...“SELECTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF ANTERIOR TEETH FOR PREDICTABLE ESTHETICS AND FUNCTION IN COMPLETE DENTURE PROSTHESIS CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY 3. FACTORS CONSIDERED FOR DESIRED ESTHETICS FOR CONVENTIONAL COMPLETE DENTURE PROSTHESIS 4. SELECTION OF ANTERIOR TEETH 5. ANTERIOR TOOTH ARRANGEMENT AND PLACEMENT 6. PRINCIPLES OF TEETH ARRANGEMENT FOR ANTERIOR TEETH 7. GUIDELINES FOR TEETH ARRANGEMENT AND PLACEMENT FOR ANTERIOR TEETH 8. EVALUATION OF ESTHETICS 9. CONCLUSION 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION Esthetically and functionally acceptable complete dentures should not differ from natural teeth. Therefore, the selection and arrangement of artificial teeth is an important concern in complete denture construction. Several factors have been proposed as aids for artificial tooth selection and arrangement and numerous methods have been devised for evaluation of reliable esthetic factors in determining artificial tooth form and dimensions. Denture esthetics is defined as “the cosmetic effect produced by dental prosthesis which affects the desirable beauty, attractiveness, character and dignity of the individual.” The subject of esthetics, however, has always been a grey area in dentistry. It is not a totally scientific and objective description, nor is it hundred percent an art form. Denture esthetics is a blending or combination of the art form and the science of prosthodontics. As such it is not...
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...1974; he was believed to be an early inhabitant of Australia and assumed to have lived about 40,000 years ago during the Pleistocene epoch. The Pleistocene epoch is a geological series in time which is thought to have lasted from approximately 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago. The Mungo Man LM3’s remains were discovered as a result of shifting sand dunes by Dr Jim Bowler on the 26th February 1974. The LM3’s body was an important find as it helped to identify that Indigenous Australians may have lived on the continent for longer than first believed. Evidence shows that humans’ occupancy in Australia may have dated as far back as 50,000 years instead of the 20,000 years which was first assumed. When he was young Mungo Man lost his two lower canine teeth, possibly knocked out in a ritual. He grew into a man nearly 1.7m in height. Over the years his molar teeth became worn and scratched, possibly from eating a gritty diet or stripping the long leaves of water reeds with his teeth to make twine. As Mungo Man grew older his bones ached with arthritis, especially his right elbow, which was so damaged that bits of bone were completely worn out or broken away. Such wear and tear is typical of people who have used a woomera to throw spears over many years. When did the Mungo Man live? Research that has been developed by numerous of scientists, mainly Dr Jim Bowler have shown that the Mungo Man lived approximately 40,000 to 42,000 years ago. Where did the Mungo Man originate? As stated...
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...I am writing about three news related articles that deal with current event medical topics. My first topic will be covering MERS the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome which is a respiratory virus, I will go more in depth about. Next, is Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB) this is an irregular heartbeat. Lastly I will discuss sleep apnea which deals with your breathing while sleeping. To begin with, I am going to talk about MERS. The middle east respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS) is a Beta corona virus. MERS is closes to resembling Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) but doesn't spread as easy. SARS affected around 8,000 people around the world in 2013. MERS was found in the Middle East in the year 2012. It had come back last year in May but it was identified in Asia. There were about 160 who caught this respiratory infection and the reported death toll was 25. If patients traveled to the areas where this was found the Center for Disease Control (CDC) is urging doctors to check for the virus. Without close contact it is hard to catch this virus says experts. Further more, the common symptoms found when patients have MERS are fever, cough, and shortness of breath (SOB). The doctors can treat symptoms, but the doctors do not have a vaccine because this virus does not currently have a cure. This is even more serious for those who already have problems with their immune system. If leaving in or visiting an area infected by MERS wash hands often, avoid the sick, help your children...
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...ABSTRACT It is rightly said preservation of what remains is more important, with this in consideration preventive prosthodontics can be appropriately applied highlighting the importance of delaying or eliminating future prosthodontic treatment. In this case study mandibular tooth supported BPS (bio-functional prosthetic system) overdenture and maxillary flexible partial denture was fabricated for the patient. This gives the patient a denture that has more support and retentive principles incorporated, resulting in improved retention. Decrease in rate of resorption of bone hence preservation of alveolar ridge. Overdenture patient possessed preserved sensory function, i.e., discriminating between occlusal forces closer to natural teeth. These...
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...The traits of the mystery mandible include small anterior/ large posterior teeth, a thick mandibular corpus, parabolic dental arcade, presence of molarized premolars, presence (and very thick) simian shelf, absence of chin, and absence of retromolar space. In accordance, these are all distinguishing traits for Australopitecus Boisei. The Ardipithecus ramidus is distinctly not the mystery mandible because it lacks megadontia and withholds a thinner enamel than that of the mystery mandible . Ar. ramidus thin enamel is one associated with a ripe-fruit frugivory. In this way, one can conclude that Ar. ramidus avoided tough diet foods, as they did not have the heavy chewing specializations (thick mandibular corpus/ megadontia) present in the features associated with that of the mystery mandible....
