... In the first four chapters of his seminal book “The City in History”, Lewis Mumford demonstrates and outlines various vital issues that intertwine to explain the beginnings of the city and its various institutions, behaviors and social norms that exist within. The three key issues that are the most striking are the reason for the existence of cities aside from animal needs, the dominance of women in Neolithic culture and finally, the developing role of the Paleolithic hunter. Although Mumford dissects each of these issues in isolation, he ultimately demonstrates how they all come together to become part of the earliest of cities. Before cities came into existence, Mumford explains how “there was the hamlet and the shrine and the village: before the village, the camp, the cache, the cave and the cairn” (Lewis Mumford, 1961, 5). Mumford further observes that the pattern of human settlement...
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...used to make a care plan (Appendix B). Patient X is an 82 year old male, who presented to the emergency department from his home at Extendicare York with a fever of 38.9 degrees Celsius, a blood pressure of 75/40 mm Hg, blood glucose level of 3.7, diaphoretic and a three day history of diarrhea, nausea and generalized weakness. The admitting diagnosis for this 82 year old male was Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lower respiratory tract due to an infectious agent that impairs gas exchange due to alveolar edema and congestion (Thiem, Heppner, & Pientka, 2011). There are many factors that predispose individuals to pneumonia; however, in the case of this patient the predisposing factors are age and the presence of chronic diseases. The patient’s complete history and demographics can be found in Appendix A. The classic clinical manifestations of pneumonia consist of a temperature above 38 degrees Celsius, diaphoresis, cough, and shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, purulent sputum, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (Thiem, Heppner, & Pientka, 2011). Physical examination will show signs of percussion dullness over the affected area, diminished breath sounds, and crackles. The patient will also often present as hypotensive with a systolic pressure of less than 90 mm Hg (Thiem, Heppner, & Pientka, 2011; Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirksen, O’Brien, & Bucher, 2010). Analysis Patient X was transferred to...
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...British Journal of Social Work (2005) 35, 435–452 doi:10.1093/bjsw/bch190 Advance Access publication March 21, 2005 Use of Critical Consciousness in Anti-Oppressive Social Work Practice: Disentangling Power Dynamics at Personal and Structural Levels Izumi Sakamoto and Ronald O. Pitner Izumi Sakamoto, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of social work at the University of Toronto, Canada. She received her MA in social welfare from Sophia University, Japan, and her MSW, MS (psychology) and Ph.D. (social work and social psychology) from the University of Michigan, USA. Her research interests include anti-oppressive social work, gender and immigration, cultural influences on the self and identities, and cultural negotiation processes of newcomers. Ronald O. Pitner, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of social work at Washington University in Saint Louis, USA. He received his MA in psychology from the University of Tennessee, USA, a MSW and Ph.D. (social work and social psychology) from the University of Michigan, USA. His research interests are broadly defined in terms of social cognition, stereotyping, prejudice, race and ethnicity, multicultural social work. Correspondence to Izumi Sakamoto, Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St West, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. E-mail: Izumi.Sakamoto@utoronto.ca Summary One of the limitations of anti-oppressive perspectives (AOPs) in social work is its lack of focus at a micro and individual level. AOPs should entail the social...
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...Iowa State and Local Laws Name Class Name Section Number Date Abstract Emergency management is organized planning, analysis, and decision-making concerning the coordination of resources to contain an emergency situation decisively. This can include minimizing of economic loss, saving lives or avoiding injury. There are various phases of emergency management. They include preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. In Iowa, each county has its emergency department or commission which suit the particular needs of the various regions. Emergency management services face several challenges. Amongst these challenges are legal constraints. In Iowa, several laws affect emergency services regarding sexual harassment, pregnancy discrimination, and religious accommodation. Sexual harassment can be categorized under sexual discrimination. It is defined as different treatment of a person as a result of the individual’s sex. This form of discrimination normally affects women most. In Iowa, The Iowa Civil Rights Commission gives free provision of legal aid to Iowans, who have been sexually harassed. Employment discrimination based on a person’s sex is prohibited by Federal laws and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Stanley, 2006). “Quid Pro Quo” is a major type of sexual harassment that is prevalent or recognizable in Iowa. This occurs when a sexual favor or request is exchanged for the job offer, raise, reward or promotion. Denial of opportunity based on this is another...
