...considered a phenomenon. This movement started at a time when racism was still at large. African Americans had to deal with the KKK and other racial prejudices in society. The Harlem Renaissance was significant because it was the first time African Americans expressed their views on racism and their self-love for one another, using lyrical styles that was never seen before in African American writing. Two of the most prominent poets of the time were Arna Bontemps and Langston Hughes. The Harlem Renaissance happened fifty seven years after the Emancipation Proclamation. Previously, African Americans didn’t have much education or a chance to make their mark in the literary world. They didn’t have much of a chance because they were still looked upon as inferior. They were also thought not to have a distinct cultural heritage. The United States got involved in World War I in the year 1917. At that time, race riots were happening and lynchings were frequent. After World War I ended in 1918, African Americans started coming to the North hoping to escape the racist treatment in the South. Unfortunately, life in the North wasn’t that much greater. In the South, more and more race riots occurred and many black people were beaten and killed-- this was known as “Red Summer” (Anderson, pg. 196). Also, the numbers of lynchings were increasing. This is what spurred the outbreak of African American artists. They grew tired of keeping quiet and focused their emotions into their writing. “The...
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...Legal Lynching In America Rodney Hamilton HIST212 American Military University Latrese Adkins 3/23/2014 This paper will prove that in the late 1800s until the 1960s, white people used lynching as a form or terrorism designed to oppress Negros. These violent acts left Negros paralyzed in fear with hopes of preserving the white man as the dominant and superior ethnic group. Lynching kept black people terrorized and allowed white supremacy to flourish. During the reconstruction period, black people had to render the proper respect to white people or suffer severe consequences. ‘‘It was a common custom down in that country…that the Negro people more or less come to the back door when they went to see you, and take off their hat when they meet you on the street, and say, ‘Yesum, Mister…. Yes, Ma’am”. (M. A. Jackson, 1 Dec, 2005, #665) Many victims of lynching were accused of crimes that usually stemmed from false accusations and the belief that all black men fantasized about being with a white woman. This controversy led to countless rape accusations that resulted in the lynching of innocent black men. These accusations were the product of the curiosity of white women about black men and the realization that white men had been rapping black women for years. White men feared that the now free black man would take an interest in white women and white women act on their fantasies about black men. Lynching was a horrible...
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...African American Criminological Thought Book Report Sharon Francis University of Houston- Downtown This report is based upon the book African American Criminological Thought, written by Helen Taylor Greene, Shauan L Gabbion with forewords by Julius Debro. This book is published by the State University of New York and is copyrighted 2000 by Helen Taylor Greene, Shauan L Gabbion with forewords by Julius Debro. These authors are well educated and well known by many different individuals from other books that they have published. This report will show how several different scholars made and influenced the world despite of many events, these criminologist does fit into the history of events that have happened or is still happing in...
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...Women’s Roles Then and Now Kimberly Lane Dr. Ed. Yancey HUM-World Culture II November 24, 2011 Phillis Wheatley was purchased by Peter Gwinn as part of a cargo of slaves in a region his employer describes as “Sinagall,” most likely today’s Senegal. She was brought to Boston around seven years old to market of John Avery; there Mrs. Susanna Wheatley purchased the diminutive and sickly Phillis. When Phillis came to the Colonies, she did not speak any English, but she quickly learned to read and write Latin and English. John Wheatley, her master, said she was able to read the Bible fluently in sixteen months. Susanna Wheatley and her daughter Mary did not have a scholarly interest themselves but simply fostered Phillis’ interest in Alexander Pope, Milton, and Homer. Phyllis joined the Old South Meeting House in 1771, solidifying her Puritan faith. The Wheatley family took pride in their “experiment” and showed Phillis off to other prominent families in the Boston Area. Her role as a young woman in the family was complex. She had few domestic tasks, but was still the property of Mr. and Mrs. Wheatleys. She had privileges that other slaves seldom had, such as a lighted and heated room. Kenny Williams’ quotes friends of the family as saying that she “dined modestly apart from the rest of the company...where she could certainly expect neither to give nor receive offense.” Her role was unclear in the family and in society in general: “She inhabited a strange, ambiguous twilight...
