...to test typewriters and computer keyboards, show fonts, and other applications involving all of the letters in the English alphabet. Owing to its brevity and coherence, it has become widely known. Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Computer usage 3 Cultural references 4 See also 5 References History[edit] The earliest known appearance of the phrase is from The Michigan School Moderator, a journal that provided many teachers with education-related news and suggestions for lessons.[1] In an article titled "Interesting Notes" in the March 14, 1885 issue, the phrase is given as a suggestion for writing practice: "The following sentence makes a good copy for practice, as it contains every letter of the alphabet: 'A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.'"[2] Note that the phrase in this case begins with the word "A" rather than "The". Several other early sources also use this variation. As the use of typewriters grew in the late 19th century, the phrase began appearing in typing and stenography lesson books as a practice sentence. Early examples of publications which used the phrase include Illustrative Shorthand by Linda Bronson (1888),[3] How to Become Expert in Typewriting: A Complete Instructor Designed Especially for the Remington Typewriter (1890),[4] and Typewriting Instructor and Stenographer's Hand-book (1892). By the turn of the 20th century, the phrase had become widely known. In the January 10, 1903, issue of Pitman's Phonetic Journal, it is referred to as "the...
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...Regardless of point-of-view, the events surrounding Disney’s America theme-park provide compelling lessons to policy makers, business interests and citizen activist groups. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Disney’s America controversy through the lens of public policy process. I first analyze the core issues of the case. Second, I identify predominant actors and stakeholders. Third, I point out policy instruments and processes germane to the case. Finally, I discuss the outcome and lessons to be gleaned from the case. Issues Haymarket, a community with a population of 375, is located approximately 30 miles southwest of Washington D.C., in Prince William County, Virginia. It is situated in an area characterized by farmland in view of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west. Nearby is a Civil War battlefield site, now a National Battlefield Park administered by the National Park Service, where 20,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died during two battles fought at Bull Run: the first land battle of the Civil War in 1861, and in 1862, when Robert E. Lee defeated Union forces as he led the Confederate toward the Potomac River. In the early 1990s, Chairman Michael Eisner of Disney, envisioned an American history theme-park to be called Disney’s America. Colonial Williamsburg in southeastern Virginia initially provided inspiration for Disney executives. Prior to 1993, Disney officials surreptitiously acquired land-options in Prince William county using false names in...
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...things that seem to defy all the odds? Why is it George Washington, a Virginia farmer with a love for the military became the “Father of our Country” ? An honorable, virtuous, adventuresome, solider who fought for independence from the British. Why him? Why is it that Mahatma Gandhi was the architect of civil disobedience that influenced the world? A struggling, shy, student who had tremendous difficulty speaking in public. Gandhi was unsuccessful as a lawyer in Bombay. He found his calling working for the downtrodden Indian minority in South Africa. Why him? Why is it Mother Teresa, a convent school teacher dedicated to her student’s education became a Noble Prize humanitarian? Her clinics now care for tens of thousands. Why her? Why is it that Jesus, (whether one believes he is just a man or truly the Son of God), became the most influential person who ever lived? Born in a barn to poor parents; Jesus relied on friends and strangers for food and shelter. He changed the culture of the world. Why him? There is something else at play here, Servant leadership. Servant leaders show proof of their character through behavior. They display the common practices of model leadership by modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling others to act and encouraging the heart (Kouzes & Posner, 2007). Leadership is about service, stewardship, and shepherding those; at home, work, and in the community. Washington, Gandhi, Mother Teresa, and Jesus’ effectiveness as...
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...academic research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. U.S. Army War College CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA 17013 Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 15 MAR 2006 4. TITLE...