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...belts when in a car; (3) to identify whether there is a correlation between sex and seat belt compliance among teenagers; and (4) to determine whether attendance of a driver’s education class increases seat belt compliance among teenagers. Once this information is known, strategies for teaching teenagers about the laws of the state with regards to seatbelt use; and the critical importance of wearing seat belts can be developed. Research Questions The research questions for this study include the following: (1) What percent of teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 do not wear belts when in a car? (2) What are the reasons why teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 do not wear seat belts when in a car? (3) Is there a difference between male and female teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19 in terms of seat belt compliance? (4) Does formal driver education attendance increase seat belt compliancy among teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19? Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons for the lack of seat belt compliance among the teenagers between the ages of 16 to 19. In the state of Rhode Island those that are 18 years of age and above do not have to attend instructional driver’s education class; it is optional. Those 18 years of age and older are able to take an online exam; then 6 months later he or she takes the driving portion of...
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...THE EFFECTS OF THE SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES TO THE CLASS PARTICIPATION OF THE FIRST YEAR PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS OF CEU An Undergraduate Research Presented to the Faculty of School of Science and Technology Centro Escolar University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Psychology by Chelsea Diaz Regina Fatima Manalang Gwenne Tigno March 2013 CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter presents a review of related literature and studies both foreign and local. This also presents different variables relative to the study. Foreign Literature Social network is defined as the grouping of individuals into particular groups that centre on reflecting and building of social relations or social network among people, for instance, people who share activities, interest, posting information, comment, and images (Carrington, Scott and Wasserman, 2005). Teenagers are among the most prolific users of social network sites. This kind of communication is seen very common with teens as they perceive it as a network for them to improve some aspects in their life or even in their studies through information provided in the internet. However, social networking sites are not a wholly positive influence in the world. Some research proves that social network can also affected Malaysian teenagers in any bad ways. The main effects are through academically, mentally and also the society. Social networking sites...
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...two separate sections within the restaurant and I chose to sit in the more populated section directly on the other side of the drink and condiment counter, with four tables on one side and three on the other. I chose to go at 12:30 pm, where I assumed that there would still be a large lunch crowd as my choice in locations tends to be quite busy at this time. When I arrived in the parking lot and walked through the entrance, the kitchen area was busy with everyone doing their own particular jobs, and the sound of a fryer’s alarm sounding off, to alert the workers that the food has cooked long enough and is ready to be taken out. I walked up to the counter after waiting approximately four minutes and gave my order to an African American male approximately 25 years old that was very soft spoken. Throughout this process, I had to ask him to repeat himself when he replied,” Is there anything else that I can get you?” as with the background noise and...
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...Final Exam: Sociology 1. What might a sociologist say about why an individual chooses a particular person to marry? A. B. C. D. In the case of love, opposites attract. There is no accounting for personal feelings like love This shows that peoples actions reflect human free will This shows that the social world guides human behavior 2. Which discipline defines itself as “the systematic study of human society”? A. B. C. D. Psychology Economics History Sociology 3. By saying that the sociological perspective shows us “the strange in the familiar,” the text argues that this point of view: A. Rejects the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives. B. Shows that common sense is a good guide to understanding human behavior C. Shows that people often behave in strange ways D. Focuses on the bizarre elements of society 4. From a sociological perspective, patterns of childbearing around the world suggest that the number of children born to a woman reflects: A. B. C. D. Whether she lives in a poor or rich society How many children she can afford Her personal choice The desires of her husband 5. Three roommates are in their dorm room sharing a late-night discussion about why they are in college. A sociological point of view would point to the importance of: A. The desires of her husband B. Which country we live in, because going to college is far more common in...
