...Malay daily, which claims to be neutral and without favour, from 20 April 2013 to 5 May 2013, 15-day campaign period of Malaysia’s 2013 General Election. The 13th General Election was the most contentious of election in Malaysian politics. Sinar Harian attempts to present a balanced reporting, by giving spaces to both parties to present their ideas and defend their stand, rooms which are not available in other mainstreams newspapers. This study uses content analysis as a method of investigation. It is a technique of gathering and analyzing the content of text. The analyses cover these dimensions; news report and analyses, letters to the Editor, political advertisements and special guest columns. This study found 33% of articles favored BN, 36% covered PR, 24% of articles considered as neutral reports and 6% of articles reported the activities of independent candidates. Using Monti’s classification of biasedunbiased reports, Sinar Harian can be categorized as unbiased newspaper. Key words: Sinar Harian Neutrality of media Mainstream newspaper INTRODUCTION Media freedom is important for a number of reasons. It is a vital part of the system of checks and balances in democracy, acting as the watchdog of the people and as the Fourth Estate. A free press plays a key role in sustaining and monitoring a healthy democracy, as well as in contributing to greater accountability,...
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...From an overly patriarchal standpoint of analysis, Lépine was presented as a troubled young man victim of his tragic childhood, a representation that shifted the attention away from the sexist motive behind his crime (O’Donovan, 2006, p.40). The prudence the media expressed to interpret it as a hate crime contributed to obscure the meaning, though remarkably clear, of the murders (Raboy, 1993, p.85). Moreover, it is interesting to note that the political class took a certain time before acknowledging the sexist nature of the Polytechnique massacre, which coincided with a global absence of the feminist standpoint from the mainstream media (Raboy, 1993, p.91,100). Curiously, the media even ended up demonizing the women who tried to connect the murders with the broader subject of violence against women by accusing them of radical feminism and hatred towards men (O’Donovan, 2006, p.40). The first to publicly interpret the massacre as antifeminist in the early days was Jean Doré, mayor of Montreal, who declared it showed how men still had trouble accepting that women have their just place in society (Raboy, 1993, p.87). Overall, the extent and type of coverage accorded to the Montreal massacre in the media showed how society can sometime engage in deep reflection, but only really puts itself in question in extreme crisis (Raboy, 1993,...
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...industry (Atkinson & Halliday, 2003), mostly due to the success of rap music, the most widely publicized and marketed aspect. Media such as television and magazines are responsible for hip-hop’s global recognition today, allowing everyone from the United States to Germany and Korea to embrace the culture (Bennett, 1999). Hip-hop culture has made an enormous transition from its beginning stages to its current state. Early hip-hop reduced inner-city gang violence, as aspects such as the break dancing and rapping acted as positive outlets for at-risk youth, but the emergence of “gangsta” and commercial rap during the 1990s severely lessened the emphasis on non-violence (Watkins, 2001). Today, media associate hip-hop culture with drugs, sex, and violence (Yousman, 2003). This research paper will analyze advertisements in hip-hop magazines, with the aim of discovering how women are depicted. Specifically, this paper will examine how the majority of advertisements within three major hip-hop magazines in the United States depict women in a manner that both reinforces male dominance in American society and depicts women as sexual objects. This paper will also explain and demonstrate how the media images are functioning according to Professor George Gerbner’s cultivation theory. Several scholarly sources deal with hip-hop culture and gender biases, as well as the media that stereotype females (Baileyl 2006; Bennett 1999; Boyd 2004; Dixon & Linz 1997; Grossberger, 2003; Jones 1997; Keyes...