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...really the true victor in the after years. ! On December of 1865 the government passed the Thirteenth Amendment to outlaw slavery. Soon after hearing about the abolishment of slavery African Americans came to the conciliation they had no where to go. They had no money, no home and place to go since they lived on the plantation and they were feed by there masters. So the same people that had were there slave owners gave them a deal they could’t refuse. They offered for them to stay on the plantation continue working and they would be able to stay in there and get feed every night. If they didn’t choose to stay they could try to make there way to somewhere else. At the same time though the government passed vacancy laws outlawing people from staying in a certain place for a long period of time. To enforce this law they hired the old slave catchers to be vacancy patrol. Then if caught for vacancy your punishment was to be sent right back to where you previously were being held as a slave. Soon following came the Fourteenth Amendment giving citizenship to African Americans through the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Three years later the Fifteenth Amendment was pasted allowing the right to vote. ! In 1872 Grant won the election as a Republican party candidate. Soon after all of the rights African American were people were receiving the KU Klux Klan was formed as a white supremacist group. They went around terrorizing Republicans to vote Democratically or not at all. (Butler Civil War...
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...After the Reconstruction era, African American gains voting rights and full citizenship. Many former slaves saw the opportunity of freedom and equality. On the contrary, African Americans lost many of the rights gained from the Reconstruction era. The Jim Crow law was a system of government racial oppression and segregation in the United States (The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow). Jim Crow was a series of strict anti-black laws, preventing blacks the right to vote, separation in public transit as well as facilities. For example, in 1905, Georgia established separate parks for blacks and whites (Pilgrim, Dr. David). Blacks were denied the right to vote by grandfather clauses, poll taxes, and literacy test. “In 1896, Louisiana had 130,334 registered...
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...Progressivism was a reformed movement in the late 1800’s to fix problems in society like child welfare, civil rights and, prohibition. -child welfare Child welfare was a reform that people didn’t see to clearly because they would leave their kids to do the work of a grown person. There were many problems with that parents would have very tired kids that have been working all day which cause them to miss school and other kid things. A few people and places that helped make this better were Lillian Wald on Henry street settlement in New York. The federal children’s boreal helped keep the children out of these sweat shops. -Prohibition Alcohol was a major part of woman getting beaten up by there husbands. The woman’s christen temperance union (wctu) were one of the main people to help stop the sell buy and producing of alcoholic beverages. Frances Willard was the head of the wctu from 1879 to 1898 which made the wctu force for temperance and for the rights of women -civil rights Many people were not allowed there rights such as being a girl and being able to work. African Americans fought for some of the same rights as white people such as ending poverty expanding child welfare. The national association of colored women was one of the largest organizations of African American women which were founded in 1896. By the 1916s the organization had more than 100,000 members and campaigned against poverty and segregation and, lynching. To conclude my presentation of one of...
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...The Eastern Shore has multiple counties within it. Its county is unique and has had a very unique slave journey. Wicomico County, Kent County, Worcester County, Dorchester County, and Caroline County are some counties that are on the Eastern Shore they all are unique and have all experienced slavery some worse than others. These counties have their own heritage, important African American people, and towns and villages that has meant something in African American history. Wicomico County is one of the counties. Slaves in Wicomico County undoubtedly contained many “stations” on the underground railway used by slaves on their way to freedom. Many African American families have huge reputations here. There weren’t many important people there...
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...Page 1 Soc 3 Throughout the 1900’s, the nature of the city/urban neighborhood has become dramatically different. As the decades went by, many changes have occurred in the racial and wealth aspects of the communities in these cities. Racial aspects include The Great Migration, which was an extreme relocation of many African-Americans from southern states, such as Alabama, Louisiana, and Misssisssippi, to northern cities, such as Cleveland, Boston, Baltimore, and New York City. Gentrification, which is the upscaling of a neighborhood, is another factor, one of which that is fueled by an inflow of investment in a particular area. The Great Migration took place in the 1900’s, between 1910 to around 1970. An estimated six million African-Americans moved from southern states into the North and Midwest cities. Some historians differentiate between a Great Migration (1910–30), numbering about 1.6 million migrants, and a Second Great Migration (1940 to 1970), in which 5 million or more people moved and to a wider variety of destinations. This was mostly brought on by the continuous violence against blacks in the south. Even though they were free and segregation laws were passed, they were still denied many opportunities that whites were entitled to. For example, the right to vote and own homes. The number of blacks lynched rose significantly due to the passing of the Jim Crow laws. The south was not a place the blacks wanted to raise a 2 family. The...
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...The Great Migration was the relocation of African Americans from the South to mostly the North. From 1915 to 1918, roughly seven hundred thousand African Americans moved in hopes for a better life. There are many reasons why African Americans migrated from the South to the North in large numbers. Because of the Great Migration, African Americans experience some positive and negative realities once they move North. Moreover, the Great Migration has a drastic effect on the entire country as a whole and to the black population. In the South, colored people were placed into harsh environments. African Americans would work long, hard hours tending to fields and/or cooking and caring for their owner’s family for the return of the basic necessities...
