...Homework Chapter 9 Ross Seay Dr. Ide 12h April 2013 1. What are the differences between unitary and federal states? The difference between a unitary and a federal state is not that one is more decentralized than the other, but that the former is decentralized through legislation whereas the latter is decentralized by constitution. In a federation, certain matters are thus constitutionally devolved to local units, and the central government cannot unilaterally revoke this decentralization, as it can in a unitary state. In a unitary system, the central government has all the power. In a federal system, some powers are given to the central government and other powers are given to the lower levels of government. The states in a unitary system hold a considerable jurisdiction and power in accordance with the doctrines set by the parliament. 2. What are the major differences between parliamentary and presidential systems? The main difference between a parliamentary and presidential system of government is that in a presidential system, the president is separate from the legislative body, but in a parliamentary system, the chief executive, such as a prime minister, is part of the legislative body, or parliament. A presidential system separates the executive and legislative functions of the government and provides what are commonly called checks and balances to limit the power of both the chief executive and the legislature. In a parliamentary system, the legislature holds...
Words: 990 - Pages: 4
...Political Parties and the Electoral Process Clara O Ebulu U.S. Government - POL 110 December 13, 2014 Ideological differences between America’s Political Parties Political ideology is known to be a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, myths, doctrines, or symbols of a social movement, institution, and class that explains how society should work and offers their political and cultural blueprint for a certain order. In America, we have various parties including two major political parties known as Democrat and Republican. One ideological difference between the Democrat and Republican parties is their view on personal security. The Democrat party believe that governments should not only secure the U.S. borders but to also advance on personal security. This belief has been translated into policies that extend health care access to as many citizens as possible, raising the minimum wage and expanding unemployment insurance as a result. Republicans on the other hand, vigorously opposes this use of government, insisting that we should not be compelled to our brothers’ keeper. A second ideological difference between the two parties is personal liberty. Democrats believe that governments should not only secure our borders but also advance our personal security. As reflected in recently enacted state laws, that belief translates into policies extending health care access to as many as possible, raising the minimum wage and expanding unemployment insurance (Finkleman...
Words: 1340 - Pages: 6
...and its free-spirited founder were often in the media spotlight. In 2005, a large number of the company’s protective vests were recalled due to alleged “life-threatening flaws.” A few months earlier, Brooks and his top two subordinates, the company’s COO and CFO, were widely criticized when they realized huge stock market gains after selling the majority of their DHB stock. Brooks, alone, realized a stock market gain of more than $180 million when he sold two-thirds of his total ownership interest in DHB, an interest that he had acquired for a small fraction of that amount. In July 2006, Brooks was ousted as DHB’s CEO by the company’s board. Over the following year, a forensic investigation of DHB’s accounting records revealed that the company’s impressive operating results from 2003 through 2005 had been the product of a massive accounting fraud. Brooks and his two subordinates had routinely and blatantly altered DHB’s accounting records to achieve the earnings targets that he had established for the company. The primary account manipulated by the co-conspirators was DHB’s inventory. A major problem faced by the conspirators was concealing their misdeeds from the company’s independent auditors. Accomplishing that objective was made easier by the fact that between 2001 and 2005 the company had four different accounting firms serve as its independent auditors. Frequent clashes between management and the company’s...
Words: 4639 - Pages: 19
...The European Party Landscape PSC 2330 Final Paper Professor Feigenbaum The European party landscape is among the most diversified of any region. Parties range from far left to far right, and party systems range from the two party system exhibited by the United States, and to a lesser degree the United Kingdom, to the multiparty systems of France and Germany. Both the two party systems of the United States and United Kingdom and the multiparty systems of France and Germany possess intrinsic strengths and fallibilities. The multiparty systems of France and Germany are more democratic than the two party systems of the United States and United Kingdom, as they offer greater choice and are more responsive to the wills of the people. However, a two party system is preferable to a multiparty system because it makes government more effective by filtering out extremists and following the majority as opposed to possible minority control over the majority. Characterizing the United Kingdom’s party system as a “two-party system” is somewhat deceiving. The idea of the British system as a two-party system stems from the fact that since 1922, when the Liberal party leader David Lloyd George served as prime minister from 1916-1922, only leaders of the Labour or Conservative parties have served as prime ministers. Furthermore, throughout the postwar period these two parties have routinely divided at least 85 percent of the seats in the House of Commons. However since the 1980s...