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...Media Analysis My analysis of major themes and how the media participate in the construction of attitudes about gender and sexual orientation is predicated upon 16 articles drawn from three major news sources: Newsweek, The New York Times, and The Advocate. The articles were published in the months of January, February, and March. The selection of the articles was not random; I specifically chose articles whose titles and introductions were of particular interest. The three news sources, particularly the Times and The Advocate, published many articles related to LGBT issues—typically greater than a dozen for each weekly search—from which I selected only two per week. In sifting through the 16 articles, I identified three important themes that tie, by and large, the articles together: notions of inalienable rights (marriage), the normalization of homosexuality, and LGBT and frequently, by extension, women’s empowerment. I argue that the Times, by virtue of its wide distribution and generally positive portrayal of LGBT people, attempts to ‘normalize’ (nationally) sexual orientations other than heterosexual; that The Advocate, whose primary audience is LGBT people, attempts to promote LGBT empowerment (encourages LGBT people to stand up for themselves), contemplating a world in which LGBT people enjoy equal rights and equal protection; and that Newsweek, a national weekly magazine, highlights the political debate about rights, generally being more circumspect/judicious than...
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...Running head: RACIALIZED REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE BEAUTY 1 Racialized Representations of Female Beauty in Popular Culture (Name) University of New Mexico RACIALIZED REPRESENTATIONS OF FEMALE BEAUTY Racialized Representations of Female Beauty in Popular Culture 2 For the past 22 years People magazine has composed a list of the 50 most beautiful people. The list typically includes movie and television stars, musicians, British royalty, models, and television personalities. Every year the magazine crowns the year’s “most beautiful” and features them on the cover. Of the 22 most beautiful 19 have been women and out of the 19 women 16 have been White. This signals to People’s readers that beautiful means White and everything else does not equate beauty. However, this is not unique to People or even magazines like it, but instead represents a larger trend that is present in all forms of Western popular culture. In the various mediums of popular culture, ideologies about female beauty are exceedingly prevalent and constantly managed and reproduced. These ideologies carry with them the notion that in order to obtain ideal female beauty one must be very thin, young, have long hair, and wear expensive or revealing clothing (Stern, 2004). In addition to this there is also a raced definition of beauty, which predominates Western popular culture and dictates that White women with light hair and eye color can only attain true beauty. By looking closely at fashion magazines...
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...Argument Paper November 22nd, 1963, the day President Kennedy was assassinated, was marked as one of the most tragic days in US history; however, it also marked a revolutionary change from print media to news broadcasting; the audience of America gained their news through television rather than newspapers. Just as the US saw a transition from print to visual or news broadcasting, journalists presently are now seeing a transition from visual to web-based news. Social media sites like Twitter and Facebook as well as blogs are slowly becoming the new medium of communication or web-based news. Similar to the print to visual news transition, the transition from visual to web-based news is also having its fair share of rough patches. Many people in the journalistic field argue that this new medium of communication lacks correct facts and has an opinionated view of the truth. However, in today’s society an accredited source of information is an idea that cannot be disproven. Through constant updates, being a watchdog, and becoming a catalyst of journalism, these ideas will help aid web-based journalism become an accredited source of news. Constantly updating the public with reliable information makes web-based news an accredited voice of information (Andrews 1). In the early hours of September 11, 2001, blogs became the best available source of eyewitness reporting,” according to Paul Andrews, author of Is Blogging Journalism (Andrews 1). Without a constant update on the situation...
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... 2013 Analysis #1 Media globalization cannot be stopped. It is a result of new communications technology. It is also the prerequisite and facilitator for all other forms of globalization. Multi-national media is critical to global industries. While new global media can cross cultural boundaries, this does not always bring people closer together. In truth it can deteriorate foreign relations as cultural barriers are broken down by American media. Media is a unique “product” in that it shapes how people think and behave. It is a product of culture which also shapes culture. Stuart Hall, a cultural theorist and Noam Chomsky, an American linguist, both have communication models regarding the discourse of mass media. Discussed by Steven Luke, author of the book, Power: A Radical View, there are three dimensions of power applicable for a given group or individual, where each level is distinguished by certain criteria and its effectiveness. The One Dimensional View solely focuses on behavior in decision-making, specifically on key issues, and is often called the pluralist view of power. It is, “the capacity of one actor (A) to do something affecting another actor (B), which changes the probable pattern of specified future events” (Dahl, pp. 3-4). More importantly, the power of the influencer (A) only becomes measurable when he is using his capacity. This concept is where Hall and Chomsky take similar stances, due to the irrelevance of this dimension. Although the media provides...