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...One patient suffered from plaque deposition on abutment teeth due to insufficient oral hygiene. Gold copings protect root surface but are expensive which makes the treatment overall expensive. Most of the time canines are used as abutments because they are frequently the last teeth to be lost in the jaw because of their large root surface area. Root canal treatment was not possible in some teeth due to presence of calcification in roots which prevented the technique from being made in some patients because in order for the technique to be complete, root canal treatment should occur. Doctors also observed the changes in alveolar process pattern after the complete dentures were worn. Analysis of study cases were made to follow up with the patients concerning alveolar resorption process and the results were that root abutments slow down the process of alveolar resorption and maintains the denture base fit in its...
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...EXAMINATION OF THE MOUTH AND OTHER RELEVANT STRUCTURES A thorough case history and clinical examination are mandatory on the child’s first visit to the dentist and at the start of every new treatment period. KNOW YOUR PATIENT * Who is taking care of the child? * Who is with him today? * Is the child attending school? * Who referred the patient? * Where does the child live? * Important factors to be addressed during the child’s initial dental visit (3-6) * Limited existing health history * No clinical baseline data * Behavioral unknowns * A primary dental occlusion with limited predictive value * Preventive needs that must be assessed A thorough case history and clinical examination of the child patient is important in order to: * Establish good contact with and knowledge of the child and parent * Decide on prescriptions of radiographic and laboratory examinations * Identify possible signs of general conditions and diseases * Arrive at a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan CASE HISTORY Case history in children, especially young children has to be taken through another person, the parent. This has 2 important implications: 1. The information obtained from the accompanying person may not necessarily reflect the situation of the child. 2. The dentist may tend to forget to communicate with the child, which occasionally leads the child to feel that he is being neglected by the dentist. CASE HISTORY ...
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...of all dental injuries. With a direct blow, a primary incisor can be completely intruded.8 Deciduous teeth traumas may present with several visual signs: colour change of crown, pulp obliteration, pulp necrosis, resorption of root, inflammatory resorption, ankylosis, gingival recession, permanent displacement of the deciduous tooth, and pulp necrosis/premature loss.9,10 The potentially most serious complications can occur when a tooth is displaced into another part of the body or when the tooth opens a communication from the oral cavity into an anatomical space.11 Common spaces for displacement of teeth (traumatic or non-traumatic) include maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, temporal space, infratemporal space, lateral pharyngeal space, sub mandibular space and buccal space. There are many factors that increase the chance of tooth displacement. These include anatomic considerations, such as resilient and flexible tissues, medullar spaced bone, distolingual angulation of the tooth or dehiscence in lingual cortical plate, excessive or uncontrolled force of impact, improper manipulation and inadequate clinical and radiographic examination.12,13 The treatment and prognosis of intrusive luxation can vary depending on the age of the patient, type of dentition, stage of root development, and time and severity of the trauma .There is no agreement in the literature for the ideal treatment for intruded primary or permanent teeth after trauma. A variety of treatment modalities are suggested to...
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...several types of implant systems may be used. Chapter 14 discusses the various types of implant systems currently in use and their advantages, disadvantages, and indications for use. 247 Preprosthetic Surgery Mark W. Ochs and Myron R. Tucker CHAPTER OUTLINE OBJECTIVES OF PREPROSTHETIC SURGERY OF PATIENT EVALUATION AND TREATMENT PLANNING Evaluation of Supporting Bony Tissue Evaluation of Supporting Soft Tissue Treatment Planning RECONTOURING OF ALVEOLAR RIDGES Simple Alveoloplasty Associated with Removal of Multiple Teeth Intraseptal Alveoloplasty Maxillary Tuberosity Reduction Buccal Exostosis and Excessive Undercuts Lateral Palatal Exostosis Mylohyoid Ridge Reduction Genial Tubercle Reduction TORI REMOVAL Maxillary Tori Mandibular Tori SOFT TISSUE ABNORMALITIES Maxillary Tuberosity Reduction (Soft Tissue)...
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...Assignment on: Paleontological History of Camel Submitted to: Anirban Sarker Assistant professor Dept. of Zoology Jagannath University, Dhaka Submitted by: Md.Imran-Al-Fahad Roll no: 117435 3rd year 1st semester 6th Batch Dept. of Zoology Date of Submission: 5th May, 2014 PALEONTOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CAMEL Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of prehistoric life. It includes the study of fossils to determine organisms' evolution and interact- tions with each other and their environments. Paleontology lies on the boundary between biology and geology since paleontology focuses on the record of past life but its main source of evidence is fossils which are found in rocks. Paleontological history of camel denotes the evolutionary history of camel. A camel is an even-toed ungulate within the genus Camelus, bearing dist- inctive fatty deposits known as "The humps" on its back. The two surviving species of camel are the dromedary, or one-humped camel (C.dormearius) which inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, and the bactrian, or two-humped camel(C. bactrianus)which inhabits Asia. Camels...
