...AS Level Module 2 Information: Management and Manipulation Lecture One 11.1 Data Capture Lecturer: Deepak Gautam Email: gautamd@wolverhamptoncollege.ac.uk Room: 120, Wulfrun Campus Telephone: 01902 821133 Overview of Data Capture The process of collecting data in a form suitable for use in an information system is termed data capture. For example, before an electricity board can charge a customer for the use of electricity, the customer’s meter must be read and recorded, or captured, on a suitable form. The data must then be transferred into the computer system by means of an input device appropriate to the method of data capture. Sometimes the data capture form is directly readable by an input device, as, for example, in the case of mark sensitive forms which can be read by optical mark readers (OMRs). On other occasions, the data on the form must be first transferred to a suitable medium by a data entry person using a key-to-storage device. Sometimes the data to be captured is pre-recorded on an item to be sold, as with bar codes, so that a data recording form is not required at all, but in many instances, some sort of data capture form is required. The design of such forms is of great importance, since the clearer and more concise the form, the less chance there is of inaccurate data being recorded. Frequently it is necessary to use questionnaires or observation sheets to collect data for statistical...
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...Automated Attendance Tracking System A card reader is an automated system that collects class attendance by students swiping their DeVry ID cards for every scheduled lecture and lab session. The card readers are conveniently located in each classroom and lab. Additional individual instructor policies for determining tardiness and absence are outlined in course syllabi. Remember to swipe your card for every class you attend. Many students have shown absences (especially in labs) for classes that they have been attending because they have forgotten to swipe. Please remember to swipe your card for lecture and lab attendance. If you forget to swipe your card, you may request that your instructor submit an 'Attendance Revision Form' to update your attendance. Check with your instructors (or course syllabus) to find out whether or not their attendance recording policy will allow for modifications after the class session has been conducted. Please do not get into the habit of swiping more than one card. It is in your own best interest to be the one in control of your ID card and your attendance record. Swiping your classmates' cards can be considered a violation of Article III of the student code of conduct and is subject to the disciplinary actions outlined in Article V of the Student Handbook. Students are not allowed to use an instructor's ID code or card to record attendance for a class. This is for your protection. If the instructor is running late, please wait for the instructor...
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...Magnetic Swipe Card System Security A case study of the University of Maryland, College Park Daniel Ramsbrock dramsbro@umd.edu Stepan Moskovchenko stevenm86@gmail.com Christopher Conroy cconroy@gmail.com Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive security analysis of the Lenel magnetic swipe card system used at the University of Maryland at College Park. We first explore the cards and hardware components which comprise the system, and then present several plausible points and methods of attack on the system. We chose several of these attacks and demonstrated them using a $240 commercial card reader/writer and a customized unit powered by a microcontroller, which cost about $20 in parts. We developed the capability to read cards, write arbitrary data to cards, simulate card swipes through a reader using a flux reversal pattern generator, and “sniff” data from up to 16 live swipes using a single microcontroller which can be easily hidden in the reader's housing. We tested and successfully demonstrated these capabilities on the live Lenel system under the supervision of the university's Department of Public Safety. Based on our findings, we recommend that the university use neither social security nor university ID numbers on the cards, that it use magnetic card access only in low-security areas, and that it use a more sophisticated and secure system such as proximity smart cards for access to high-security areas. While the analysis and recommendations presented in...
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... A system that allows a person to pay for goods or services by transmitting a number from one computer to another. Like the serial numbers on real dollar bills, the digital cash numbers are unique. Each one is issued by a bank and represents a specified sum of real money. One of the key features of digital cash is that, like real cash, it is anonymous and reusable. That is, when a digital cash amount is sent from a buyer to a vendor, there is no way to obtain information about the buyer. This is one of the key differences between digital cash and credit card systems. Another key difference is that a digital cash certificate can be reused. 2- Briefly explain ActiveX Control ActiveX control is a control using Microsoft ActiveX technologies. An ActiveX control can be automatically downloaded and executed by a Web browser. ActiveX is not a programming language, but rather a set of rules for how applications should share information. Programmers can develop ActiveX controls in a variety of languages, including C, C++, Visual Basic, and Java. An ActiveX control is similar to a Java applet. Unlike Java applets, however, ActiveX controls have full access to the Windows operating system. This gives them much more power than Java applets, but with this power comes a certain risk that the applet may damage software or data on your machine. To control this risk, Microsoft developed a registration system so that browsers can identify and authenticate an ActiveX control...