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...The Heterosexual Feminine Beauty: Construction, Resistance, and Identity The concept of feminine beauty is dynamic and multi-dimensional. The United States’ mainstream, however, has created an ideal. Currently, long straight hair, petite yet well endowed with curves, among other traits, define the idealized relatively fictitious heterosexual feminine image. Bodies are malleable. Throughout this paper, malleability will be defined as the ability to sculpt the human body like an object. The question is: who controls the sculptor? Often the media, societal pressures, and capitalist incentives heavily influence, if not dictate heterosexual feminine beauty, but there are exceptions. Since the body can be crafted through cosmetics, surgery, and exercise, the pursuit of a better or perfect body is seemingly possible. In reality, achieving the perfect body is a stretch because the target ideal continues to evolve become less humanly possible. These conforming pressures separate body from identity. They impose a beauty image that limits one’s agency and self-worth, but at the same time present an opportunity for redefining...
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...occupies in the alternative media order have been heavily contested. The network’s editorial and journalistic decisions position Al Jazeera as an alternative news source and some see the station as a powerful force against global hegemonies. In “Hegemonic No More: Western Media, the Rise of Al-Jazeera, and the Influence of Diverse Voice,” Philip Seib argues that Al Jazeera’s success signals “an end to the near monopoly in global news that American and other Western media had long enjoyed”. (Seib 2005) Others heavily contest the alternative media designation citing the network’s structure, organization, and funding; Adel Iskandar argues that much of the alterity that characterizes Al Jazeera is manufactured and “resembles the marketing strategy for a corporate brand”. (Iskandar 2006) Situating Al Jazeera within the alternative media order has been difficult in part because “the nature and definitions of alternative media have often been contested terrain” (ibid.). Although fluid, most definitions of alternative media focus on the challenge alternative sources pose to existing narratives and journalistic practices. These definitions of alterity stipulate that the media should have some if not all of the following characteristics: connections with social movements, facilitating social communication and change, the ability to instigate activism, challenge to the structures of power, wide participation in the creation of content, positioning outside mainstream media, an emphasis on the...
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...conducted a broad search within the University of Newcastle online library and data base sources to gather a wide-ranging amount of examples that relate to the topic at hand. At this point I narrowed down my research into a topic that I knew I would have additional resources on at home, hence focusing more on how social media shapes an individuals’ perceptions of themselves and others. I gathered academic books I have in the areas of Sociology and searched for particular chapters addressing social media and its cultural impacts on society. I was able to apply this information to my report as one of the books specifically had an entire chapters on digital sociology, media and popular culture which could relate to the approach...
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...MEDIA EDUCATION FOUNDATION STUDY GUIDE NO LOGO BRANDS, GLOBALIZATION, RESISTANCE WRITTEN BY JEREMY EARP & DANIELLE DEVEREAUX Challenging media CONTENTS NO LOGO BRANDS, GLOBALIZATION, RESISTANCE NOTE TO TEACHERS.............................................................................................................................................................................pg. 03 THE MEDIA LITERACY CIRCLE OF EMPOWERMENT....................................................................................................................04 OVERVIEW.........................................................................................................................................................................................................05 PRE-VIEWING EXERCISES..........................................................................................................................................................................06 INTRODUCTION Key Points..........................................................................................................................................................................................................07 Questions for Discussion & Writing.....................................................................................................................................................07 NO SPACE: BRANDED WORLD Key Points......................................................................................