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... The Inception Phase The Springfield Interchange is one of the most complex and dangerous interchanges in the United States (Sipress & Reid, 1999). Situated fifteen miles south of Washington, DC, where the Capital Beltway intersects Interstate Highways I-95 and I-395, the interchange is aptly nicknamed the ‘‘Mixing Bowl,’’ as four of the region’s heaviest streams of traffic rush together in a fury of bobbing and weaving and last- second lane changing in an effort to negotiate the outdated traffic patterns. As many as 375,000 vehicles commute via this route every day, in addition to the constant traffic of I-95, the primary East Coast commercial corridor. The interchange held the distinction of having more accidents than any section of the Beltway or any other area of road in Virginia. Although delays and driver confusion continually reinforced the need to improve the interchange, it was traffic safety issues that finally moved the project off the wish list and onto the drawing board (Behr, 1999). Although overriding safety concerns drove the project, not everyone was excited about the prospects of a multiyear construction project in the middle of the busiest area of the Washington, DC Beltway. Local businesses were worried about losing customers because drivers would want to avoid the area. Commercial carriers were concerned about the impact the delays would have...
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...LESSON 32 - A Conservative Age Objectives Identify how President Nixon enacted foreign and domestic policy Identify key political events that impacted the Presidency during this time period Identify the impact the economy had on America Identify key events in the birth of the Environmental Movement President Nixon at Home and Abroad President Richard Nixon pushed conservative policies. President Nixon wanted to limit power of the federal government by introducing revenue sharing. Revenue sharing allowed local and state governments more freedom to spend federal aid. Nixon wanted to reform social welfare, but his plan failed to pass Congress. At first Nixon worked with Congress, which Democrats controlled. Soon he refused to spend money voted by Congress on programs that he did not approve of. The Supreme Court ruled President Nixon's actions unconstitutional. President Nixon began a policy of law and order by enlisting the CIA and IRS to harass the liberals and dissidents that he considered...
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...Running head: DOD COSTS OF NOT PREPARING FOR NEXTGEN 1 The potential costs to the DoD of not preparing for the NextGen NAS overhaul: lessons learned from RVSM Casey Richardson Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Author Note The author, Casey Richardson, is a US Air Force Major and F16 test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, California. He has more than 2000 flight hours in high performance aircraft including the T-38A/C, F-15E, and various models of the F-16. He is a graduate of USAF Test Pilot School and post-graduate student at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. DOD COSTS OF NOT PREPARING FOR NEXTGEN Abstract In order to facilitate a significant overhaul of the civilian National Airspace System (NAS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has partnered with many federal agencies, such as the departments of Transportation (DOT), Defense (DoD), Homeland Security (DHS), 2 and Commerce (DOC) and the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) through a consolidated Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) that was established by Congress in 2003 in the VISION 100 – Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (JPDO, 2012). The JPDO has proposed replacing the old NAS structure of primarily ground-based navigation with robust satellite-enabled air traffic procedures and to supplement ground-based air traffic controller workload with advanced datalink and trajectory-based operations algorithms for de-conflicting aircraft on the ground and in the air....
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...United States Government Accountability Office Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives For Release on Delivery Expected at 10:00 a.m. EDT Tuesday, March 25, 2014 INFORMATION SECURITY VA Needs to Address Long-Standing Challenges Statement of Gregory C. Wilshusen, Director, Information Security Issues GAO-14-469T March 25, 2014 INFORMATION SECURITY VA Needs to Address Long-Standing Challenges Highlights of GAO-14-469T, a testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives Why GAO Did This Study The use of information technology is crucial to VA’s ability to carry out its mission of ensuring that veterans receive medical care, benefits, social support, and memorials. However, without adequate security protections, VA’s systems and information are vulnerable to exploitation by an array of cyber-based threats, potentially resulting in, among other things, the compromise of veterans’ personal information. GAO has identified information security as a governmentwide high-risk area since 1997. The number of information security incidents reported by VA has more than doubled over the last several years, further highlighting the importance of securing the department’s systems and the information that resides on them. GAO was asked to provide a statement discussing the challenges VA has experienced in effectively...