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...Magnetic Swipe Card System Security Magnetic Swipe Card System Security A case study of the University of Maryland, College Park Daniel Ramsbrock dramsbro@umd.edu Stepan Moskovchenko stevenm86@gmail.com Christopher Conroy cconroy@gmail.com Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive security analysis of the Lenel magnetic swipe card system used at the University of Maryland at College Park. We first explore the cards and hardware components which comprise the system, and then present several plausible points and methods of attack on the system. We chose several of these attacks and demonstrated them using a $240 commercial card reader/writer and a customized unit powered by a microcontroller, which cost about $20 in parts. We developed the capability to read cards, write arbitrary data to cards, simulate card swipes through a reader using a flux reversal pattern generator, and “sniff” data from up to 16 live swipes using a single microcontroller which can be easily hidden in the reader's housing. We tested and successfully demonstrated these capabilities on the live Lenel system under the supervision of the university's Department of Public Safety. Based on our findings, we recommend that the university use neither social security nor university ID numbers on the cards, that it use magnetic card access only in low-security areas, and that it use a more sophisticated and secure system such as proximity smart cards for access to high-security areas. While the...
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...Assignment 1 Solution 1. Compare and contrast symmetric encryption with public-key encryption, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. Solution Scalability: with public-key encryption, multiple users can send encrypted messages to Alice using her public key and these messages can be decrypted only by Alice; thus, a linear number of publicprivate key pairs need to be established, distributed and protected to allow pairwise confidential communication between any two users; instead, symmetric encryption requires a quadratic number of secret keys. Efficiency: existing symmetric encryption methods are much faster and use much shorter keys than existing public-key encryption methods. Usability: symmetric-key encryption is easier to understand by a non-expert than public-key encryption. 2. Give an example of the false sense of security that can come from using the “security by obscurity" approach. Solution There are many examples. One possibility would be to use a weak encryption algorithm, like the Caesar cipher and try to keep secret the type of algorithm that you are using, in addition to keeping the key secret. The problem with this approach is that if someone guesses you are using such an algorithm or is able to reverse engineering your software, then they will discover your algorithm. From there it is a simple matter to break your weak encryption scheme. 3. Benny is a thief who tried to break into an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) using a screwdriver, but was only...
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...b/ Summary of the Export Project Mulann Ingénérie is a company which deals with the digital security industry. Providing and designing tests machines devices for their clients. Those clients are the manufacturers of smart cards, laboratories or even state and governmental agencies which are willing to control the production, the quality and the efficiency of digital means. Mulann Ingénérie provides too means to control tickets made with chipset, magnetic stripes or wireless devices. Their focus is to offer and assure controls with a real quality and to offer maintenance services and technical assistance. So the company can propose the best and trustworthy experience for their customers. At this moment Mulann Ingénérie is looking forward to expend on the US market and maybe later, if the experiment is successful, to the Asian market. But the will to develop is not always enough. This is why we will discuss in our Export Diagnosis about what are the possibilities, the downsides and the benefits of such a decision and how it is possible for the company to evolve and enter the US market. The Mulann Ingénérie Company is part of the Sadahé group, which includes five others companies sharing skills in electrical, mechanical and software engineering. Indeed a company of four employees alone does not attract so much potential customers. This is why the Sadahé group gives to Mulann Ingénérie an opportunity to have a bigger impact on the market place as this group is composed of 60...