Words: 1482 - Pages: 6
...Westminster Style Parliamentary Government: derives from the british parliament in Britain meaning that we have an adversarial government. This can be expressed in the parliamentary structure of the house of commons (adversarial and conflict). High expectations of accountability in the formal legalities. The government must retain the confidence of the house (budget proposals) -legislative process: see above -party discipline: is linked to the idea of confidence, it operates through out the system. The general expectation is that members will vote along party lines. Pros: Accountability meaning that you know who is power and responsible for certain parts of the government, higher level of efficiency, fiscal and budgetary concerns, Cons: Can not always vote according to beliefs and values, inefficiency Federalism: Important driver of politics within Canada. To what extent are the types of different conflicts between the different levels of conflicts. Another reason why federalism exists is due in large part to the question of Quebec and the allocation of powers between french canada and the rest of the country. The Canadian State: Sovereignty 1867: Constitution Act, 1867 (BNA) 1926: The King-Byng Thing 1926: Nadan v. The King: criminal cases could be heard by the JCPC still The Balfour Declaration 1931: The statue of Westminster (formalize the separation of British and Canadian Government) 1949 Abolition of appeals to JCPC 1982: Constitution Act, 1982: Passed by...
Words: 2529 - Pages: 11
...these issues in alternative ways. In this paper the comparison and contrast of traditional and non-traditional ligation outlines the differences between the two and the risk involved. Additionally, defining the characteristics of these two types of resolution to determine which litigation process offers a better solution of disputes between parties is disclosed. “Litigation is the process of bringing, maintaining, and defending a lawsuit (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 35)”. Traditional litigation requires an abundance of time and funds for each party. In addition there are many risk involved in the resolution of disputes and the process to which it takes to achieve harmonious results for the parties. Litigation Litigation also known as judicial dispute resolution is the process of how used to settle lawsuits in a court of law (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 35). One of the risk involved in the litigation process usually require a large amount of financial and time for the parties. In addition, trails involve jury selection, discovery, and an array of phases. In the majority of cases, an attorney is employed to handle the task of bringing a lawsuit to the court system. Individuals and companies require litigation for a number of reasons; however, the decision to enter into a legal proceeding or use alternative methods for dispute resolution depends on the parties’ time, resources,...
Words: 785 - Pages: 4
...Commission or any division thereof.) In order to appreciate the reasons for the Electoral College, it is essential to understand its historical context and the problem that the Founding Fathers were trying to solve. They faced the difficult question of how to elect a president in a nation that: • was composed of thirteen large and small States jealous of their own rights and powers and suspicious of any central national government contained only 4,000,000 people spread up and down a thousand miles of Atlantic seaboard barely connected by transportation or communication (so that national campaigns were impractical even if they had been thought desirable) believed, under the influence of such British political thinkers as Henry St John Bolingbroke, that political parties were mischievous if not downright evil, and felt that gentlemen should not campaign for public office (The saying was "The office should seek the man, the man should not seek the office."). • • • How, then, to choose a president without political parties, without national campaigns, and without upsetting the carefully designed balance between the presidency and the Congress on one hand and between the States and the federal government on the other? Origins of the Electoral College The Constitutional Convention considered several possible methods of selecting a president. One idea was to have the Congress choose the president. This idea was rejected, however, because some felt that making such a choice...