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...March 19, 2012 Much to American anger and displeasure, India is in no mood to reduce its energy ties with Iran. Let us say that the Indian policy makers are cognizant of some of the critical facts concerning Iran. * That the international community has serious misgivings about the peaceful intentions of the Iranian nuclear programme. * That India is formally opposed to a nuclear Iran. * That under American sanctions, in December 2010 India had to terminate the Asian Customs Union (ACU) arrangement to pay for its oil imports from Iran. * That alternative payment arrangements through Germany, Turkey and the UAE were unsuccessful, finally forcing India and Iran to settle for partial rupee payment for oil imports. * That the rupee payment arrangement covers only 45 percent of the oil bill because the trade balance is highly in favour of Iran. * That State-own Shipping Corporation India has refused to ship crude from Iran because it could not find the necessary insurance cover. * That there are growing concerns over a possible Israeli military strike against Iranian nuclear installations. * That India would have learned some lessons from the September 2005 fiasco over the IAEA vote. Not only its anti-Iranian vote was a last minute decision, the manner in which it executed and explained its vote clearly revealed that New Delhi acted under pressure from Washington. This inept handling angered Tehran and displeased Washington. ...
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...(Darby 10-13). Dwight and his brother Edgar graduated high school in May 1909, his brother wanted to go to law school at the University of Michigan (Darby 13). The two brothers devised a plan to help the other by paying the other’s college tuition. Edgar went to school while Dwight worked at the creamery and as a fireman. Luckily, Edgar would never have to uphold his end of the deal (“Dwight D. Eisenhower”2). Dwight was appointed to West Point Military Academy in New York in 1911 (“Dwight D. Eisenhower”2). Dwight was often guilty of breaking the Academy’s rules, although cigarettes we forbidden he hand-rolled Bull Durhams, and when he was caught the punishment did not stop him. He also refused to keep his room neat and occasionally wouldn’t dress properly. Football was important to Ike, until he twisted his knee in a game and again during a drill; with cartilage and tendons severely torn his football career was over and this jeopardized his commission. With this news, his grades dropped and he thought of leaving the academy, but later decided against it (Darby 20). West Point was teaching Eisenhower to handle a rifle and small artillery; they worked on horseback riding and studied building bridges. By graduation Ike knew mathematics, geography, physics, and chemistry. Although the best lesson he learned was that a good officer is an unselfish team player. Eisenhower graduated in 1915; his class became the most famous in West Point history (Darby 20-21). On Valentine’s Day 1916...
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...used to review and rate teachers’ performance and effectiveness in the classroom. It can also be defined as collecting and using information to judge. The two main types of evaluation are formative and summative. The former is used to improve instruction and foster teachers’ growth, while the latter is a tool used to make administrative decisions and guide employment of teachers. The findings from those evaluations are used to provide feedback to teachers and guide their professional development. Traditionally the evaluation of teacher solely relied on classroom observation. It was done by principals or school administrators; using checklists. Other factors taken into consideration included students’ performance, teachers’ records and lesson plans. The public viewed evaluation as a major problem in the school system. With time therefore, new trends have come up in teacher evaluation. This evaluation has undergone significant changes in recent years. This is due to a wave of research on teacher quality, political pressure to eliminate poorly performing teachers from the system, and interests in improving teacher effectiveness. Methods used in the past were: i. Classroom observation ii. Measurement tests of teacher characteristics iii. Student achievement test scores/ student ratings iv. Teacher interviews v. Competency testing Some of the new trends in teacher evaluation are:...
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...Vietnam Protest: Government Against Civilians Brian Garcia Introduction to Comparative Politics Midterm March 19, 2015 Political violence has been experienced in every country throughout history, whether the government in place has been a democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, or a hybrid regime. Political violence, or collective political struggles, includes events such as riots, civil wars, revolutions, and peaceful protest movements (Neil, 2013). In 1965 the Vietnam War sparked one of the largest protests, in the United States, the world has ever seen. The United States citizens rose against their government in a public forum, in order to convey their message against the casualties that had resulted due to the war in Vietnam. After World War I, Vietnam created the nationalist movement, which formed separate states for each nation. During World War II, Japan invaded Vietnam, causing the Vietnamese leader, Ho Chi Minh, to liberate his people. Minh used guerilla warfare, private non-state affiliated men to attack the Japanese (Neil). Upon Minh’s win, he attained the territories once belonging to France and created a new nation under the communist government, a political system that “eliminates individual freedom to achieve equality” (Neil). Because of Vietnam’s government as a form of communism, the United States was not able to help finance them after the revolutionary, instead, President Truman helped fund France and provided them with militarily aid. Eventually after the...
