...AMAP Avocado Marketing and Promotion Working group (former name: AMAPWG) Unique model of global co-operation Presented by: Gabi Naamani Agrexco Tel-Aviv, Israel Sept. 2011, Cairns, Australia AMAP – Unique model of global co-operation Gabi Naamani, Agrexco Tel-Aviv AMAP (former named AMAPWG) – Avocado Marketing and Promotion Working Group - is voluntary organization of Avocado producers and exporters from numerous countries that identified “Mutual interests in developing the Avocado consumption”. The main goal is to develop and extend the Avocado consumption in Europe, along with inspection on domestic markets of the members (plus other markets as well), where applications from one field can be learnt and applied in other. AMAP is a unique model with special inspiration: “Cooperation of competitors” from all over the world, with common understanding that it is much more beneficial “to act together on enlarging the cake than to fight on its slices”. This basic idea was firstly discussed at informal meeting of various exporters during the '4th World Avocado Congress' (Uruapan, Mexico 1999), where it was agreed to meet once a year and to modify numerous existing connections from being 'bi-lateral' to be 'multi-lateral'. Further many steps, for tightening the relationships, were taken in the past dozen years. Nowadays, there is permanent weekly data exchange. The group has twice a year meetings where many subjects are presented and discussed, like marketing, promotion...
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...MKT 4306 – International Marketing Report on the presentation of : African Development Bank First of all I would like to thank Dr. Hamelin for this interesting presentation, and my colleagues for the interactive discussion they animated. The guest speaker is a successful Egyptian woman, who has been managing a portfolio of 2 billion euros, she is the representative of African Development Bank in Morocco. Dr. Amani Abou-Zeid has been involved in many socio economic development programs. Her experience is not limited to Morocco but extends throughout the Middle East, Europe, the United Kingdom and Canada. Dr. Abou-Zeid talked about some facts about Africa saying that: In 2005-08 Africa’s growth average 6%, Growth of 4.8% in 2010 up from 3% back in 2009. Opportunities are diversified and represents the interest greater than any other developped continent; namely , fast reforms, commodities, agriculture, growing markets & middle class. The ADB strategy sectorial emphasis : Infrastructure, Governance, Private sector development, higher education. ADB is also the first development partner is Morocco. Africa’s recent economic performance states that Africa register interesting growth in the past years due to seriousness after its economic and fiscal crises in the 70’s and 80’s. The implications of financial crisis on Africa had little direct impact of the world financial crisis on African Financial System. However, Africa was more affected by recession. ...
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...production, million tonnes, 2012 Share of primary crop production, 2012 40,000 Ethiopia 10% 30,000 28% Tanzania Uganda 20,000 4% 15% Kenya Rwanda 10,000 20% 23% Burundi 0 Roots & tubers Cereals Fruit & vegetables Pulses • Ethiopia & Tanzania produce around half of the region’s primary food crops. • Cassava, potatoes & maize are the region’s staple foods, which are traded widely. • A high proportion of fruit & vegetables are exported to sub-regional & international markets. Sources: FAO, Ecobank Research. © Ecobank 2014 | East Africa’s agro-industrial sector | 22 May 2014 3 East Africa dominates coffee production Guinea Ethiopia Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Uganda Rwanda Kenya DRC Burundi Tanzania Coffee production, 2012/13 (each bar = 2 million 60-kg bags) Madagascar Sources: Intracen, Ecobank Research. Arabica Robusta © Ecobank 2014 | East Africa’s agro-industrial sector | 22 May 2014 4 Ethiopia & Algeria dominate coffee consumption African coffee consumption, 000s 60-kg bags, 2012/13 % share of African total, 2012/13 3,500 3,000 9% 4% 5% 2,500 2,000 1,500 40% 6% 9% 1,000 27% 500 0 Ethiopia Ethiopia Madagascar Algeria Côte d'Ivoire Morocco DRC South Africa Algeria Morocco South Africa Madagascar Côte d'Ivoire Other • Ethiopia & Algeria account for ¾ of Africa’s coffee consumption. • Most producers view coffee...