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...Topic : CREDIT CARD FRAUDS Problem Statement : Analyse the effect of credit card frauds in today’s era of globalization Hyphothesis : Credit card fraud could damage the economy in the long run Research questions : 1)What are the different types of frauds 2)How fraudsters attempt to take advantage of loopholes 3)What are the impact of credit card fraud on card holders, merchants, issuers INTRODUCTION As for in today’s business environment, Credit Card Fraud has became one of the biggest threats to business establishments t. However, to fight the fraud effectively, it is important to first understand the mechanisms of executing a fraud. Credit card fraudsters employ a large number of techniques to commit fraud. In simple terms, Credit Card Fraud is defined as: When an individual uses another individuals’ credit card for personal reasons while the owner of the card and the card issuer are not aware of the fact that the card is being used. Further, the individual using the card has no connection with the cardholder or issuer, and has no intention of either contacting the owner of the card or making repayments for the purchases made. Credit card frauds are committed in the following ways: * An act of criminal deception (mislead with intent) by use of unauthorized account and/or personal information * Illegal or unauthorized use of account for personal gain * Misrepresentation of account information to obtain goods and/or services...
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...mandated adoption of the Europay, MasterCard, Visa (EMV) standard is futile of addressing the critical deficiencies of the de facto requirements, by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC), protecting sensitive data in memory, transit or at rest. Therefore, PCI key players: such as cardholders, merchants, acquirers, and issuers alike must continue to stay vigilant of the risk by threat agents attempting to exploit vulnerabilities in the payment processing system in order to extract unauthorized sensitive data or information. First, EMV is a two decade old technology standard that originated in Europe in the early 1980’s. Its primary objective is to address fraud that results from extracting card issuer and cardholder data that is encoded on a magnetic stripe (Track1 and Track 2) on the backside of debit and credit payment cards. Second, while it can be argued that the EMV technology standard has its pros, such as providing a single payment card a mechanism to sustain multiple applications. The implementation of the EMV standard does not address many of the critical issues or methods used to extract Track 1 and Track 2 data in the card payment transaction stages. Such as, vulnerabilities in payment applications and devices or encryption methods of data in memory, transit, or at rest. Lastly, the implementation of the EMV standard comes at a cost to all the key players mentioned above. For example, debit cardholders will no longer be required to enter a Personal...
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...into a form the computer can process -Optical Readers- a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, codes and then converts them into digital data that the computer can process -OCR (Optical Character Recognition) Devices- devices that usually include a small optical scanner for reading characters and sophisticated software to analyze what is read -OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) Devices- devices that read hand-drawn marks, such as small circles or rectangles -Bar Code Readers- An input device that uses laser beams to read barcodes on products -RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) Readers- technology that uses radio signals to communicate what a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal or a person -Magstripe (Magnetic Stripe Card) Readers- Reading devices that reads the magnetic stripe, and the...
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...Disk: It was originally designed for large-scale systems, as a more efficient form factor for IBM's System/370 mainframe data loads The Social Security System: In the midst of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act, the Company provided more than 400 punch card tabulating machines to establish records for 26 million workers. The Apollo Missions: IBM has taken part in every US manned space effort in history, working on systems for Mercury, Gemini-Titan and Apollo-Saturn missions, and for the historic 1969 Apollo 11 mission to the Moon Silicon Germanium Chips: In 1994, IBM Research patented a method for making low-cost semiconductor chips from Silicon Germanium Magnetic Tape Storage: Inspired in part by Bing Crosby’s pioneering use of magnetic tape to record his radio shows, IBM engineers started experimenting with tape as a data storage successor to the punched card High Temperature Superconductors: In 1986, Georg Bednorz and Alex Müller were working with...