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...saliva helps to reduce enamel solubility and neutralize acids produced by cariogenic organisms. Adequate flows help to cleanse tooth surfaces from carbohydrates and sugars, while maintaining anti-microbial activity and a buffer capacity composed of calcium and phosphate ions. Therefore, with an inadequate salivary physiology to buffer a low pH, demineralization might commence. Other etiologic factors include diet, oral hygiene, and gingivitis status. For example, patients who exhibit moderate gingivitis were twice as likely to develop lesions during treatment. (Matthew D. Brown, 2015). Research has shown that white spot lesions tend to appear on certain teeth. These lesions tend to form on the maxillary lateral incisors, maxillary canines, and mandibular premolars (Geiger A.M, et al, 1988) and can even form within the first month of fixed appliance treatment (Oggard et al, 1988). One study found that half of their patients had at least one white spot lesion after treatment with fixed appliances, most commonly on the maxillary lateral incisor (Gorelick L. et al, 1982). In a study done by Matthew D. Brown et al, they gathered data from a practice based research network to evaluate white spot lesions among treated orthodontic patients. They found that around 28% of patients in a private practice environment developed white spot lesions with associated risk factors. The risk for developing white spot lesions is higher (2.1-3.5 times) in patients presenting with caries risk factors, poor...
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...Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Managers: Kelley A. Squazzo & Catherine A. Noonan Designer: Doug Smock Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Biomaterials 28 (2007) 2908–2914 www.elsevier.com/locate/biomaterials 2D mapping of texture and lattice parameters of dental enamel Maisoon Al-Jawada,Ã, Axel Steuwerb, Susan H. Kilcoynec, Roger C. Shorea, Robert Cywinskid, David J. Wooda a Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK FaME38 at the ILL-ESRF, 6 rue J Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France c Institute for Materials Research, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK d School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK b Received 19 December 2006; accepted 16 February 2007 Available online 25 February 2007 Abstract We have used synchrotron X-ray diffraction to study the texture and the change in lattice parameter as a function of position in a cross section of human dental enamel. Our study is the first to map changes in preferred orientation and lattice parameter as a function of position within enamel across a whole tooth section with such high resolution. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction with a micro-focused beam spot was used to collect two-dimensional (2D) diffraction images at 150 mm spatial resolution over the entire tooth crown. Contour maps of the texture and lattice parameter distribution of the hydroxyapatite phase were produced from Rietveld refinement of diffraction patterns generated by azimuthally sectioning and integrating the 2D images. The 002 Debye ring showed the largest variation in intensity. This variation is indicative of preferred...
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...Trace of the Bolus MOUTH The mouth, also referred to as the oral or buccal cavity, is formed by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue. Forming the lateral walls of the oral cavity are the cheeks—muscular structures covered externally by skin and internally by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The anterior portions of the cheeks end at the lips. The lips or labia are fleshly folds surrounding the opening of the mouth. They are covered externally by skin and internally by a mucous membrane. There is a transition zone where the two kinds of covering tissue meet. This portion of the lips is non-keratinized, and the color of the blood in the underlying blood vessels is visible through the transparent surface layer. The inner surface of each lip is attached to its corresponding gum by a midline fold or mucous membrane called the labial frenulum. The orbicularis oris muscle and connective tissue lie between the skin and the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. During chewing, contraction of the buccinators muscles in the cheeks and orbicularis oris muscle in the lips helps keep food between the upper and lower teeth. These muscles also assist in speech. The vestibule of the oral cavity is a space bounded externally by the cheeks and lips and internally by the gums and teeth. The oral cavity proper is a space that extends from the gums and teeth to the fauces, the opening between the oral cavity and the pharynx or throat. The hard palate—the anterior...
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...UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN BODY NOTES Anatomical Position - Posterior = Back Anterior = Front Dorsal = Back Ventral = Front Medial = Middle Lateral = Side Superior = Above Inferior = Below Proximal = Near point of attachment / Beginning Distal = Away from point of attachment / end Cephalic = Head Caudal = Tail Anatomical Guides – Using a known anatomical structure or region identifying an underlying or adjacent structure. Linear Guide – Drawing a real or imaginary line to locate an anatomical structure. Anatomical Limits – Proximal and distal aspects of an Anatomical structure. Planes - imaginary divisions of the human body. Sagittal – Cut the body in half from Left Right Midsagittal – Equal part left right Parasagittal – Non-equal left right parts. Coronal – Dividing body from front back Transverse – Divides the body into superior and inferior Body Cavities - The human body consists of the following body cavities: Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity- enclosed by the Skull and contains the brain, eyes, and ears. Spinal canal - enclosed by the spine and contains the spinal cord. Ventral body cavity Thoracic cavity enclosed by the ribcage and contains the lungs and heart. Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity, enclosed by the ribcage and pelvis and contains the Kidneys, ureters, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Pelvic cavity, enclosed by the pelvis and contains bladder, anus and reproductive system. Pelvic...
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