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...COM 450 Entire Course (UOP) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com COM 450 Week 1 Individual Assignment Ethical Manifesto COM 450 Week 2 Individual Assignment Social Justice vs. Objective Reporting Paper COM 450 Week 3 Individual Assignment TARES Test Paper COM 450 Week 4 Individual Assignment Public Relations Analysis Presentation and Press Release COM 450 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Final Learning Team Project COM 450 Week 5 Individual Assignment Censorship Paper ----------------------------------------------------------------- COM 450 Week 1 Individual Assignment Ethical Manifesto (UOP) For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com • Reflect on the consistency of your own ethical decision making. • Write a 350- to 700-word ethical manifesto that describes your personal approach to moral decision making and how you communicate ethically. • Summarize the major models of ethical decision making. • Include which models of ethical decision making are part of your manifesto. Provide rationale as to why you choose to include or why you do not choose to include models. • Select one of the following models of ethical decision making: o Golden mean (Aristotle) o Categorical Imperative (Kant) o Utilitarianism (Mill) o Veil of Ignorance (Rawls) o Persons as Ends (Judeo-Christian) • Use the philosophical principles from the ethical decision-making model selected to illustrate and apply it to your a real world communication example...
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...A TERM PAPER ON POLITICAL MARKETING INTRODUCTION Political marketing is a marketing designed to influence consumers about political issues, particular candidates for public office, or public issues. Although political marketing uses many of the same techniques that other forms of marketing do, it is actually used to promote a concept or an idea, rather than a specific product or service, and to motivate people to vote for that idea. The word “Political Marketing” emerge from the key words ‘politics’ and ‘marketing’. Politics simply means an activity which is concerned with governing a society or country. It has to do with the government or public affairs of a community or a state (that is a particular boundary). While, Marketing is a process of planning and executing the conceptions, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services, to create exchange that satisfy the individual and organizational objective. Marketing is often described as “selling of product”, but the fact is that marketing entails more than this. Kotler (2001) offers a definition that presents a comprehensive meaning of marketing as “a process by which individuals and groups, obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others”. The American Marketing Association (1995) also described Marketing as “the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to...
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...and explain the emergence of the complex forms of hybrid culture and identity that increasingly occur amongst youth throughout the world, but what factors best explain the participation of young people in these subcultures? Also, how do these factors operate? The purpose of this paper is to argue that the participation of young people in youth cultures is best explained by 2 factors; the media and one’s ethnicity. This argument is will made with particular reference to punk and hip hop subcultures as well as brief discussion of Indigenous subculture. The paper will begin with an over view of how subcultures are used to form identities and invent cultural meaning which will be followed by a discussion of the mass media’s influence on youth in today’s society and how and why the media is a major factor in determining youths involvement in different sub cultures. The influence a young person’s ethnicity has on their participation in subcultures will then be addressed with reference to Cohen’s (1955) version of strain theory and how this effects the formation and involvement in subcultures such as indigenous subculture and hip- hop. A conclusion will then be given stating that both ethnicity and the media are the best means of explaining youth participation in subcultures as they are largely influential in determining youth involvement in, as well as the original formation of subcultures. Sub- cultures are often seen as a way of forming collective identities from which an individual...
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...ARTICLES Sociology o Sport Journal, 1998, 15, 1-20 f O 1998 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. "Disciplining the Body": HIV-Positive Male Athletes, Media Surveillance,and the Policing of Sexuality Shari Lee Dworkin and Faye Linda Wachs University of Southern California This paper analyzes how mainstream print media polices sexuality through framings of HIV-positive male athletes. We analyze the HN-positive announcements of Magic Johnson, Greg Louganis, and Tommy Morrison. Specifically, we discuss differences between the framing of gay men (Louganis) and self-identifiedheterosexual men (Johnson and Morrison). First, there is an extensive search for the ways Magic Johnson and Tommy Morrison contracted HIVIAIDS. Media coverage emphasizes that "straights can get it too" through promiscuity and a "fast lane" lifestyle. Consistent with the historically automatic conflation of HIVIAIDS with gay identity, the media pose no inquiries into the cause of Louganis' HIV transmission. We close our discussion by focusing on the meaning of extending the signifier of HIVIAIDS beyond gay bodies to include working class and black male bodies. Media surveillance of sexual identity and the body reinforces hegemonic masculinity in sport while feeding into the current sexual hierarchy in U.S. culture. Cette Ctude porte sur la f a ~ o n les mCdias Ccrits surveillent et contr6lent la sexualit6 par dont le biais de leur traitement des athlktes masculins skro-positifs.Nous analysons les annonces de skro-positivitk...
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