...Legal Lynching In America Rodney Hamilton HIST212 American Military University Latrese Adkins 3/23/2014 This paper will prove that in the late 1800s until the 1960s, white people used lynching as a form or terrorism designed to oppress Negros. These violent acts left Negros paralyzed in fear with hopes of preserving the white man as the dominant and superior ethnic group. Lynching kept black people terrorized and allowed white supremacy to flourish. During the reconstruction period, black people had to render the proper respect to white people or suffer severe consequences. ‘‘It was a common custom down in that country…that the Negro people more or less come to the back door when they went to see you, and take off their hat when they meet you on the street, and say, ‘Yesum, Mister…. Yes, Ma’am”. (M. A. Jackson, 1 Dec, 2005, #665) Many victims of lynching were accused of crimes that usually stemmed from false accusations and the belief that all black men fantasized about being with a white woman. This controversy led to countless rape accusations that resulted in the lynching of innocent black men. These accusations were the product of the curiosity of white women about black men and the realization that white men had been rapping black women for years. White men feared that the now free black man would take an interest in white women and white women act on their fantasies about black men. Lynching was a horrible...
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...Unjust Justice: The Reasons behind Uncivil Acts of Violence Justified violence. The very words themselves conjure up images of righteous, justified acts, picture your stereotypical law enforcement officer taking down a violent criminal, or military personnel firing upon insurgents and terrorists. These are the prototypical acts that we imagine upon encountering the idea of ‘justified violence’. But when one takes a different perspective on the malleable definition of what constitutes an act of violence being ‘justified’, a fine line is often crossed over legality of the violence that ensues. “Uncivil disobedients” is a term coined by scholar Jennet Kirkpatrick in her book Uncivil Disobedience: Studies in Violence and Democratic Politics, describing these ‘disobedients’ as citizens that break the law because of their belief that their violence is truly done because they believe their efforts are honorable and justified, despite issues of legality or immorality as perceived by others (13). Thus a complex relationship arises between these uncivil disobedients and the law and the treading of the fine line between what is legal and illegal with their actions. Kirkpatrick provides numerous examples of these disobedients, namely western frontier vigilantes and southern lynch mobs. What these unique groups had, despite having varying agendas, was a similar mindset in accomplishing their goals, using violence to meet their demands, often times going above and beyond the grasp of...
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...different person giving a brief autobiography of them and all of their major individual contributions that led to being the scholar that they are today and how they influenced the African American criminology history and the references used to educate others about the individuals. Many of the issues spoken of in this book consisted of the many things that all he individuals may have assisted in, such as lynching, the criminal justice system, killing, crimes against females, negligence, violence, community policing, the black national monument paradigm, and, of progress, explaining of criminality. Criminologist After reading this book I found that Ida B. Wells-Barnett history of events made a major impact throughout the world in the late 1800 and early 1900s, making great contributions to the progress made within criminology. There are many traits and events that are very significant about Ms. Ida B. Wells-Barnett in, which made her a unique woman destroying mobs when it came to campaigning through journalism. For the most part when it came to civil rights, racism and lynching back in those times during the civil rights movement, she strived to make a difference. She was known for being heard and not staying quiet about much need changes that needed to be done to make a difference in the world. Ms. Wells-Barnett was born in 1862 to two slave parents and was the oldest out of seven siblings in the state of Mississippi. During the time that she was born Abraham Lincoln had just passed...
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...Progressivism was a reformed movement in the late 1800’s to fix problems in society like child welfare, civil rights and, prohibition. -child welfare Child welfare was a reform that people didn’t see to clearly because they would leave their kids to do the work of a grown person. There were many problems with that parents would have very tired kids that have been working all day which cause them to miss school and other kid things. A few people and places that helped make this better were Lillian Wald on Henry street settlement in New York. The federal children’s boreal helped keep the children out of these sweat shops. -Prohibition Alcohol was a major part of woman getting beaten up by there husbands. The woman’s christen temperance union (wctu) were one of the main people to help stop the sell buy and producing of alcoholic beverages. Frances Willard was the head of the wctu from 1879 to 1898 which made the wctu force for temperance and for the rights of women -civil rights Many people were not allowed there rights such as being a girl and being able to work. African Americans fought for some of the same rights as white people such as ending poverty expanding child welfare. The national association of colored women was one of the largest organizations of African American women which were founded in 1896. By the 1916s the organization had more than 100,000 members and campaigned against poverty and segregation and, lynching. To conclude my presentation of one...