Words: 8191 - Pages: 33
...firms to gain market share. Second, the procedures in place in Europe contributed to the ability of the Competition Commissioner to block the proposed merger of GE and Honeywell based on dubious economic grounds and very weak evidence. In particular, the absence of timely and independent judicial review of the Commissioner’s decision that a combination is incompatible with the Common Market gives enormous discretion to the Competition Commissioner and to the Commission’s Merger Task Force. We discuss below how the interplay of these two trans-Atlantic differences led to the divergent results in GE/Honeywell. The EU’s Conglomerate Case A key driver of the proposed merger was the desire of GE and Honeywell to combine their complementary product lines in the civil aerospace industry.2 GE makes, sells, and services large aircraft engines. Honeywell, itself the result of a 1999 merger between Allied Signal and Honeywell, makes small aircraft engines, various avionics components, and other “non-avionics” components, such as environmental control systems, wheels and brakes, and auxiliary power units. At its heart, the merger was neither horizontal nor vertical, but conglomerate. In fact, the GE/Honeywell merger was remarkably “clean” in terms of horizontal overlaps, given the magnitude of the merger itself and the strong presence of both companies in the civil aerospace industry. Yet the core of the EU’s objection to the merger was expressly based on the conglomerate character of the...
Words: 9095 - Pages: 37
...The Difference between Conservatives and Liberals America is divided. There are two main types of political views in America, conservative and liberal. These views are very different. The conservatives usually believe in a small federal government, giving the power to the localized state. On the other hand, liberals base their opinions on the idea of equality for all, and the importance of individual rights. They desire a large government for the purpose of creating an equal environment for everyone to succeed. In American politics, there has always been a constant struggle for federal power; and because of our democratic voting system this power is always changing hands. This is a healthy balance of power, but it can increase the divide between the two political parties. There are very evident differences between liberalism and conservatism, but almost all...
Words: 1811 - Pages: 8
...works, and why it was created in the first place. Despite the shortcomings and limitations of the Electoral College I believe that it should not be abolished because it contributes to the cohesiveness of the country, it maintains a federal system of government, and it maintains the interests of minority groups. To begin with, I will discuss how the Electoral College works. The Electoral College operates by having each state allocate a number of electors equal to the number of its U.S. Senators (always 2) along with the number of its U.S. Representatives (varies from state to state depending on its population). Next, after all their caucuses and primaries, each party nominates their candidates for president and vice president. After that, the people from each state vote for a party’s slate of electors. Whichever party slate gains the most popular votes becomes the slate of electors for that state. Then, the electors meet in their respective state’s capitol and cast their votes for president and vice president. Finally, the candidate for president with the most electoral votes is declared president and the same rule applies for the position of vice president. If a situation arises in which none of the candidates for president receive a majority of the electoral votes, then the U.S. House of Representatives selects the president from the top three contenders with each state only getting one...
Words: 2029 - Pages: 9
...Pgs 94 – 99 Intro: • Political changes in India in the late 20th century • Independent Indian State managed to redefine the various divisions in society • Was done by legally redefining the relationship between communities and the State • Impartial sustainability has been replaced by a system that puts more importance on community identities • This increases the conflict between majority and minority communal groups Democracy’s Secularisation Process • Political Secularisation – permeating every corner of social, economic and cultural life with politics • Reduces the importance of relationships including those between individual and community • Ends up linking the collective goals to individual ends and desires • This is different from the modernity concept which gives more importance to the individual than the collective • Since democracy is forced to respond to popular demand, they are thus forced to listen to large communities • But these collectives must also acquire “democratic” habits to ensure its own survival o This includes alliances with other communities o Making the community who has power more accessible for members’ use • It is democracy’s structural difference from modernity draws communities directly into politics • However once these communities enter, they modify and change the universal rules on which democracy functions • This yields to “socialisation” of politics...