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...ARTICLES Sociology o Sport Journal, 1998, 15, 1-20 f O 1998 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. "Disciplining the Body": HIV-Positive Male Athletes, Media Surveillance,and the Policing of Sexuality Shari Lee Dworkin and Faye Linda Wachs University of Southern California This paper analyzes how mainstream print media polices sexuality through framings of HIV-positive male athletes. We analyze the HN-positive announcements of Magic Johnson, Greg Louganis, and Tommy Morrison. Specifically, we discuss differences between the framing of gay men (Louganis) and self-identifiedheterosexual men (Johnson and Morrison). First, there is an extensive search for the ways Magic Johnson and Tommy Morrison contracted HIVIAIDS. Media coverage emphasizes that "straights can get it too" through promiscuity and a "fast lane" lifestyle. Consistent with the historically automatic conflation of HIVIAIDS with gay identity, the media pose no inquiries into the cause of Louganis' HIV transmission. We close our discussion by focusing on the meaning of extending the signifier of HIVIAIDS beyond gay bodies to include working class and black male bodies. Media surveillance of sexual identity and the body reinforces hegemonic masculinity in sport while feeding into the current sexual hierarchy in U.S. culture. Cette Ctude porte sur la f a ~ o n les mCdias Ccrits surveillent et contr6lent la sexualit6 par dont le biais de leur traitement des athlktes masculins skro-positifs.Nous analysons les annonces de skro-positivitk...
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...Subject: Conflict Analysis and Resolution Assignment: Based on conflict theory, discuss why intra and inter party unity in Kenya seems elusive Discussion: Conflict within and between Rural and Urban populations in Kenya. There is no peace within (intra) and between (inter) rural and urban populations in Kenyan. Within the discussions of this paper, rural populations will refer to persons living in geographic areas away from towns and cities with their characteristic lack of social amenities and infrastructural development. The urban population on the contrary refers to persons inhabiting towns and cities with benefits of improved social amenities and developed infrastructure. Conflict refers to a “peaceless” coexistence within a society. Lewis Coser (1913-2003) defines conflict as “a struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralize, injure, or eliminate their rivals.” He argued that intergroups and intragroups conflicts are part of social life defining relationships but not necessarily resulting in instability. Through conflict society can attain social change, come up with outstanding innovations and strengthen central powers in times of war. The conflict theory explains causes of conflict; its containment and potential modes of resolving these conflicts. The human race has experienced different forms of conflict that manifest in both physical and psycho-emotional forms. The conceptual...
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...22 Carter, C. (2011) “Sex/Gender and the Media: From Sex Roles to Social Construction and Beyond,” in Ross, K. (ed) The Handbook of Gender, Sex and Media, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN-10: 1444338544; 365-82. ISBN-13: 978-1444338546 Sex/Gender and the Media From Sex Roles to Social Construction and Beyond Cynthia Carter Introduction In the early years of second-wave western feminism, many gender researchers and feminist scholars distinguished between the notion of sex, defined as biological differences between male and female, and ‘sex roles,’ referring to certain behaviors and characteristics attributed to each sex that was a social construction. The resulting media research centered on images of women in the media (much less emphasis was placed on men) in order to draw attention to inequities in their portrayal in relation to men (in quantitative terms as well as in terms of the use of stereotypes). Since the 1970s, however, the scope of social constructionism has greatly expanded in feminist theory. Some suggest that the distinction between the biological and the social has, as a result, eroded to such an extent that it is no longer possible to understand the difference, while others question the need for this distinction. For instance, in queer and transgender theory and feminist cultural studies, theorists have sought to make strange the ‘sex/gender’ distinction. The key argument made is that biology is no less a cultural construct than gender socialization into...
