shaped their lives and the literature through which they captured these early moments of America. The course then moves through the Age of Faith, during which the core of American Literature was shaped by a strong and foundational faith, and then into the Age of Reason, during which the world of science and modern thinking started to shape the literature of the times. The study of literature then moves into the Romantic period, and then the Realist period, both of which shaped American Literature at its core and brought about significant changes to the style, structure, and purpose of literature. The introduction of Modern literature includes the literature of the early 1900s, including the Harlem Renaissance, and then Post-Modern literature brings students into the study of current...
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...determine the exact position of the bullet fragments. Forensic Radiography is quite useful in the medical profession. Understanding the right type of radiography is vital in ensuring that physicians are able to make sound decisions in treating patients with spinal injuries as a result of gunshot wounds. Background The State of Forensic Radiography in the United States. Kudlas et al. (2010) is trying to bring to light the current state of forensic radiography in the United State. The study attempts to explain the evolution of the forensic radiography in the United States. The importance of Forensic Radiography has been emphasized throughout the study through looking at different ways through which it can be applied in the medical field. Some of the areas that the forensic radiography can be used is in the field of postmortem study to identify the cause of death or injury and evaluating non-accidental injury. The study found out that the United States was behind in incorporation of forensic radiography in the medical industry as compared to countries such as Australia, Japan and some of those found in Europe. The reading made a conclusion that it is time for the United States to identify the increasing importance of forensic radiography in forensics. Lumbar Spine Trauma Imaging Nadalo and Chew (2013) conducted the study. The study aimed at emphasizing the importance of forensic radiography in the treatment of spinal injuries. The study concluded that the primary goal of a radiologist...
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...ABSTRACT Over the years racial profiling has become a significant topic especially among law enforcement agencies across the United States. Many cities and states have made a conscious effort to study racial profiling and ascertain how race and ethnicity plays a significant role in stopping vehicles by law enforcement in their jurisdictions (Cleary, 2000). This literature review will examine the argument of whether racial profiling is practiced significantly by police agencies nationwide, and whether such practices are beneficial or not? The determination of whether race is a significant factor in the likelihood of being stopped by law enforcement is the purpose of this research. Are African Americans Targeted by Police Because of Their Race? A Review of the Literature Examining whether or not African Americans are targeted by police because of their race is an effective topic because African Americans experience it every day and the experience is not a new concept. The argument over racial profiling is based on two questions. Does racial profiling actually occur and if so, is it being used as a legitimate tool by law enforcement? The extent of racial profiling by the public is unknown; however, research reveals that “both race and personal experience with racial profiling are strong predictors in the attitudes toward profiling and that, among blacks, social class affects views of the prevalence and acceptability of the practice” (Weitzer and Tuch, 2002) thus furthering...
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...What is the impact of Mexican drug cartels in the United States? Andres F Urueta Dr. Maugh LIB-495-GS001 December 5, 2014 Abstract This research paper examines the impact of Mexican drug cartels in the United States. Most Americans are not aware of how far reaching these cartels are in the United States. Their power has an influence in our government and communities. This project examines who the Mexican Drug cartels are, what their purpose is, where they have influences, and when did they start to become a problem for the United States. This paper also touches base on the impact of the drugs that are illegally brought into the United States by these cartels and their methods for justice. These cartels generate billions of dollars at the expense of Americans who become addicted to the drugs that are transported in the United states. Are these cartels a problem of the past or an indication of the future. Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literature Review Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology Chapter 4 Results of Study Chapter 5 Summary and Discussion Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 6 Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction The Mexican drug cartels have been a cancer that has grown throughout Mexico. Influenced by Colombian cartels, such as the Pablo Escobar’s Medellin Cartel. In 2008, over 5,600 people were killed in Mexico. Many of them were tortured or beheaded (Hixson, 2009). The cartels have stretched from the border town of Tijuana...
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