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...The Importance of Military Professionals to Study Military History SGM United States Army Sergeants Major academy Class SGM March 28, 2011 Abstract Studying military history is essential for our military professions. Military history tells us a great deal about our countries past conflicts and gives us a better understanding of how we operated in them. It tells us what Soldiers had to face in the different wars and conflicts our forces have been engaged in. From the Soldier’s on the beaches of World War II, to the foot patrol in the streets of Mosul, Iraq. Military history enables us to understand how the military used a tactics, techniques and procedure (TTP’s) to fight in the past conflicts. Military history has a strong heritage that should be studied by our soldiers in our professional development courses. ARGUMENTIVE ESSAY SGM Ricky A. Nottingham Class 37 Today’s Non Commission Officer and Officers alike should take time out of their schedule to study military history. Through the studies of military history all should learn way the past could apply to the battle fields of today. Conflicts have been won and lost throughout military history. The tactics, techniques and procedure (TTP’s) applied in today battle field have been developed from lessons learned from the past. Today’s leadership must have a board knowledge of tactics and understanding of the environments they are in. they must have a understanding of the culture they are going against. We...
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...Model 2. Ellyn Montgomery, USGS, Data Lifecycle Diagram 3. FGDC Stages of the Geospatial Data Lifecycle pursuant to OMB Circular A–16 4. University of Oxford Research Data Management Chart 5. NOAA Environmental Data Life Cycle Functions 6. Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Framework 7. USGS Scientific Information Management Workshop Vocabulary 8. Peter Fox Lifecycle Diagrams 9. National Science Foundation 10. NDIIPP Preserving Our Digital Heritage 11. What Researchers Want 12. EPA Project Life Cycle 13. IWGDD’s Digital Data Life Cycle Model 14. Scientific Data Management Plan Guidance 15. Linear Data Life Cycle 16. Generic Science Data Lifecycle 17. Cassandra Ladino Hybrid Data Lifecycle Model 18. Ray Obuch Data Management – A Lifecycle Approach 19. USGS Data Management Plan Framework (DMPf) – Smith, Tessler, and McHale 20. BLM Data Management Handbook 21. ARL Joint Task Force on Library Support for E-Science 22. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Key Components 23. ICPSR Preservation over the Data Life Cycle 24. William Michener DataONE: Data Life Cycle Management 25. IBM Aspects of Lifecycle Management - Research 26. University of California San Diego Digital Curation Program 27. University of Miami Scientific Data Lifecycle 28. Managing...
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...To The Shores of Tripoli Muslim foes. Kidnappings. How the Barbary Wars foreshadowed things to come By CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS Within days of his March 1801 inauguration as the third President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson ordered a naval and military expedition to North Africa, without the authorization of Congress, to put down regimes involved in slavery and piracy. The war was the first in which the U.S. flag was carried and planted overseas; it saw the baptism by fire of the U.S. Marine Corps—whose anthem boasts of action on "the shores of Tripoli"—and it prefigured later struggles with both terrorism and jihad. The Barbary States of North Africa—Algiers, Tunis, Morocco and Tripoli (today's Libya)—had for centuries sustained themselves by preying on the maritime commerce of others. Income was raised by direct theft, the extortion of bribes or "protection" and the capture of crews and passengers to be used as slaves. The historian Robert Davis, in his book Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500-1800, estimates that as many as 1.25 million Europeans and Americans were enslaved. The Barbary raiders—so called because they were partly of Berber origin—struck as far north as England and Ireland. It appears, for example, that almost every inhabitant of the Irish village of Baltimore was carried off in 1631. Samuel Pepys and Daniel Defoe...
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