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...Introduction: BMW is a famous company in the word. It owned many brand like Rolls-Royce, mini. BMW created by Karl Rapp in 10/1993 Analysis Task1: Objectives of BMW: Up to the year 2020, BMW Group intends to strengthen its position within the global motor vehicle market by increasing sales to more than two million automobiles per year. BMW’s strategic objective is to ensure that: The BMW Group is the leading provider of premium products and premium services for individual mobility. (http://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/the-corporate-strategies-and-objectives-of-bmw-marketing-essay.php) 1: PIRO 2: Value chain Processes are the ways that an organization uses it resources to generate value. These stem from the many discrete activities a firm performs in designing, producing, marketing, delivering and supporting its product and service. For instance, BMW has implemented a corporate finance structure with an international focus to reduce its exposure to local and foreign capital market fluctuation. As explained through the value chain, BMW's process are illustrated Process has been the development of technology and innovation across multiple section of the BMW business. This has been assisted through strategic alliances formed with suppliers to increase BMW's purchasing and manufacturing competency. Furthermore, research and development has been able to take advantage of the market research and analysis with regards to customer behavior and purchasing patterns to...
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... Contents Executive summary 5 1. Introduction 8 2. Value chain analysis 9 2.1. The general value chain concept 9 2.2. The value chain concept applied to fisheries and aquaculture 11 2.3. Conclusions about using the value chain analysis 14 3. The international seafood industry and Africa’s place in it 16 3.1. African seafood exports and imports 18 3.2. Main destinations 20 3.3. Imports 21 3.4. Value addition in Africa 21 4. Studies where value chain analysis has been used 22 4.1. Revenue distribution through the seafood value chain 23 4.2. Lake Victoria Nile perch fishery, Tanzania 25 4.3. Pelagic fishery in Morocco 32 4.4. Value addition opportunities in the Namibian seafood industry 38 4.5. Ugandan Nile perch quality management and certification 41 4.6. The Kenya capture fisheries value chain 45 4.7. Nigerian domestic catfish production 50 4.8. Gender analysis of aquaculture value chain in Nigeria and Vietnam 54 4.9. Private sector applications of value chain analysis 60 5. On-going value chain analysis studies 68 5.1. Value chain analysis of international fish trade and food security 68 5.2. Ghana: Value Chain and Cost Earnings Analysis 69 6. Example from Asia: Analysis of the fishery sector in Sri Lanka 70 6.1. Value chain summary 71 6.2. Production 71 6.3. Ownership and collective action 72 6.4. Fisheries value chain structure and dynamics 74 6.5. Value chain participants 76 6.6. Supporting markets...
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...Kenya Vision 2030 A Globally Competitive and Prosperous Kenya October 2007 THE NATIONAL ANTHEM Swahili Ee Mungu nguvu yetu Ilete baraka kwetu Haki iwe ngao na mlinzi Natukae na undugu Amani na uhuru Raha tupate na ustawi Amkeni ndugu zetu Tufanye sote bidii Nasi tujitoe kwa nguvu Nchi yetu ya Kenya Tunayoipenda Tuwe tayari kuilinda Natujenge taifa letu Ee, ndio wajibu wetu Kenya istahili heshima Tuungane mikono Pamoja kazini Kila siku tuwe na shukrani English O God of all creation Bless this our land and nation Justice be our shield and defender May we dwell in unity Peace and liberty Plenty be found within our borders Let one and all arise With hearts both strong and true Service be our earnest endeavour And our homeland of Kenya Heritage of splendour Firm may we stand to defend Let all with one accord In common bond united Build this our nation together And the glory of Kenya The fruit of our labour Fill every heart with thanksgiving FOREWORD The unveiling of Kenya Vision 2030 marks an important milestone in our country’s development as it comes soon after the successful implementation of the “Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation” (ERS) over the period 2003 to-date. The Kenya economy has now recovered from the slow growth rate of 0.6 percent in 2002 to a projected growth of over 7 percent in 2007. Indeed, the last five years represent the best phase of sustained economic growth in our country in all sectors of our economy notably; agriculture...
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...the current market situation and medium term outlook to 2021 for tea. The analysis is based on data received by the Secretariat from member countries, supplemented by data from other sources including the International Tea Committee. Macro-economic data were sourced from the IMF, World Bank and OECD, particularly for those used in the medium term projections. 2. A deviation from past practices, is the inclusion of market commentaries from IGG member countries that had provided theirs. The Secretariat is extremely grateful to contributions from Argentina, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and Vietnam. If delegates find this useful, they may wish to adopt it as a standard practice for the Group in its evaluation of the world tea market, and include contributions from importing countries as well. This would go a long way in improving the spirit of cooperation among members and promote marketing priorities of the Group in the areas of: Improving market transparency; Fostering market expansion; and Value chain enhancement. 3. Finally, delegates are requested to review the information presented, and amend and supplement these where necessary, pertaining to their countries. II. HIGHLIGHTS 4. World black tea prices remained firm in 2010 and 2011 as market fundamentals were strong. After long periods of sustained growth, black tea production actually declined in 2009, and although consumption also declined marginally, demand for black tea exceeded supply...