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...Executive Summary This report provides an analysis on how ethical conflicts arise in the actuarial profession. Through extensive research we uncover many conflicts of interest and ethical dilemmas that actuaries can face during their everyday work and careers. In particular we look at how genetic factors and rating criterion create conflict. We look at ethical conflict with respect to testimony, pension and reserve actuaries, and also how external watchdogs play a role in auditing actuaries’ decisions. We found that actuaries must always be alert and prepared to deal with these ethical conflicts. They must be aware that their actions can have an impact on the financial future of a company, the insurance rates of an individual, or otherwise could result in a problem for themselves. They must also be aware that there are external watchdogs in place to make sure they are not forging numbers but are instead making informed and accurate decisions. We recommend that students who intend to pursue actuarial studies take a course called Introduction to Actuarial Practice (MTHEL 131). We also recommend that the faculty should modify this course to put more weight on professionalism and ethics to emphasise the importance of the subject. This will educate students so they can make informed and ethically sound decisions in their future careers. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………....…....…1 2.0 Methods…………………………………………………………………......…………....……3 3...
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...and the behavior of students” (p. 1125). I include the self-efficacy, educational training and the experiences of teachers to the umbrella definition of classroom management. This chapter will present a brief overview of the theories influencing classroom management, models of classroom management, empirical research in the field of classroom management, and the effects of variables associated to this research study. First, behavioral theorist such as John Dewey, B. F. Skinner, William Glasser, Jean Piaget, and Albert Bandura will be discussed since they have played a central role in teachers’ classroom management philosophies. Second, classroom management models by Lee Canter, Linda Albert, Harry Wong, and Kame'enui, Sugai, Colvin and Lewis will be discussed. Next, empirical research by Ladner (2009), Baker (2005), Little and Akin- Little (2008), and Martin and Sass (2010) will be presented. In the final section, research on the demographic variables of this study will be discussed. The past century has brought about many changes in education. As theories have evolved, approaches to classroom management have changed. In the past, teachers focused on controlling students based on Skinnerian ideas. Presently, a broader research agenda to classroom management...
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...Wanting Liang (Fanny) WSEM 196-002T Professor Mary Richardson 14th December 2012 Influence of The Civil Rights Movement On Black/White Marriage INTRODUCTION Nowadays, interracial marriage exists in almost the whole world and is more acceptable than it ever has been. In the United States, which now has its first biracial president-Barack Hussein Obama II. Absolute numbers tell us the fact that interracial marriage between black and white has increased -- the U.S. Census reported that there were 51,000 Black/White marital couples in 1960, which was legal in whatever many states. By 2002, it rose to 395,000 Black/White marriages (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2004). By 2010, it grew more to 540,000 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2012. However, before the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, this would have been unimaginable. It was illegal for people with different race to marry before the Civil Rights Movement, which we called “anti-miscegenation laws”. This paper will examine how the Civil Rights Movement helped make marriages between blacks and whites and mixed-race families acceptable to society and more common. In this paper, I am going to provide the background about the Civil Rights Movement. Such as ways this movement affected Black/White marriage, and the Loving vs. Virginia (the Supreme Court Case). Then, I will introduce some family stories in biracial families during 1960s and a number of findings about Black/White marriage. At last, I will present the difference...
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...to gun control and startling increases in justifiable homicides all over the United States. Recently, there was an incident that sparked a huge backlash against the National Rifle Association (NRA) and their support of a law called "Stand Your Ground". The law states that "... a person is justified in the use of deadly force and does not have a duty to retreat if: (1) He or she reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the imminent commission of a forcible felony...". (FL Statute, 776, 2011) The incident involved an armed self appointed Caucasian neighborhood watchman named George Zimmerman and an unarmed seventeen year old African American male, named Trayvon Martin. The situation began as the watchman patrolled the neighborhood and spotted the young man as he was returning home from the store, carrying a bottle of iced tea and a bag of...
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