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...On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrenders to the Union forces at Pittsburgh, Virginia. Then on April 9, 1865 the two commanders meet to discus the terms of surrender. The terms were set so that the south could’t break away from the Union again. Even though the Union won the battle the the Confederate army was really the true victor in the after years. ! On December of 1865 the government passed the Thirteenth Amendment to outlaw slavery. Soon after hearing about the abolishment of slavery African Americans came to the conciliation they had no where to go. They had no money, no home and place to go since they lived on the plantation and they were feed by there masters. So the same people that had were there slave owners gave them a deal they could’t refuse. They offered for them to stay on the plantation continue working and they would be able to stay in there and get feed every night. If they didn’t choose to stay they could try to make there way to somewhere else. At the same time though the government passed vacancy laws outlawing people from staying in a certain place for a long period of time. To enforce this law they hired the old slave catchers to be vacancy patrol. Then if caught for vacancy your punishment was to be sent right back to where you previously were being held as a slave. Soon following came the Fourteenth Amendment giving citizenship to African Americans through the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Three years later the Fifteenth Amendment was pasted...
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...allowed to privatize incarceration in their individual states? According to theologian James Crone and legal scholar Michelle Alexander, what are the socio-cultural ramifications of such actions? Back in the late 1800’s blacks were dehumanized and were made a mockery. James Crone, in his book, talks about how blacks or people of color would be lynched or would be threatened to be lynched just for walking the wrong way or giving a wrong look. The superior whites would hold events to watch a black man be hung and burned. Thousands of whites would attend including men, women, and children. Crone called it a family affair. Children would collect chopped off body parts as souvenirs and postcards would be made from pictures of the burning human and sent to relatives with quotes such as “this was our barbeque last night.” It was unjust to treat any human being that way let alone to treat just one race that way because they looked different. Mobs of white Americans would stop a black person and use violence on them just because they could and they knew they would get away with it. Lynchers were always mysteriously unknown to churches and police authority but very well known in the media. Whites turned the other way when it came to a black person back then. The lynching tree represented white power and “black death”. The only thing the Americans of color relied on was their faith. They knew that their faith was the only thing that a white person could not take away from them. They...
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...After the Reconstruction era, African American gains voting rights and full citizenship. Many former slaves saw the opportunity of freedom and equality. On the contrary, African Americans lost many of the rights gained from the Reconstruction era. The Jim Crow law was a system of government racial oppression and segregation in the United States (The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow). Jim Crow was a series of strict anti-black laws, preventing blacks the right to vote, separation in public transit as well as facilities. For example, in 1905, Georgia established separate parks for blacks and whites (Pilgrim, Dr. David). Blacks were denied the right to vote by grandfather clauses, poll taxes, and literacy test. “In 1896, Louisiana had 130,334 registered...
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...James Baldwin speaks about the racial profiling in with the law enforcement in The Fire Next Time. “…two policemen amused themselves with me by frisking me, making comic (and terrifying) speculations concerning my ancestry and probable sexual powers, and for good measure, leaving me flat on my back in one of Harlem’s empty lots.” A minority is seemed to be inferior, whites wanted to keep blacks in awe; to keep them under and in control and would go to great lengths to keep it that way. When lynching was at a high point in the late 1800’s blacks would be the main target, often the case was rape and that was only because white supremacist needed a valid reason as to why they should lynch black and even though majority of time rape was not the reason, they did it anyways. Ida B. Wells recalls in her magazine Our Day about how three black men were lynched because of their success and those who were white who were jealous of their success and placed a halt on...
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...remarkable challenges. When the President Andrew Johnson was in office in the years of 1865 and 1866, new southern state legislatures had passed a very strict set of “black codes” to control the work labor and behavior of former slaves and other blacks. During this time of the Radical Reconstruction, which had started in 1867, the newly liberated black people gained a voice for the very first time in American history, winning the election to southern state legislatures and even to the U.S. Congress. In less than a ten-year mark, however, conservative forces–including the KKK–would reverse the changes by Radical Reconstruction with a violent repercussion that had restored white supremacy in the South. Lynchings in the United States were raised after the American Civil War in the late 1800s, following the emancipation of slaves; they declined after 1930 but were recorded into the 1960s. After...
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...Page 1 Soc 3 Throughout the 1900’s, the nature of the city/urban neighborhood has become dramatically different. As the decades went by, many changes have occurred in the racial and wealth aspects of the communities in these cities. Racial aspects include The Great Migration, which was an extreme relocation of many African-Americans from southern states, such as Alabama, Louisiana, and Misssisssippi, to northern cities, such as Cleveland, Boston, Baltimore, and New York City. Gentrification, which is the upscaling of a neighborhood, is another factor, one of which that is fueled by an inflow of investment in a particular area. The Great Migration took place in the 1900’s, between 1910 to around 1970. An estimated six million African-Americans moved from southern states into the North and Midwest cities. Some historians differentiate between a Great Migration (1910–30), numbering about 1.6 million migrants, and a Second Great Migration (1940 to 1970), in which 5 million or more people moved and to a wider variety of destinations. This was mostly brought on by the continuous violence against blacks in the south. Even though they were free and segregation laws were passed, they were still denied many opportunities that whites were entitled to. For example, the right to vote and own homes. The number of blacks lynched rose significantly due to the passing of the Jim Crow laws. The south was not a place the blacks wanted to raise a 2 family. The...