Words: 1345 - Pages: 6
...This essay is going to compare and contrast both Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, They both had some major differences, but other things they had the same thought process. Many things were different about their beliefs with the role and nature of the newly created United States government. Hamilton mainly like the more power of the government the better it is for society. Jefferson wanted more of a smaller government and having people with individual rights. Hamilton and Jefferson were two ways different thinkers in what they want for society and believe in. Hamilton was in favor of a strong central government and a national constitution. He wasn't really a strong supporter of democracy or even the Bill of Rights. Favored implied powers, a loose construction of the constitution. He was one of many writers of the Federalists papers. Also favored the wealthy, urban commercial interests of the nation. Hamilton created national debt and actually paid for it all through a brilliant plan of taxing whiskey. He was an official member of the Federalist party and the first secretary of treasury. He was unfortunately killed in a duel vise president Aaron Burr. He was one who was fond of and greatly admired England or Britain, which is known as...
Words: 608 - Pages: 3
...place? o Divide resources o Create pieces of the pie o Resolve a problem or dispute • Negotiation Defined o A form of decision making process in which 2 or more parties talk with one another in an effort to resolve their opposing interest • Bargaining o Competitive, win-lose situation • Negotiation o Win-win situations o Mutually acceptable (beneficial) solution • Alternatives Shape Relationship o Evaluating interdependence depends heavily on the alternatives to working together o The desirability to work together is better for outcomes o Best available alternative: BATNA Best alt to a negotiated agreement • Mutual Adjustment o Continues throughout the negotiation as both parties act to influence the other o One of the key causes of the changes that occur during a negotiation o Understand how people will adjust and readjust and how the negotiations might twist and turn, based on ones motives and others responses (predict and anticipate) • Mutual Adjustment and Concession Making o Change in his/her position o Restrict the range of options o When a concession is made, the bargaining range is further contrained o Patterns of concessions communicate significane • Conflict Defined o Sharp disagreement or opposition and includes the perceived divergence of interest, or a belief that the parties current aspirations cannot be achieved simultaneously • Look over “when you shouldn’t negotiate – box 1.1 pg. 7. Ch. 2 – powerpoint • Levels of conflict o Intrapersonal...
Words: 1744 - Pages: 7
...International trade plays a large role in expanding world’s economy and its relationship between different countries. More than 200 years ago, A. Smith made a conclusion that the international exchange of goods of all countries is a source of greater wealth. International trade creates opportunities for developing countries, specialization and economic use of resources. Each country produces goods that are profitable to produce. At the beginning of the nineteenth century D. Ricardo expanded international trade theory. He showed that the decisive factor is not productivity of each product, but ratio of the price in the country before the start of trading. Even if country is less efficient than other countries, it still can get the same returns as the countries that produce larger choice of goods. That international trade would be profitable you only need that in one area of production efficiency is higher than others. This change was strongly influenced by the Western countries. The international exchange was encouraged by demolition of the customs barriers and other obstacles, as well as increased specialization promotes trade between countries. INTERNATIONAL TRADE CONCEPT International trade - the buying and selling process, taking place in various countries, including sellers, buyers and brokers. Our interests in international trade for many reasons: the forces of production conditions, differences in various countries, the falling of the unit production costs in the...
Words: 1135 - Pages: 5
...-- could be viewed is a legitimate democratic right. However, when this right impinges on the rights of individuals to earn a living and to go about their daily lives in peace and security, a situation of ‘conflict of competing rights’ arises. Hartals are often called in ‘the name of the people’, but it is ordinary people whose movements are restricted, property endangered, and progress curbed. Children miss school, the sick miss treatment, and business miss targets. In addition, the reality in Bangladesh is that the success of hartals often rests on coercion, or even the use of payment to ‘hired hands’ by hartal organisers to mobilise support. At the same time, hartals can also be viewed a ‘symptom’ of the frustration of opposition parties at the lack of space for them to play a constructive role in democratic dialogue and the ‘winner takes all’ style of successive...
Words: 7050 - Pages: 29