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...“Volcanic and seismic events are major pieces of evidence towards proving that plate tectonics theory is valid”. Discuss the extent to which you agree with this statement. Plate tectonics is the theory that suggests that the Lithosphere is separated up into approximately twelve plates that can be moved around via convection currents, changing the land and sea formations across the globe. Since interest began during the early 20th century a variety of propositions have been put forward to suggest the existence of plate tectonics. The most prominent of these theories is the existence of seismic waves and volcanic activity, especially the location and distribution of these. Along with these theories is the discovery of fossils and their locations across the globe, as well as the shape of the existing continents and the “jigsaw” theory. During the 17th century Francis Bacon noted that the West coast of Africa and Europe coincidentally looked as though they would fit with the East coast of the Americas. However, Bacon had little evidence for this theory, meaning it was swiftly forgotten. During the 1920’s, Alfred Wegner, proposed that the formation of the continents today has occurred via continental drift. However, Wegner goes on to suggest that 300 million years ago there was a single landmass, commonly known as Pangaea, as shown in Figure 1.1. Pangaea was one supercontinent that existed during the late Palaeozoic and carrying on into the early Mesozoic eras. It consisted of...
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...University of La Verne La Verne, California The Age of the Mobile Wallet A Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for BUS500F: Business Marketing College of Business and Public Management Department of Marketing September 2015 Trend Identification: Today's digital technology is constantly evolving. A significant and popular financial trend that has taken over society is the use of Mobile Wallets. This technology allows you to pay for a product or service, using an application from your mobile phone at a Near Field Communication (NFC) reader. When the phone is held to the NFC, it will vibrate or beep to confirm payment. Customers have no need to carry cash, checks, or credit cards when there are apps such as Apple Pay that link directly to your bank account. Sounds easy enough, right? Many concerns from consumers and producers will arise from this Mobile Wallet. The most important being identity and financial fraud. I believe this new technology will affect all aspects of the market from production, to the final product, and certainly consumers. The way we pay for products and services has changed, leaving a decline in the need for physical currency. Will hard cash become obsolete? Or is this revolutionary trend just another fad? [pic][pic] According to Trendwatching.com, "Apple Pay saw 1 million cards registered in its first three days after launch. And by 2017, there are forecasted...
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...screwdriver, but was only able to break five different keys on the numeric keypad and jam the card reader, at which point he heard Alice coming, so he hid. Alice walked up, put in her ATM card, successfully entered her 4-digit PIN, and took some cash. But she was not able to get her card back, so she drove off to find help. Benny then went back to the ATM, and started entering numbers to try to discover Alice's PIN and steal money from her account. What is the worst-case number of PINs that Benny has to enter before correctly discovering Alice's PIN? Question 3 A bank wants to store the account number of its customers (an 8-digit number) in encrypted form on magnetic stripe ATM cards. Discuss the security of the following methods for storing the account number against an attacker who can read the magnetic stripe: (1) store a cryptographic hash of the account number; (2) store the ciphertext of the account number encrypted...
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...The word medium comes from the Latin word medius (middle). The beginning of human communication through designed channels, i.e. not vocalization or gestures, dates back to ancient cave paintings, drawn maps, and writing.[4] The Persian Empire (centred around present-day Iran) played an important role in the field of communication. It devised what might be described as the first real mail or postal system, which is said to have been developed by the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great (c. 550 BC) after his conquest of Media. The role of the system as an intelligence gathering apparatus is well documented, and the service was (later) called angariae, a term that in time turned to indicate a tax system. The Old Testament (Esther, VIII) makes mention of this system: Ahasuerus, king of Medes, used couriers for communicating his decisions.[citation needed] The word communication is derived from the Latin root communicare. This was due to the Roman Empire also devising what might be described as a mail or postal system, in order to centralize control of the empire from Rome. This allowed for personal letters and for Rome to gather knowledge about events in its many widespread provinces. More advanced postal systems later appeared in the Islamic Caliphate and the Mongol Empire during the Middle Ages. The term "media" in its modern application relating to communication channels is traced back to its first use as such by Canadian communications theorist Marshall McLuhan, who stated...
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