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...HIS 300---African American History FINAL EXAMINATION ❖ Utilizing your notes, returned quizzes, doc sharing, webliography and textbook, respond to the following in SHORT ANSWER (few sentences to one paragraph, depending on nature of question). ❖ Answer ONLY ONE QUESTION FROM EACH CHAPTER. ❖ The TOTAL NUMBER OF QUESTIONS ANSWERED IS 13 (THIRTEEN). ❖ Maximum points granted to those responses that provide “specific references” and cite respective sources. ❖ 15 (Fifteen Points a Piece) + 5 (Five) free = 200 points. Chapter 10: • How and why did southern and northern white people differ over slavery? On what did white people of both regions agree and disagree about race and slavery? • Why did seven southern states secede from the Union within three months after Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860? • If you were either a slave or free, would you have welcomed the secession of the southern states? How might secession affect the future of your people? Chapter 11: • What did black men and women contribute to the Union war effort? Was it in their interests to participate in the Civil War? Why or why not? • What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? Why was it issued? Exactly what did it accomplish? • Why did at least some blacks support the southern states and the Confederacy during the Civil War? Chapter 12: • What did the former slaves and the former slaveholders want after emancipation...
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...HISTORY 1500 WINTER 2014 RESEARCH ESSAY TOPICS 1. Select a crusade and discuss the extent to which it accomplished its objectives. Why did it succeed or fail? Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History; Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives; Christopher Tyerman, God’s War: A New History of the Crusades 2. How did anti-Semitism manifest itself in medieval Europe? Kenneth R. Stow, Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe; Mark R. Cohen, Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages; Solomon Grayzel, The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century 3. What was the position of prostitutes in medieval society? Ruth Mazo Karras, Common Women; Leah Otis, Prostitution in Medieval Society; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 4. Why did the French choose to follow Joan of Arc during the the Hundred Years War? Kelly DeVries, Joan of Arc: A Military Leader; Bonnie Wheeler, ed., Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc; Margaret Wade Labarge, A Small Sound of the Trumpet: Women in Medieval Life 5. Discuss the significance of siege warfare during the crusades. You may narrow this question down to a single crusade if you wish. Jim Bradbury, The Medieval Siege; Randall Rogers, Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century; John France, Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade 6. Why did the persecution...
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...get back to the topic. Berlin is a Historical town in Worcester County that was founded in the 1790s. Lynching’s occurred here in the 1930s when black populations would be segregated from the whites for another 40 years. A popular lynching case in Berlin was the case of Orphan Jones who was an African American worker that Brutally murdered a Berlin famer, his wife, and their two teenage daughters(“Worcester”). Dorchester County which is a popular county on the Eastern Shore because of the accomplishments of Harriet Tubman. Cambridge a sleepy Maryland town. African American history is this town which is the main town in this county was never noted. Harriet Tubman was born into Maryland slavery in 1820s(“Biography”). she escaped to freedom in the North in 1849 and became a famous conductor on the underground railroad. Harriet Tubman became a leading abolitionist she led hundreds of enslaved people to freedom (“Flight to freedom”). Overcoming slavery in Dorchester County without the help of Harriet would have become difficult because back then she was the one brave enough to attempt escaping. Once she discovered the underground railroad the first thing she went back for was her family. After Harriet Tubman freed so many slaves in the mid to late 1800s half of Dorchester’s black population was free. Caroline County has very little history, slim to none. Slavery was not seen here much because Dorchester County was combined with Caroline County and it was apart of the major turning...
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...From 1915 to 1918, roughly seven hundred thousand African Americans moved in hopes for a better life. There are many reasons why African Americans migrated from the South to the North in large numbers. Because of the Great Migration, African Americans experience some positive and negative realities once they move North. Moreover, the Great Migration has a drastic effect on the entire country as a whole and to the black population. In the South, colored people were placed into harsh environments. African Americans would work long, hard hours tending to fields and/or cooking and caring for their owner’s family for the return of the basic necessities of life. Along with these working conditions, Jim Crow laws were set into place in the late 1800s. African Americans were isolated from white southerners under the Jim Crow System. These conditions caused, “the destruction of Negroes’ political rights, the curtailment of his civil rights, the lack of protection of life, liberty and property, and low wages” (The Migration of Negroes, 47). Many buildings, including libraries and schools, were strictly for whites; therefore, blacks were not allowed to receive an education. Despite the way blacks were treated, a number of incidents arose across the country driving colored people to move. For instance in parts of Mississippi and Alabama, a flood occurred which washed away the crops and allowing no work to be available. More waves of job loss began because of the boll weevil eating away...
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...jesse perez 1.1 Converging Cultures Area 1 investigates how social orders in North America have changed over the long run and how European provinces created. A huge number of years before Christopher Columbus and other European wayfarers set foot in America, Native Americans started planting and raising products. When of Columbus started his voyages in the late fifteenth century, an extensive variety of developments and dialects existed in North America. When wayfarers discovered that Columbus had come to new grounds, other European investigations started to scan for new domain. New pioneers hoped to subjugated Africans to help ranch. The brutal treatment of the Africans was a sharp difference to the lives of the advantaged. While subjugated...
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