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Making a New Deal

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Submitted By auddyl
Words 549
Pages 3
HST 302
Journal: Cohen, Making a New Deal
2/29/16
Laura Mills

Lizabeth Cohen argues that the difference in workers lives between the 1920’s and 1930’s can be attributed to outside factors and can be attributed to their own desire to implement change. Cohen uses the backdrop of Chicago as her study group and focuses on the steel mills, agricultural and meatpacking industries, as well as a few other localized industries. She chose Chicago because she feels that it represents other industrialized cities and was the cross roads of transportation and communications. The first third of the book covers explanations of the various ethnic groups and their respective neighborhoods and jobs during post WWI. It explains how these things contributed to the failure of worker unification during this time period. The issues that contributed to the weakness of unification were; geographic fragmentation, repression by employers and government, weak national union structures, recurrent economic recessions and increased automation which allowed for unskilled labor replacement. Geographic fragmentation plays a large part in her explanation of the failure of labor unions in post WWI Chicago. By geographic fragmentation she means neighborhoods that were based on ethnicity. Workers during this period would live within neighborhoods that were comprised of their ethnic background, they would socialize and speak their native languages and practice native cultures, shopping and religious worship were also confined to ethnicity. This division allowed employers to exploit differences in order to combat unification. This was done by creating different pay scales for native Americans, immigrants, blacks and even woman. In the case of International Harvester only Native American citizens could hold office of a representative. Cohen also goes on to say that ethnic prejudice was rooted

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