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...to my supervisor for the guiding me through this tough moment. Any other person who has made an impact on my life: my friends, relatives and lecturers should also receives my thanks. TABLE OF CONTENT Declaration ii Acknowledgement iii Definition of terms. vi Abbreviations vi Abstract vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.0. Background 1 1.2. Problem statement 3 1.3. Objectives 4 1.4. Research questions 4 1.5. Significance of the study 5 1.6. Justification of the study. 5 1.7. Assumption of the study. 6 1.8. Limitations and delimitations: 6 Limitations 6 Delimitations: 6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1. Introduction 7 2.2. Conceptual frame work 7 2.3. Importance of a trained MSE sector in Kenya 7 2.4. Entrepreneurship training Verses small business training in MSE sector. 9 2.5. Training and training programs 10 Fig 1: Training cycle 11 2.6. Training needs analysis 11 2.6.1 Types of Needs Analyses 12...
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...Concentration 2 Related Industries 4 Spending Power 4 Buying Habits 5 FMCG in Africa 6 Food 6 Beverages 6 Personal Care Products 8 Home Care Products 8 FMCG Growth Spots in Africa 6 Ghana 9 Kenya 10 Nigeria 14 Sources of Information 16 Contact Details back page 1 | Fast-Moving Consumer Goods in Africa Introduction & Overview The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector, also called the consumer packaged goods (CPG) sector, is one of the largest industries worldwide. FMCGs are generally cheap products that have a short shelf life, and are purchased by consumers on a regular basis. Profit margins on these products are usually low for retailers, who try to offset this by selling large volumes. Some of the most well-known FMCG companies in the world include Unilever, The Coca-Cola Company, and Johnson & Johnson. The FMCG sector comprises a large variety of products, with some of the most important categories being food, beverages, personal care products, and home care products. Within categories, FMCG products are often near-identical, and for this reason price competition between retailers can be intense. To boost profitability, companies use marketing and other techniques to establish loyalty to the product, which enables them to charge higher prices....
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACK GROUND INFORMATION OF THE STUDY A tour package is an offer of a tour program composed of transportation, accommodation along with an escorted tour in an exchange for a predetermined single price (Business dictionary .com). It is sold to holiday makers by tour operators, travel agencies or directly by airlines through online or agency arrangements. Holiday package is a marketing strategy that helps related businesses come together to Work in partnership to sell their products through product bundling (Venkatesh and Kamakura,2003) . Nowadays different airlines of the World are involved in selling air transport service through the same Way by entering contractual agreements with various service providers such as hoteliers or tour companies .As a result most carriers such as Emirates, South African Air ways, Kenyan Airways etc are the beneficiary of this strategy mainly due to their own home base are tourist destinations .When it comes to Ethiopian airlines the actual fact is contradictory in that it has not been a beneficiary of its own country tourism attractions through product bundling .And the holiday package development is at its infantile stage. As a result the national carrier became highly dependent on the 6th freedom traffic right. That is 65 % of the total traffic are transiting Addis Ababa as stated on Ehiopian Airlines Annual commercial report (2010). As such no attention was given until recently to develop in-house package. In fact there...
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...International Burch University, Sarajevo Managment Department Introduction to Economics I TRADE AGREEMENTS AND WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION PROFESSOR ASSISTANT STUDENTS Nataša Tandir Nedžad Isaković Sejid Abaz Sarajevo, December 2011. CONTENT Trade Agreements.......................................................................................................................... 3 Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements................................................................................. 3 Trade Agreements and Trading Blocks............................................................................... 3 Different types of trade agreements..................................................................................... 3 1. Free Trade Areas (FTA)........................................................................................... 3 2. Common Monetary Area (CMA)............................................................................. 5 3. Customs Union......................................................................................................... 5 4. Common Market...................................................................................................... 6 5. Monetary Union....................................................................................................... 6 6. Economic Union......................................................................................