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... Between 1880 and 1920, roughly 25 million people came to the United States. America promised economic opportunity and freedom. Many came planning to only stay long enough to acquire money to have a better life in Europe. Many of these immigrants made their way to the Midwest and Northeast to work. American had a tight labor market and many immigrants had limited knowledge of English, education, and work skills. They faced discrimination in the work place from workers who didn’t care for the immigrants need to accept lower wages and work in horrible conditions. The Chinese were one of the groups that faced discrimination to the point they were taxed to mine for gold during the Gold Rush. The tax was specifically for any “foreign miners” (Schultz, 2013). The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prevented the Chinese from becoming citizens and migrating for 10 years. Indians were persecuted as outsiders, they suffered from racism. The violence between the Indians and white Americans increased during the Civil War. There were several Indian wars that occurred in the 1800’s. Urbanization of the west began to take place and the Indian Removal Act was passed, furthering the Native Americans struggle for domination. New Urban areas started sprouting up and cities growing with factories, mills, and other...
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...given their freedom, but the action to reconstructing the South in the time frame of the Reconstruction period of 1865-1877 had introduced a new set of remarkable challenges. When the President Andrew Johnson was in office in the years of 1865 and 1866, new southern state legislatures had passed a very strict set of “black codes” to control the work labor and behavior of former slaves and other blacks. During this time of the Radical Reconstruction, which had started in 1867, the newly liberated black people gained a voice for the very first time in American history, winning the election to southern state legislatures and even to the U.S. Congress. In less than a ten-year mark, however, conservative forces–including the KKK–would reverse the changes by Radical Reconstruction with a violent repercussion that had restored white supremacy in the South. Lynchings in the United States were raised after the American Civil War in the late 1800s, following the emancipation of slaves; they declined after 1930 but were recorded into the 1960s. After...
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...most diverse and wealthiest countries in the world. Although the United States is wealthy, not all individuals have benefited from that wealth. Throughout society, African American communities have become marginalized, with areas of poverty, high crime rates, discrimination and few opportunities for advancement. These areas are often locations where racial and cultural minorities live. Racial disparities exist within the criminal justice system and have shown many problems of inequality between the white and black race. In addition to having inequality within the criminal justice system, the criminals also have impacted their family members in different ways due to being incarcerated. The media has misrepresented African Americans by emphasizing African Americans participating in crimes while ignoring crimes committed by whites. People in society are assuming that only black people commit crimes, which is unfair because the incidences of people committing crimes are about equal between the races. Racial disparity favors white people over black people in the criminal justice system. Therefore, society must reevaluate the way society portrays who commits crimes, and where they are committed. Throughout many decades of history, black people had been discriminated against and treated as second class citizens in American society, even though they participated equally in the workforce. Discrimination has happened from slavery until present times. For example, during the 17th century...
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...HIS 300---African American History FINAL EXAMINATION ❖ Utilizing your notes, returned quizzes, doc sharing, webliography and textbook, respond to the following in SHORT ANSWER (few sentences to one paragraph, depending on nature of question). ❖ Answer ONLY ONE QUESTION FROM EACH CHAPTER. ❖ The TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS ANSWERED IS 13 (THIRTEEN). ❖ Maximum points granted to those responses that provide “specific references” and cite respective sources. ❖ 15 (Fifteen Points a Piece) + 5 (Five) free = 200 points. Chapter 10: • How and why did southern and northern white people differ over slavery? On what did white people of both regions agree and disagree about race and slavery? • Why did seven southern states secede from the Union within three months after Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860? • If you were either a slave or free, would you have welcomed the secession of the southern states? How might secession affect the future of your people? Chapter 11: • What did black men and women contribute to the Union war effort? Was it in their interests to participate in the Civil War? Why or why not? • What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? Why was it issued? Exactly what did it accomplish? • Why did at least some blacks support the southern states and the Confederacy during the Civil War? Chapter 12: • What did the former slaves and the former slaveholders want after emancipation...
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...However through the turmoil of the Women’s Movement, new leaders began to emerge. After reading Ida B. Wells “The Southern Horrors" one sees the effect that her words had on shaping our country during the critical time of reconstruction. Slavery no longer existed in the south and African Americans were supposed to be equal citizens. However, they faced one of the cruelest practices any race has faced in America. Lynching and mob violence came into practice by white southerners after slavery had ended. Wells picked up her pen and began to show the world the true southern horrors that she and her people faced every day. The main justification for mob violence and lynching was to protect the white women's virtue. If they had any suspicion to believe that an African American man was with a white woman, they would not hesitate to lynch them or carry out violent mob action against them. “The miscegenation laws of the South only operate against the legitimate union of the races; they leave the white man free to seduce all the colored girls he can, but it is death to the colored man who yields to the force and advances of a similar attraction in white women. White men lynch the offending Afro-American, not...
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