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...Negative Interest Rates Nominal interest rates are normally positive, but not always. Given the alternative of holding cash, and thus earning 0%, rather than lending it out, profit-seeking lenders will not lend below 0%, as that will guarantee a loss, and a bank offering a negative deposit rate will find few takers, as savers will instead hold cash. During the European sovereign-debt crisis, government bonds of some countries (Switzerland, Denmark, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands and Austria) have been sold at negative yields. Suggested explanations include desire for safety and protection against the Eurozone breaking up. More often, real interest rates can be negative, when nominal interest rates are below inflation. When this is done via government policy (for example, via reserve requirements), this is deemed financial repression, and was practiced by countries such as the United States and United Kingdom following World War II (1945) until the late 1970s or early 1980s (during and following the Post–World War II economic expansion). In the late 1970s, United States Treasury securities with negative real interest rates were deemed certificates of confiscation. Negative interest rates have been proposed in the past, notably in the late 19th century by Silvio Gesell. To prevent people from holding cash (and thus earning 0%), Gesell suggested issuing money for a limited duration, after which it must be exchanged for new bills; attempts to hold money thus result in...
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...MARKET NEWS SERVICE MNS Medicinal Plants & Extracts North America Africa Western Europe India Eastern Europe China No. 18 March 2006 This note has b een prepared, without formal editing as a service to exporters and industries in developing countries by the Market News Service (MNS), Division of Product and Market Development, International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the MNS/ITC Geneva. Copyright © MNS/ITC 2006. All rights reserved Prepared by Mr. Josef Brinckmann, ITC Consultant brink@sonic.net International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO 54-56 rue de Montbrillant, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland. Tel : (4122) 730 01 11 - Fax: (4122) 733 44 39 E-mail: itcreg@intracen.org ; URL: http://www.intracen.org Postal address: International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland 2 EDITORS NOTE MNS Medicinal Plant and Extracts report is a formatted version of a news and information bulletin prepared by the International Trade Centre to promote international trade in medicinal plants and botanical extracts. The revised version of the report includes substantially more information on the structure and function of the market. These additional features have been included after extensive consultation with existing subscribers and trade experts. For subscription details please contact MNS...
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...proponents of GM technology sell a sweet message of GM crops bringing the second green revolution and the answer to African hunger, but a closer look makes it clear that GM crops have no place in African agriculture. The push to bring genetically modified (GM) crops into African agriculture is not letting up, even as (and partly because) the GM industry is faltering in much of the world. A growing list of organizations, networks and lobby groups with close ties to the GM industry are working to promote GM agriculture on the continent. GM crops are so far only commercially available in South Africa, but there have been field trials in Kenya, Egypt and Burkina Faso, and also in Senegal and Zimbabwe where there was no public knowledge or regulatory oversight. At least12 African countries are carrying out research on GM crops, including Egypt, Uganda, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia and Cameroon, and a long list of GM crops are in the pipeline for introduction in various African countries (see map). There's also concern that GM crops are coming in by way of food imports and seed smuggling, even for countries that have taken measures to prevent imports of GM food, such as Zambia, Angola, Sudan, and Benin. In short, Africa is in danger of becoming the dumping ground for the struggling GM industry and the laboratory for frustrated GM scientists. The proponents of GM technology sell a sweet message of GM crops as the second green revolution and the answer to African hunger, but the reality...
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...Into Africa Institutional investor intentions to 2016 An Invest AD report written by the Economist Intelligence Unit Into Africa Institutional investor intentions to 2016 Contents Foreword 2 Preface 3 About this research 4 Key findings 5 I. Introduction: a North-South role reversal 6 II. A hopeful decade: Africa’s changing image 8 III. Barriers to investment 11 IV. The new investment case for Africa 15 V. Investor perceptions versus market reality in key markets 18 Conclusion 20 Appendix: survey results 21 1 © Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2012 Into Africa Institutional investor intentions to 2016 Foreword Africa is no longer a leap of faith Even well informed observers have written off Africa as riven by war, corruption and poverty, but since the emergence of China and India as economic growth engines, many are now asking whether this continent of one billion people can also achieve its own “economic miracle” . These are still early days but there is no doubting the promising signs, politically and economically. At a time of huge change, societies are showing that they can adapt, on the whole, peacefully. In the last year, Nigeria, Tunisia, Zambia and Rwanda have held elections hailed as free and fair by international observers, while a referendum created the new nation of South Sudan. Along with greater political stability, has come policy continuity and improved ...
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